2. • :
/
:
• :
.
Disease, its cause, what may abate the ill:
Let leech examine these, then use his skill. :
. , , J.S.S. ,
3. : (pig, cow)
: , , ,
: ,
,
,
If (food and work are either) excessive or deficient, the three things
enumerated by (medical) writers, flatulence, biliousness, and phlegm,
will cause (one) disease.
. , , J.S.S. ,
4. /
,
/ / ,
If (one's food has been) digested let one eat with moderation;
(for) that is the way to prolong the life of an embodied soul.
. , , J.S.S. ,
6. -
– /
,
,
(SAR) .
,
,
.
, .[
.
, ,
. 6
,
.
5000
, , .
:
(First) assure yourself that your food has been digested and never fail
to eat, when very hungry, whatever is not disagreeable (to you).
. , , J.S.S. ,
8. )
There will be no disaster to one's life if one eats with moderation,
food that is not disagreeable.
. , , J.S.S. ,
9. As pleasure dwells with him who eats moderately, so disease (dwells)
with the glutton who eats voraciously.
. , , J.S.S. ,
10. Clinical Trials- Phase I
Drug is tested on healthy volunteers to determine toxicity
relative to dose and to screen for unexpected side effects..
Small group of people (20-80)
HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
INFORMED CONSENT
EVALUATE ITS SAFETY
COMMON SIDE EFFECTS
Fatigue, nausea, hair loss,
vomiting
IDENTIFY SIDE EFFFECTS
Determine safe dosage range
0.5-1.5 YEARS
ETHICAL APPROVAL
SINGLE & REPEAT DOSE
Full Rescussitation + Medical Backup + Monitor
11. Clinical Trials- Phase II
Drug is tested on small group of patients to see if drug has any
beneficial effect and to determine the dose level needed for
this effect.
PATIENTS
Larger Group of People (100-300)
INFORMED CONSENT EFFECTIVENESS
MAXIMUM MONITORING
EVALUATE ITS SAFETY
FULL RESCUSSITATION
DOSAGE
TYPE OF PATIENT INDICATION FOR USE
SEVERITY OF DISEASE DOSE RANGE
PK STUDIES IN ILL PEOPLE SCHEDULE & INCREMENT
NATURE OF SIDE EFFECTS & SEVERITY; EFFECTS IN SPECIAL GRUOPS
12. Clinical Trials- Phase III
Drug is tested on much larger group of patients and compared
with existing treatments and with a placebo
1500-3500 Patients
Multicentre
More certain data for the objectives
of phase 2 studies
Interactions between drugs
start to become measurable
in the larger population
sub-groups start to be
established
special features and
problems show up
Monitor side effects
Confirm its effectiveness
Drug Vs Placebo
13. He will be afflicted with numberless diseases, who eats immoderately,
ignorant (of the rules of health).
. , , J.S.S. ,
15. Clinical Trials Phase IV
• Phase IV: Drug is placed on the market and patients
are monitored for side effects
16. The learned (physician) should ascertain the condition of his patient;
the nature of his disease, and the season (of the year) and (then)
proceed (with his treatment).
. , , J.S.S. ,
