The document discusses various hemodynamic disorders including hyperemia, congestion, thrombosis, embolism, and infarction. Hyperemia is an increased blood volume in tissue from vasodilation. Congestion is increased blood volume from impaired venous return. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot within vessels. An embolism occurs when a piece of thrombus or other material blocks a vessel. Infarction is tissue death from blocked arteries or veins.
77. 3. Between the extremes of large and small emboli (10-15%): Pulmonary hemorrhage. 4. Multiple small emboli: Pulmonary hypertension and vascular sclerosis.
78. Systemic embolism I . 80-85% from heart, secondary to myocardial infarction. II . 5-10% from auricular thrombi associated with rheumatic heart disease and atrial fibrillation. III . 5% from the dilated cardiac chamber of myocarditis / cardiomyopathy. VI . Less common sources: Debris from ulcerative atheromata, or thrombi in aneurysms, infectious endocarditis, prosthetic valves, paradoxical emboli. V . Unknown.
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81. Intrinsic occlusion for example, thrombosis, embolism expansion of atheroma Vasospasm Extrinsic compression for example, twisting of the vessels Etiology
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94. Venous occlusions Loose tissues Tissues with dual circulations Tissues previously congested Blood flow reestablished Red infarct/hemorrhagic infarct