1. Leadership PowerPoint
Submitted to Dr. David Poole for Professional
Leadership Development Course
January 25 2012
California Baptist University, Riverside CA
By Rev Emmanuel Kwabena Mustapha.

2. Overview
 Contingency Theory
 Path-Goal Theory of Leadership
 Three Leadership Examples
 Conclusion

3. Contingency (Situational) Model of
Leadership
 It the leadership model or theories that
incorporate the aspect of the
organization or characteristic of the
followers as a key elements in the
leaders effectiveness
 It refer to as contingency or situational
leadership, because the leader’s
impact depend on the followers
behavior and organization situation

4. Contingency (Situational) Model of
Leadership
 These a approach is more than one best
approach because they include the
characteristic of the leader’s situation
that can be vastly different.
◦ Types of Followers
◦ Work tasks
◦ Resource
◦ Technology
◦ Legal
◦ Economic Environment
◦ All these vary from organization to
organizations

5. The five Contingency Models
 Fiedler’s Contingency Model
 Normative Decision- Making Theory of
Participation
 Hersey and Blanchard Situational
Leadership Theory
 Multiple Linkage Theory of Leadership
 Path-Goal Theory of Leadership

6. Path-Goal Theory Origin
 Robert J House was inspired by the
work of Martin G Evans (1970), in
which the leadership behaviors and
the follower perceptions of the degree
to which following a particular
behavior (path) will lead to a particular
outcome (goal).The path–goal theory
was also influenced by the expectancy
theory of motivation developed
by Victor Vroom (1964).

7. Path-Goal Theory of
Leadership
 The theory address the interaction with
the follower
 The theory suggest if the leaders’
behaviors is motivating or satisfy to the
follower, it increases the attractiveness
of the goal or increase the follower’s
confidence to achieved them
 With the Model the leader is very much
active in
coaching, guiding, encouraging, motivati
ng and rewarding followers for their
achievement

8. Four types of Leadership
Behaviors
 A leader’s behavior is acceptable to
subordinates when viewed as a source
of satisfaction and motivational when
need satisfaction is contingent on
performance, and the leader
facilitates, coaches, and rewards
effective performance.
 The original path-goal theory identifies:
 Directive
 Supportive
 Participative
 Achievement-Oriented

9. Directive
 The Directive leader behavior refers to
situations where the leader lets
followers know what is expected of
them and tells them how to perform
their tasks.

10. Supportive
 The Supportive leader behavior is
directed towards the satisfaction of
subordinates needs and preferences.
The leader shows concern for the
followers’ psychological well being.

11. Participation
 The Participative leader
behavior involves leaders consulting
with followers and asking for their
suggestions before making a decision

12. Achievement-oriented
 The Achievement-Oriented leader
behavior refers to situations where the
leader sets challenging goals for
followers, expects them to perform at
their highest level, and shows
confidence in their ability to meet this
expectation.

13. Revised Version
 The Originator Bob House after some time introduce a
new version of the theory, the reformulated theory
expand the focus from the effect of the four leadership
behavior on the work satisfaction, motivation, and the
performance of individual subordinate, to include the
effect of ten types of leadership behavior on the
subordinate
empowerment, satisfaction, ability, performance and
work unit performance.
 Clarifying, Participative, Achievement-Oriented, Work
facilitation, Supportive, Interaction-facilitation, Group
oriented, Representing the network, Charismatic and
Shared leadership
 The revised version also includes immediate (Short
term) and Long Term of the outcome of the leader’s
behavior on the followers.

14. The Three Leaders I have
Observed
 OKOMFO ANOKYE (17th century
A.D)
 NEHEMIAH (Around the second half
of the 5th century B.C)
 JERRY JOHN RAWLINGS (1979-
2000 A.D)

15. OKOMFO ANOKYE
 Task Identification (Unification of
Ashanti Kingdom)
 Directive
 Supportive
 Participation
 Achievement-Oriented

16. NEHEMIAH
 Task Identification (Rebuilding of the
broken walls of Jerusalem)
 Directive
 Supportive
 Participation
 Achievement-Oriented

17. JERRY JOHN RAWLINGS
 Task Identification (Fighting corruption
and disorder in Ghana)
 Directive
 Supportive
 Participation
 Achievement-Oriented

18. Conclusion and Application
 In my personal opinion, I have found
the Path-Goal theory useful in my
work as a developer of leaders. It has
been effective with my followers and it
has helped us to achieve our set goals
and we celebrated all together.

19. Sources
 House, Robert J. “Path-Goal Theory of
Leadership: Lesson, Legacy and a
Reformulated Theory.” Leadership
Quarterly, Volume 7, No. 3. JAI Press, 1996.
 Howell, Jon P., and Costley, Dan L.
Understanding Behaviors for Effective
Leadership. New Jersey, Pearson Education
Inc., 2006.
 “Jerry Rawlings.” Retrieved January 24, 2012
from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Rawlings.
 “Okomfo Anokye.” Retrieved January
24, 2012 from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okomfo_Anokye.