Spinoff is NASA's annual premier publication featuring successfully commercialized NASA technology. For more than 40 years, NASA has facilitated the transfer of its technology to the private sector, benefiting global competition and the economy. Since 1976, Spinoff has featured between 40 and 50 of these commercial products annually. Spinoff maintains a searchable database of every technology published since its inception. http://www.sti.nasa.gov/tto

1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
spinoff
NASA T e c h N o l o g i e S B e N e f i T S o c i e T y
2010

3. spinoff
Office of the Chief Technologist
2010
On the cover: During the STS-128 space shuttle mission, a space-walking
astronaut took this photograph of a portion of the International Space Station
(ISS) flying high above Earth’s glowing horizon. This year marks the 10th
anniversary of the ISS, and is also a year of beneficial spinoff technologies, as
highlighted by the smaller images lined up against the backdrop of space.
spinoff program office
nAsA Center for Aerospace information
Daniel Lockney, Editor
Bo Schwerin, Senior Writer
Lisa Rademakers, Writer
John Jones, Graphic Designer
Deborah Drumheller, Publications Specialist

4. Table of Contents
7 foreword
9 introduction
10 international space station spinoffs
20 Executive summary
30 nAsA Technologies Enhance our Lives on Earth
32 nAsA partnerships Across the nation
34 nAsA Technologies Benefiting society
Health and Medicine
Burnishing Techniques Strengthen Hip Implants ...............................................................38
Signal Processing Methods Monitor Cranial Pressure ..........................................................40
Ultraviolet-Blocking Lenses Protect, Enhance Vision ..........................................................42
Hyperspectral Systems Increase Imaging Capabilities ..........................................................44
Transportation
Programs Model the Future of Air Traffic Management ......................................................48
Tail Rotor Airfoils Stabilize Helicopters, Reduce Noise .......................................................50
Personal Aircraft Point to the Future of Transportation ......................................................52
Ducted Fan Designs Lead to Potential New Vehicles ..........................................................56
Winglets Save Billions of Dollars in Fuel Costs ...................................................................58
Sensor Systems Collect Critical Aerodynamics Data ............................................................60
Coatings Extend Life of Engines and Infrastructure ............................................................62
2 Table of Contents Spinoff 2010

5. public safety
Radiometers Optimize Local Weather Prediction ................................................................66
Energy-Efficient Systems Eliminate Icing Danger for UAVs ...............................................68
Rocket-Powered Parachutes Rescue Entire Planes ...............................................................70
Technologies Advance UAVs for Science, Military ..............................................................72
Inflatable Antennas Support Emergency Communication ...................................................74
Smart Sensors Assess Structural Health ...............................................................................76
Hand-Held Devices Detect Explosives and Chemical Agents ..............................................78
Terahertz Tools Advance Imaging for Security, Industry .....................................................80
Consumer Goods
LED Systems Target Plant Growth .....................................................................................84
Aerogels Insulate Against Extreme Temperatures ................................................................86
Image Sensors Enhance Camera Technologies ....................................................................90
Lightweight Material Patches Allow for Quick Repairs .......................................................92
Nanomaterials Transform Hairstyling Tools .......................................................................94
Do-It-Yourself Additives Recharge Auto Air Conditioning ................................................96
Spinoff 2010 Table of Contents 3

6. Environmental Resources
Systems Analyze Water Quality in Real Time ...................................................................100
Compact Radiometers Expand Climate Knowledge ..........................................................102
Energy Servers Deliver Clean, Affordable Power ...............................................................104
Solutions Remediate Contaminated Groundwater ............................................................106
Bacteria Provide Cleanup of Oil Spills, Wastewater ..........................................................108
Reflective Coatings Protect People and Animals ................................................................110
Computer Technology
Innovative Techniques Simplify Vibration Analysis ..........................................................114
Modeling Tools Predict Flow in Fluid Dynamics ..............................................................116
Verification Tools Secure Online Shopping, Banking .......................................................118
Toolsets Maintain Health of Complex Systems .................................................................120
Framework Resources Multiply Computing Power ...........................................................122
Tools Automate Spacecraft Testing, Operation .................................................................124
GPS Software Packages Deliver Positioning Solutions .......................................................126
Solid-State Recorders Enhance Scientific Data Collection .................................................128
Computer Models Simulate Fine Particle Dispersion ........................................................130
4 Table of Contents Spinoff 2010

7. industrial productivity
Composite Sandwich Technologies Lighten Components .................................................134
Cameras Reveal Elements in the Short Wave Infrared .......................................................136
Deformable Mirrors Correct Optical Distortions ..............................................................138
Stitching Techniques Advance Optics Manufacturing .......................................................140
Compact, Robust Chips Integrate Optical Functions ........................................................142
Fuel Cell Stations Automate Processes, Catalyst Testing ...................................................144
Onboard Systems Record Unique Videos of Space Missions .............................................146
Space Research Results Purify Semiconductor Materials ....................................................148
Toolkits Control Motion of Complex Robotics ................................................................150
152 Aeronautics and space Activities
178 Education news
188 partnership news
NASA Technology Award Winners .....................................................................................204
210 office of the Chief Technologist
Denotes that R&D Magazine has awarded the technology with its “R&D 100” award.
Indicates that the Space Foundation has inducted the technology into the Space Technology Hall of Fame.
Signifies that the technology has been named as a NASA “Invention of the Year.”
Designates that the software has been named as a NASA “Software of the Year.”
For a list of all Spinoff award winners since publication began in 1976, please see page 204.
Spinoff 2010 Table of Contents 5

8. DISCLAIMER: While NASA does not manufacture, market, or sell commercial products, many
commercial products are derived from NASA technology. Many NASA-originated technologies are
adapted by private industry for use by consumers like you. Spinoff developments highlighted in this
publication are based on information provided by individual and private industry users of NASA-
originated aerospace technology who acknowledge that such technology contributed wholly or in part to
development of the product or process described. NASA cannot accept responsibility or liability for the
misinterpretation or misrepresentation of the enclosed information provided by these third-party users.
Publication herein does not constitute NASA endorsement of the product or process, nor confirmation
of manufacturers’ performance claims related to any particular spinoff development.

9. Foreword
S
ince NASA’s inception in 1958, the Agency has been Since 1976, NASA has been documenting these Charles F. Bolden, Jr.
charged with ensuring its research and development spinoffs. It is an interesting and varied history. We are Administrator
activities can be shared and applied beyond the pleased to present to you this annual report on our latest National Aeronautics and
space community. NASA spinoffs are one result. These innovations and ways we are inspiring people beyond our Space Administration
are the technologies and products the Agency has success- science and exploration missions.
fully shared with industry, which in turn has developed We see it this way: NASA provides a spark of inspira-
and refined them for many benefits, including medical tion, a seed of technology, and then industry carries the
advances, a cleaner environment, safer households, and ball forward and transforms it into something the general
more convenience in our daily lives. public can use. Water purification technology origi-
NASA is always finding ways to bring the benefits nally developed for the International Space Station, for
of space exploration back to Earth. You will find NASA instance, can bring clean water to people in remote areas
in the average household in many ways. It might not be where there is none. The things we learn in the coming
obvious that the air purifier in a refrigerator or a hand- decade on the station and in the development of new
held cordless vacuum came about as a result of space systems for reaching deep space will have far-reaching
missions, but they did. benefits. In this sense, spinoffs are representative of the
In fact, NASA’s research and development has had a new era of global exploration.
major and positive impact on public welfare. Technologies The new age of exploration will require innova-
we can trace to the earliest days of the Space Program tive and robust technology development. NASA will
have improved water purification systems. NASA inno- continue to pursue fresh innovations and partnerships,
vations have brought us advanced home insulation and and the Agency’s renewed commitment to research and
development will bring benefits to people everywhere in
fire-resistant fabrics used by firefighters and soldiers.
the decades to come. We truly can make life better for
NASA technology can even be found in infant formula
everyone on the planet.
and modern semi truck design. The list is expansive. As
a Nation, we have received a significant return on our
investment in space, and we have advanced our capabili-
ties in many areas thanks to this ongoing flow of NASA
ideas and technology.
NASA defines a spinoff as a commercially available
product, service, or process that takes NASA-related
technology and brings it to a broader audience. While the
original purposes were mission-related, the technologies
now are filling needs in everyday life. From robotics-based
nutrition programs to better swimsuits and other sports
equipment, NASA innovation has advanced our standard
of living.
Spinoff 2010 Foreword 7

10. For over 50 years, NASA has created new technologies with direct benefit to the private sector, supporting global competition and the economy. The
resulting commercialization has contributed to products and services in the fields of health and medicine, transportation, public safety, consumer
goods, environmental resources, computer technology, and industry. Since 1976, NASA has featured these technologies in its Spinoff publication.

11. Introduction
A
s a research and development agency, NASA plays omy and around the globe, as the resulting commercial Dr. Robert D. Braun
a vital role in America’s innovation engine and, as products contributed to the development of services and Chief Technologist
such, its future economic prosperity and security. technologies in the fields of health and medicine, trans- National Aeronautics and
The President’s FY 2011 budget request for NASA is part portation, public safety, consumer goods, environmental Space Administration
of a larger national research and development effort in resources, computer technology, and industry.
science, technology, and innovation that will lead to new This year is no exception, as this latest edition of
products and services, new business and industries, and Spinoff reveals a wide range of public benefits. In the fol-
high-quality, sustainable jobs. NASA’s new technology lowing pages, you will find these noteworthy examples
and innovation investments are required to enable new and more:
approaches to NASA’s current aeronautics, science, and • Light sensors invented by NASA researchers provide
exploration missions and allow the Agency to pursue imaging capabilities for digital cameras, Web cameras, NASA’s new technology investments represent an
entirely new missions including sending humans into automotive cameras, and one of every three cell phone important aspect of our overall national investment in
deep space to compelling destinations such as near-Earth cameras on the planet. research, technology, and innovation, designed to stimu-
asteroids and Mars. In tandem with these technology late our economy, create new inventions and capabilities,
investments, NASA will continue to ensure an American • NASA funding supported the development of a whole and increase our global economic competitiveness. We
presence in space aboard the International Space Station aircraft parachute system that is now standard equip- predict that as the Agency continues to push technologi-
and empower a robust and competitive American com- ment on many of the world’s top-selling aircraft and cal boundaries and follow in its proud tradition of doing
mercial space program. has saved 246 lives to date. things that have never been done before—and sometimes
NASA’s new Space Technology programs will foster • Fuel cell technology originally devised for generating things that had never been thought possible—it will carry
cutting-edge, competitively sponsored research and tech- oxygen and fuel on Mars has been adapted to generate on producing new and exciting technologies that will, no
nology development efforts in academia, industry, the clean energy on Earth, providing an environmentally doubt, further improve our lives back here on Earth.
NASA Centers, and other government entities, rebuilding friendly, scalable power source for a host of Fortune While NASA’s research does indeed provide valu-
our core competencies and allowing innovative techno- 500 businesses. able scientific outcomes and clear public benefits, there
logical solutions to today’s challenges. These new space is perhaps another “spinoff” even more lucrative than
technology investments will create a more vital and pro- • Drag-reducing winglet technology—advanced and the benefits we see from these industry partnerships. As
ductive aerospace industry and address broader national proven by NASA researchers—now features on aircraft President Obama noted in an address to the National
needs, such as energy, health and wellness, and national around the world, saving the airline industry billions of Academy of Sciences, in which he invoked the many
security. dollars in fuel costs and significantly reducing carbon tangible benefits of the Nation’s investment in the Apollo
NASA’s technology, expertise, and facilities are already emissions. Program, “The enormous investment of that era—in
a valuable national asset with a long history of providing science and technology, in education and research
• Bacteria isolated for use in water-purifying technology
innovation and inspiration for the good of the American funding—produced a great outpouring of curiosity and
for the International Space Station is providing a
public. Since its first days, NASA has nurtured partner- creativity, the benefits of which have been incalculable.”
safe, environmentally sound method for oil spill
ships with the private sector to facilitate the transfer of its NASA’s investment in new technologies is also an
cleanup and for cleansing municipal and industrial
technologies to improve the lives of Americans and people investment in our country’s future. Today’s children will
wastewater.
around the world. be inspired by NASA’s bold new vision, and our new
Each year since 1976, NASA has chronicled some of These are just a few of the positive stories of NASA tech- technology and innovation emphasis will create a pipeline
the best examples of this successful technology transfer nologies leaving the laboratories to improve life on Earth of young engineers, scientists, and mathematicians to
in its premier journal, Spinoff. The remarkable outcomes and just some of the over 1,700 examples that have been serve our future national needs, inspiring wonder in a new
of these partnerships have reached throughout the econ- recorded in Spinoff over the years. generation, sparking passions, and launching careers.
Spinoff 2010 Introduction 9

12. International Space Station Spinoffs

13. for the past 10 years, people have been
continuously living in space, orbiting above Earth
aboard the international space station. Easily
the most complex spacecraft ever built and a
testament to international partnerships, the station
has taught us a lot about living in space, but it has
also yielded direct benefits here on Earth.

14. Spinoff Benefits from the International Space Station
O
n many nights, you can see the International anniversary of continuous habitation in orbit this
Space Station (ISS) whizzing by overhead. year. That means people have been living in space
You have to know just where to look, though, now for 10 years, approximately 220 miles above
and you have to be quick. It only takes the station us, passing overhead several times a day.
about 90 minutes to orbit the Earth, so it may only The floating laboratory, a cooperative effort between
be visible for a few minutes at a time. As it passes over 15 international partners and 5 space agencies, now
your head, know this: The ISS is marking its 10th supports a multicultural crew of 6. The 6 currently
NASA astronaut Tim Kopra (above)
trims Russian cosmonaut Roman
Romanenko’s hair in the Destiny
Laboratory of the International Space
Station (ISS). NASA astronaut Nicole
Stott looks on. Kopra used hair
clippers fashioned with a vacuum
device to garner freshly cut hair. The
ISS (left) is featured in this image
photographed by an STS-130
crewmember on Space Shuttle
Endeavour after the station and
shuttle began their separation.
12 International Space Station Spinoffs Spinoff 2010

15. Crewmembers onboard the ISS share a meal in the Unity Node. Pictured from the left (bottom) are NASA astronauts Rick Sturckow,
STS-128 commander; Tim Kopra and Jose Hernandez, both STS-128 mission specialists; along with Kevin Ford, STS-128 pilot; and
John “Danny” Olivas (mostly out of frame at right), STS-128 mission specialist. Pictured from the left (top, partially out of frame) are
NASA astronaut Nicole Stott and Canadian Space Agency astronaut Robert Thirsk, both Expedition 20 flight engineers; along with
NASA astronaut Patrick Forrester, STS-128 mission specialist.
Astronaut Nicole Stott, Expedition 20 flight engineer, participates
on-orbit are just some of the nearly 200 astronauts, The ISS is the most advanced spacecraft ever built, in the STS-128 mission’s first session of extravehicular activity as
construction and maintenance continue on the ISS.
cosmonauts, and space tourists who have ventured to the and unlike the space race of the 1960s that culminated
station, a spacecraft that over the last decade has grown with American astronauts landing on the Moon, this is an
Ten Years in the Making
to a massive 800,000 pounds, with a habitable volume of international partnership, a team effort. In addition to sta-
more than 12,000 cubic feet. Approximately the size of a tion assembly, the international partner agencies (NASA, Construction of the ISS began when the Zarya
five-bedroom house, this remarkable testament to human the Canadian Space Agency, the European Space Agency, Control Module was launched atop a Russian rocket
will and engineering prowess uses sophisticated systems to the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and the Russian from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, on November
generate solar electricity and recycles much of its of water Federal Space Agency) train and launch crews and provide 20, 1998. The Zarya module provides battery power, fuel
(nearly 85 percent) and oxygen supply. ground support for the orbiting research facility. storage, and rendezvous and docking capability for Soyuz
Spinoff 2010 International Space Station Spinoffs 13

16. The U.S.-built Unity connecting module and the Russian-
built Zarya module are backdropped against the blackness
of space in this photograph taken December 1988 from the
Space Shuttle Endeavour. After devoting the major portion of
its mission time to ready the two docked modules for their ISS
roles, the six-member STS-88 crew released the tandem and
performed a fly-around survey of the hardware.
and Progress space vehicles. Just a few days later, on
December 4, 1998, the U.S.-built Unity node launched
Against Earth’s horizon, the ISS is seen following its undocking with the Space Shuttle Atlantis in September 2000. After
aboard Space Shuttle Endeavor. During three spacewalks, accomplishing all mission objectives in outfitting the station for the first resident crew, the seven astronauts and cosmonauts
the crew connected power and data transmission cables undocked and snapped this picture.
between Unity and Zarya. The Unity node had two pres-
surized adapters, one of which was permanently affixed carried an Italian-built component, the Leonardo structure for enabling spacewalks, stowage racks and life
to the Russian unit, the other was designed for space Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, the first of three large support systems, racks for experiments, and Canadarm2,
station docking. Inside Unity were a series of additional modules designed to serve as moving vans for the station. a robotic arm that would prove useful for future station
ports and passageways, each with a sign designating where Approximately 21 feet in length and 15 feet in diameter, assembly. The next handful of missions involved delivery
additional modules would be attached. these canisters can be carted back and forth between Earth and assembly of the truss systems and solar arrays and the
In October 2000, approximately 2 years after assembly and the station in the cargo bay of the space shuttles, or rotation of more crews.
began, the first crew to live on the station launched aboard can serve as workable living space aboard the station. Delivery of large structural components to the station
a Soyuz spacecraft. With the Soyuz capsule docked, the With delivery of the first module came the second crew to was interrupted for a 3-year period following the loss
crew, referred to as Expedition 1, had a way to return live aboard the station, Expedition 2. This was followed of Space Shuttle Columbia and her crew after the craft
back home. In March 2001, Space Shuttle Discovery by a series of additional shuttle deliveries, including infra- disintegrated during atmospheric reentry in early 2003.
14 International Space Station Spinoffs Spinoff 2010

17. Backdropped by Earth dotted with clouds, this close-up view
of the ISS was taken by one of the crewmembers on the Space
Shuttle Discovery after undocking in August 2001 after more
than a week of joint operations.
With Earth’s horizon and the blackness of space in the background, the ISS is seen in September 2009 from Space Shuttle Discovery
During this time, the Russian Soyuz crafts continued to as the two spacecraft begin their separation after the STS-128 and Expedition 20 crew concluded 9 days of cooperative work
ferry expedition crews back and forth between Earth and onboard the shuttle and station.
the orbiting laboratory.
It was not until the space shuttles were again flying in In 2008, Space Shuttle Endeavour delivered supplies Section, providing a “front porch” for the facility where
2005 that construction of the orbiting laboratory truly and equipment, including additional crew quarters, astronauts could conduct experiments outside of the
resumed. With the return to flight came designation of exercise equipment, equipment for the regenerative life spacecraft.
the U.S. portion of the ISS as a national laboratory by support system, and spare hardware, inside the Leonardo NASA then delivered life support and science racks. In
Congress as part of the 2005 NASA Authorization Act, November 2009, the space shuttle made its last delivery
Multi-Purpose Logistics Module. The 2008 mission also
of crewmembers to the ISS.
signaling a renewed dedication to full utilization of this saw delivery of parts for Kibo. In 2009, the ISS Program received the Collier Trophy,
structure for science projects. Additional truss segments In May 2009, the STS-119 crew of Space Shuttle considered by many to be the top award in aviation. In
followed, as did several large solar arrays. These were fol- Discovery delivered and installed the ISS’s final, major 2010 it also received the Aviation Week “Space Laureate
lowed by installation of the Harmony Node 2, which in U.S. truss segment, Starboard 6, and its final pair of Award.” Perhaps more significant, though, is that 10 years
addition to creating extra work space provided couplings power-generating solar arrays. Later that year, astronauts of assembly is coming to an end, Congress has extended
for connecting the European Columbus Laboratory and attached the Kibo Japanese Experiment Module Exposed the life of the station, and full-time scientific experimen-
the Japanese Kibo Laboratory. Facility and Experiment Logistics Module Exposed tation will now begin in earnest.
Spinoff 2010 International Space Station Spinoffs 15

18. Current research aboard the ISS is steadily progress- in space that show promise for producing biofuels that international space station spinoffs
ing, such as experiments to understand the muscular can be used as energy sources for future space missions
deterioration of astronauts’ hearts in the reduced gravity or here on Earth. More on these projects in progress, and High above Earth, the ISS provides a research plat-
environment, which will add to the understanding of heart additional information about recent missions, expedi- form where nearly 150 experiments are underway. Over
function here on Earth, particularly among patients who tions, and assembly can be found in the Space Operations the years, more than 400 experiments have been con-
are confined to beds for long periods of time or wheelchair Mission Directorate portion of the Aeronautics and Space ducted. Taking advantage of the unique environment
bound; and experiments to grow and harvest new crops Activities chapter, starting on page 172. of microgravity, these experiments cover a wide variety
of disciplines, including human life sciences, biological
science, human physiology, physical and material sci-
ence, and Earth and space science. These experiments
are developing new ways to fight disease, advances in
understanding food-borne illnesses, growing crops for
alternative energy usage, and the development of superior
materials for use in both space and on Earth.
Many of the technologies developed for the ISS have
resulted in practical, tangible benefits that we find here
on Earth.
Bioreactors Advance Disease Treatments
A NASA device used to cultivate healthy cell tissues
for space station and Earth experiments is now enhancing
medical research. Treatments developed using bioreactor-
grown cells may be used to counter conditions like heart
disease, diabetes, and sickle cell anemia (Spinoff 2009).
image-Capture Devices Extend Medicine’s
Reach
An ISS experiment led to the development of medi-
cal ultrasound diagnostic techniques for long-distance
use. Technology created to capture and transmit these
ultrasound results over the Internet allows patients from
professional athletes to mountain climbers to receive
medical attention as soon as needed (Spinoff 2009).
Resistance systems provide Healthy
Workouts
Developed to help astronauts perform vital exercise
Remote ultrasound procedures provide for medical diagnoses to areas as far-flung as Mount Everest and the ISS—miles from during long stays on the ISS, stretching elastomer tech-
professional medical personnel. nology now serves as an effective source of resistance
16 International Space Station Spinoffs Spinoff 2010

19. for workout machines on Earth, replicating the feel and system. The sterile environment allows plants to grow
results—but not the unwieldy bulk—of free weights disease-free, with 98-percent less water, and no pesticides
(Spinoff 2001). (Spinoff 2006).
programmable ovens Let You start Dinner systems Make Automobile Testing More
from the Web Accurate
Engineers who designed the ISS Electric Power System Automobile safety testing improved when a NASA
created “embedded Web technology” which allows users charge coupled device camera—originally designed to
to control devices remotely, including a commercial oven. track bar codes on parts for the robotic assembly of the
With both heating and cooling capabilities, this oven can ISS—was combined with a newly developed synthetic
refrigerate a prepared dish until the programmable cook- mask skin covering for crash test dummies. As a combined
ing cycle begins, allowing dinner to be perfectly cooked system, the technologies provide more precise, repeatable
when the user arrives home (Spinoff 2005). predictions of laceration injuries sustained in automobile
accidents (Spinoff 2002).
Aeroponic Gardens Help plants Grow
faster and Healthier
Studies into ways to keep astronaut’s muscles toned while living
A soil-less plant-growth experiment that proved
in microgravity conditions led to improved resistance training
devices (above) here on Earth. An oven (below) that allows users healthy plant growth without the use of pesticides has
to remotely control cooking times owes its brains to software enabled the development of a commercial aeroponic
designed to allow astronauts to operate experiments from
anywhere on the ISS.
Experiments into growing plants as food sources for long-
duration space flight have resulted in new methods for Components of a camera designed to aid robotic assembly
gardening here on Earth, techniques that enable plants to of the ISS have been used to analyze injuries on crash test
develop strong, healthy roots, with a minimal amount of soil. dummies, enabling engineers to design safer automobiles.
Spinoff 2010 International Space Station Spinoffs 17

20. Air purifiers Eliminate pathogens, preserve portable system Warns of Dangerous
food pressure Changes
NASA research into sustaining perishable foods for The Personal Cabin Pressure Altitude Monitor
long-duration space missions resulted in the development and Warning System is a hand-held, personal safety
of an air-cleaning device that eliminates airborne bacteria, device to warn pilots of potentially dangerous or
mold, fungi, mycotoxins, viruses, volatile organic com- deteriorating cabin pressure altitude conditions before
pounds, and odors (Spinoff 2009). hypoxia becomes a threat. It was designed as a backup
device for ISS crewmembers. Applications beyond
aviation and aerospace include scuba diving, skydiving,
mountain climbing, meteorology, altitude chambers, and
underwater habitats (Spinoff 2003).
iss Materials Research Leads to improved
Golf Clubs
A material designed for the space station aided in
the development of Zeemet, a proprietary shape memory
alloy for the golf industry. The Nicklaus Golf Company
created a line of golf clubs using Zeemet inserts. Its
super-elastic and high-damping attributes translate into
more spin on the ball, greater control, and a solid feel
(Spinoff 1997).
Robotics offer newfound surgical
Capabilities
Robotics designed for intricate repairs on the ISS find
many industry uses, including a minimally invasive knee
The water recycling system designed for the ISS led to the
surgery procedure, where its precision control makes it development of a rugged, portable device that can bring clean
ideal for inserting a very small implant (Spinoff 2008). water to remote areas of the planet.
Life support system Recycles Water LEDs Alleviate pain, speed Rehabilitation
A water filtration system providing safe, affordable Tiny light-emitting diode (LED) chips used to grow
drinking water throughout the world is the result of plants on the ISS are used for wound healing and chronic
work by NASA engineers who created the Regenerative pain alleviation on Earth and have been successfully
Environmental Control and Life Support System, a com- applied in cases of pediatric brain tumors and the preven-
A robotic hand designed for conducting precision repairs on the plex system of devices intended to sustain the astronauts tion of oral mucositis in bone marrow transplant patients
ISS has found applications in surgical settings here on Earth. living on the ISS (Spinoff 2006). (Spinoff 2008).
18 International Space Station Spinoffs Spinoff 2010

21. Studies into astronaut exercise in space led to the development of a rehabilitation device that applies air pressure to a patient’s lower
body in order to unload weight, which reduces the stress placed on the lower body during rehabilitation.
food supplement Reduces fat, improves surroundings equivalent to the image on a 5-foot televi-
flavor sion screen 4 feet from the viewer. For many people with
Using LED lights for plant growth experiments led to the
low vision, it eases everyday activities such as reading,
Extending the shelf life of food while still preserving watching TV, and shopping. Researchers used NASA
development of a device proven to aid in the treatment of injuries.
flavor—key factors for long-duration space flight—led to technology for computer processing of satellite images
‘Anti-Gravity’ Treadmills speed the development of a fat substitute intended for use as and head-mounted vision enhancement systems originally
a partial replacement for animal fat in beef patties and intended for the space station (Spinoff 1995). ❖
Rehabilitation
other normally high-fat meat products. The substitute
Research into the biomechanics of exercise, using dif- can also be used in soups, sauces, bakery items, and des-
ferential air pressure in space to mimic the Earth’s gravity serts (Spinoff 2007).
to prevent bone loss and muscle deterioration, led to the
Head-Mounted system Aids Vision
development of a treadmill that is now aiding patients
with various neurological or musculoskeletal conditions The Low Vision Enhancement System is a video
(Spinoff 2009). headset that offers people with low vision a view of their
Spinoff 2010 International Space Station Spinoffs 19

22. Executive Summary

23. in accordance with congressional mandates cited in the national
Aeronautics and space Act of 1958 and the Technology Utilization Act of
1962, nAsA has nurtured partnerships with the private sector to facilitate
the transfer of Agency-developed technologies for the greater good of the
public. These partnerships fuel economic and technological development
nationally and globally, resulting in commercial products and services
enabled on Earth by nAsA’s missions to the stars. since 1976, nAsA Spinoff
has profiled the most compelling of these technologies, annually highlighting
the best and brightest of partnerships and innovations in the fields of health
and medicine, transportation, public safety, consumer goods, environmental
resources, computer technology, and industrial productivity.

24. Executive Summary
N
ASA Spinoff highlights the Agency’s Tomo Federal Services LLC, licenses of 10 U.S. and is widely used in medical and life sciences,
most significant research and devel- patents and 1 domestic patent application related defense and security, forensics, and microscopy.
opment activities and the successful to HHT were sold to DynaDx Corporation, of page 44
transfer of NASA technology, showcasing the Mountain View, California. DynaDx is now
cutting-edge research being done by the Nation’s using the licensed NASA technology for medical
top technologists and the practical benefits that diagnosis and prediction of brain blood flow- Transportation
come back down to Earth in the form of tangible related problems, such as stroke, dementia, and
products that make our lives better. The benefits traumatic brain injury. programs Model the future of Air
featured in this year’s issue include: page 40 Traffic Management
Through Small Business Innovation Research
Health and Medicine Ultraviolet-Blocking Lenses (SBIR) contracts with Ames Research Center,
protect, Enhance Vision Intelligent Automation Inc., based in Rockville,
Burnishing Techniques strengthen To combat the harmful properties of light Maryland, advanced specialized software the
in space, as well as that of artificial radiation company had begun developing with U.S.
Hip implants
produced during laser and welding work, Department of Defense funding. The agent-
In the late 1990s, Lambda Research Inc., of
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) scientists based infrastructure now allows NASA’s Airspace
Cincinnati, Ohio, received Small Business
developed a lens capable of absorbing, filtering, Concept Evaluation System to explore ways
Innovation Research (SBIR) awards from Glenn
and scattering the dangerous light while not of improving the utilization of the National
Research Center to demonstrate low plasticity
obstructing vision. SunTiger Inc.—now Eagle Airspace System (NAS), providing flexible
burnishing (LPB) on metal engine components.
Eyes Optics, of Calabasas, California—was modeling of every part of the NAS down to
By producing a thermally stable deep layer of
formed to market a full line of sunglasses based individual planes, airports, control centers, and
compressive residual stress, LPB significantly
on the JPL discovery that promised 100-percent even weather. The software has been licensed to
strengthened turbine alloys. After Lambda
elimination of harmful wavelengths and a number of aerospace and robotics customers,
patented the process, the Federal Aviation
enhanced visual clarity. The technology was and has even been used to model the behavior
Administration accepted LPB for repair and
recently inducted into the Space Technology of crowds.
alteration of commercial aircraft components,
Hall of Fame. page 48
the U.S. Department of Energy found LPB
page 42
suitable for treating nuclear waste containers Tail Rotor Airfoils stabilize
at Yucca Mountain. Data from the U.S. Food Hyperspectral systems increase Helicopters, Reduce noise
and Drug Administration confirmed LPB to
imaging Capabilities Founded by former Ames Research Center
completely eliminate the occurrence of fretting
In 1983, NASA started developing hyperspectral engineer Jim Van Horn, Van Horn Aviation
fatigue failures in modular hip implants.
systems to image in the ultraviolet and infrared of Tempe, Arizona, built upon a Langley
page 38
wavelengths. In 2001, the first on-orbit Research Center airfoil design to create a high
signal processing Methods Monitor hyperspectral imager, Hyperion, was launched performance aftermarket tail rotor for the
aboard the Earth Observing-1 spacecraft. Based popular Bell 206 helicopter. The highly durable
Cranial pressure
on the hyperspectral imaging sensors used rotor has a lifetime twice that of the original
Dr. Norden Huang, of Goddard Space Flight
in Earth observation satellites, Stennis Space equipment manufacturer blade, reduces noise by
Center, invented a set of algorithms (called
Center engineers and Institute for Technology 40 percent, and displays enhanced performance
the Hilbert-Huang Transform, or HHT) for
Development researchers collaborated on at high altitudes. These improvements benefit
analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary signals
a new design that was smaller and used an helicopter performance for law enforcement,
that developed into a user-friendly signal
improved scanner. Featured in Spinoff 2007, the military training, wildfire and pipeline patrols,
processing technology for analyzing time-varying
technology is now exclusively licensed by Themis and emergency medical services.
processes. At an auction managed by Ocean
Vision Systems LLC, of Richmond, Virginia, page 50
22 Executive Summary Spinoff 2010

25. personal Aircraft point to the Winglets save Billions of Dollars in Coatings Extend Life of Engines
future of Transportation fuel Costs and infrastructure
NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research The upturned ends now featured on many MesoCoat Inc., of Euclid, Ohio, collaborated
(SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer airplane wings are saving airlines billions of with Glenn Research Center to provide thermal
(STTR) programs, as well as a number of Agency dollars in fuel costs. Called winglets, the drag- barrier coating (TBC) technology, developed by
innovations, have helped Duluth, Minnesota- reducing technology was advanced through the Glenn researcher Dongming Zhu, to enhance the
based Cirrus Design Corporation become one research of Langley Research Center engineer lifespan and performance of engines in U.S. Air
Richard Whitcomb and through flight tests Force legacy aircraft. The TBC reduces thermal
of the world’s leading manufacturers of general
conducted at Dryden Flight Research Center. stresses on engine parts, increasing component
aviation aircraft. SBIRs with Langley Research
life by 50 percent. MesoCoat is also producing
Center provided the company with cost-effective Seattle-based Aviation Partners Boeing—a
metal cladding technology that may soon provide
composite airframe manufacturing methods, partnership between Aviation Partners Inc., of
similar life-lengthening benefits for the Nation’s
while crashworthiness testing at the Center Seattle, and The Boeing Company, of Chicago—
infrastructure. Through a Space Act Agreement
increased the safety of its airplanes. Other NASA- manufactures Blended Winglets, a unique design with Glenn, the company employs the Center’s
derived technologies on Cirrus SR20 and SR22 featured on Boeing aircraft around the world. high-density infrared arc lamp system to bond
aircraft include synthetic vision systems that These winglets have saved more than 2 billion its cladding materials for demonstration
help pilots navigate and full-plane parachutes gallons of jet fuel to date, representing a cost- prototypes; the coating technology can prevent
that have saved the lives of more than 30 Cirrus savings of more than $4 billion and a reduction corrosion on metal beams, pipes, and rebar for
pilots and passengers to date. Today, the SR22 of almost 21.5 million tons in carbon dioxide up to 100 years.
is the world’s top-selling Federal Aviation emissions. page 62
Administration (FAA)-certified single-engine page 58
airplane. Public Safety
page 52 sensor systems Collect Critical
Aerodynamics Data Radiometers optimize Local
Ducted fan Designs Lead to With the support of Small Business Innovation Weather prediction
potential new Vehicles Research (SBIR) contracts with Dryden Flight Radiometrics Corporation, headquartered in
In 1994, aerospace engineers Rob Bulaga and Research Center, Tao of Systems Integration Boulder, Colorado, engaged in Small Business
Mike Moshier formed Trek Aerospace Inc., Inc. developed sensors and other components Innovation Research (SBIR) agreements with
based in Folsom, California, to develop personal that will ultimately form a first-of-its-kind, Glenn Research Center that resulted in a
air vehicles using a novel ducted fan design. closed-loop system for detecting, measuring, and pencil-beam radiometer designed to detect
The company relied on Ames Research Center supercooled liquid along flight paths—a prime
controlling aerodynamic forces and moments in
for a great deal of testing, the results of which indicator of dangerous icing conditions. The
flight. The Hampton, Virginia-based company
company has brought to market a modular
have provided greater lift, lowered weight, more commercialized three of the four planned
radiometer that resulted from the SBIR work.
power, and improved maneuverability. The components, which provide sensing solutions Radiometrics’ radiometers are used around the
technology has been applied to three models: the for customers such as Boeing, General Electric, world as key tools for detecting icing conditions
Dragonfly UMR-1, the Springtail EFV, and the and BMW and are used for applications such near airports and for the prediction of weather
OVIWUN, a small-scale version that is for sale as improving wind turbine operation and conditions like fog and convective storms, which
through the company’s Web site. It is safer than optimizing air flow from air conditioning are known to produce hail, strong winds, flash
a manned vehicle, and its size makes it relatively systems. The completed system may one floods, and tornadoes. They are also employed
difficult for it to damage itself during test flights day enable flexible-wing aircraft with flight for oceanographic research and soil moisture
the way a larger mass, faster craft could. capabilities like those of birds. studies.
page 56 page 60 page 66
Spinoff 2010 Executive Summary 23

26. Energy-Efficient systems Eliminate crafting airframe components for the Global development of structural health monitoring
icing Danger for UAVs Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) program. systems. In 2001, Acellent Technologies
Ames Research Center engineer Leonard Haslim While one third of the company’s workforce Inc., of Sunnyvale, California, received Small
invented an anti-icing technology called an focuses on Global Hawk production, the Business Innovation Research (SBIR) funding
electroexpulsive separation system, which uses rest of the company develops advanced UAV from Marshall Space Flight Center to develop
mechanical force to shatter potentially dangerous technologies that are redefining traditional a hybrid Stanford Multi-Actuator Receiver
ice buildup on an aircraft surface. Temecula, approaches to unmanned aviation. Since the Transduction (SMART) Layer for aerospace
California-based Ice Management Systems (now company’s founding, Aurora’s cutting-edge vehicles and structures. As a result, Acellent
known as IMS-ESS) licensed the technology work has been supported with funding from expanded the technology’s capability and now
from Ames and has discovered a niche market NASA’s Small Business Innovation Research sells it to aerospace and automotive companies;
for the lightweight, energy-efficient technology: (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer construction, energy, and utility companies; and
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). IMS-ESS (STTR) programs.
the defense, space, transportation, and energy
systems now prevent damaging ice accumulation page 72
industries for structural condition monitoring,
on military UAVs, allowing the vehicles to carry damage detection, crack growth monitoring, and
out crucial missions year round. inflatable Antennas support
Emergency Communication other applications.
page 68
Glenn Research Center awarded Small Business page 76
Rocket-powered parachutes Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts to
Rescue Entire planes ManTech SRS Technologies, of Newport Hand-Held Devices Detect
Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Beach, California, to develop thin film inflatable Explosives and Chemical Agents
contracts with Langley Research Center helped antennas for space communication. With Ion Applications Inc., of West Palm Beach,
BRS Aerospace, of Saint Paul, Minnesota, to additional funding, SRS modified the concepts Florida, partnered with Ames Research Center
develop technology that has saved 246 lives to for ground-based inflatable antennas. GATR through Small Business Innovation Research
date. The company’s whole aircraft parachute (Ground Antenna Transmit and Receive) (SBIR) agreements to develop a miniature
systems deploy in less than 1 second thanks to Technologies, of Huntsville, Alabama, licensed version ion mobility spectrometer (IMS). While
solid rocket motors and are capable of arresting the technology and refined it to become the
NASA was interested in the instrument for
the descent of a small aircraft, lowering it safely world’s first inflatable antenna certified by
detecting chemicals during exploration of distant
to the ground. BRS has sold more than 30,000 the Federal Communications Commission.
planets, moons, and comets, the company has
systems worldwide, and the technology is now Capable of providing Internet access, voice over
incorporated the technology into a commercial
standard equipment on many of the world’s top- Internet protocol, e-mail, video teleconferencing,
broadcast television, and other high-bandwidth hand-held IMS device for use by the military
selling aircraft. Parachutes for larger airplanes are
communications, the systems have provided and other public safety organizations. Capable
in the works.
communication during the wildfires in of detecting and identifying molecules with
page 70
California, after Hurricane Katrina in Mississippi, part-per-billion sensitivity, the technology now
Technologies Advance UAVs for and following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. provides soldiers with portable explosives and
science, Military page 74 chemical warfare agent detection. The device
A Space Act Agreement with Goddard Space is also being adapted for detecting drugs and
Flight Center and West Virginia University smart sensors Assess structural is employed in industrial processes such as
enabled Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, Health semiconductor manufacturing.
of Manassas, Virginia, to develop cost-effective NASA frequently inspects launch vehicles, page 78
composite manufacturing capabilities and open fuel tanks, and other components for structural
a facility in West Virginia. The company now damage. To perform quick evaluation
employs 160 workers at the plant, tasked with and monitoring, the Agency pursues the
24 Executive Summary Spinoff 2010

27. Terahertz Tools Advance imaging Kennedy Space Center awarded Small Business recently, healable polymer matrix composites for
for security, industry Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts to Aspen future space vehicles. One of its earlier SBIR
Picometrix, a wholly owned subsidiary of Systems Inc., of Marlborough, Massachusetts, contracts, with Kennedy Space Center, led to the
Advanced Photonix Inc. (API), of Ann Arbor, that resulted in a new manufacturing process development of a new type of structural patch
Michigan, invented the world’s first commercial and a new flexible, durable, easy-to-use form of for a variety of consumer uses: Rubbn’Repair, for
terahertz system. The company improved the aerogel. Aspen Systems formed Aspen Aerogels automotive uses; and Rec’Repair for the outdoors
portability and capabilities of their systems Inc., in Northborough, Massachusetts, to and adventure market. Both are flexible, heat-
through Small Business Innovation Research market the product, and by 2009, the company activated structural patches.
(SBIR) agreements with Langley Research had become the leading provider of aerogel in page 92
Center to provide terahertz imaging capabilities the United States, producing nearly 20 million
for inspecting the space shuttle external tanks square feet per year. With an array of commercial nanomaterials Transform
and orbiters. Now API’s systems make use applications, the NASA-derived aerogel has most Hairstyling Tools
of the unique imaging capacity of terahertz recently been applied to protect and insulate Dr. Dennis Morrison, a former scientist at
radiation on manufacturing floors, for thickness people’s hands and feet. Johnson Space Center, conducted research on
measurements of coatings, pharmaceutical tablet page 86 microcapsules that were developed in space and
production, and even art conservation. designed to deliver drugs to cancerous tumors.
page 80 image sensors Enhance Camera This work led to research on nanoceramic
Technologies materials, and in 2001, Morrison shared his
In the 1990s, a Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Consumer Goods expertise with Farouk Shami, the owner of
team led by Eric Fossum researched ways Farouk Systems Inc., of Houston, Texas. After
LED systems Target plant Growth of improving complementary metal-oxide learning more, Shami developed a ceramic
To help develop technologies for growing edible semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors in order composite for his CHI (Cationic Hydration
biomass (food crops) in space, Kennedy Space to miniaturize cameras on spacecraft while Interlink) hairstyling irons, brushes, nail
Center partnered with Orbital Technologies maintaining scientific image quality. Fossum’s lacquers, and hair dryers. Morrison also used
Corporation (ORBITEC), of Madison, team founded a company to commercialize the his NASA research expertise as a platform to
Wisconsin, through the Small Business resulting CMOS active pixel sensor. Now called incorporate nanosilver and near-infrared light
Innovation Research (SBIR) program. One the Aptina Imaging Corporation, based in San into the products.
result of this research was the High Efficiency Jose, California, the company has shipped over page 94
Lighting with Integrated Adaptive Control 1 billion sensors for use in applications such as
(HELIAC) system, components of which have digital cameras, camera phones, Web cameras, Do-it-Yourself Additives Recharge
been incorporated into a variety of agricultural and automotive cameras. Today, one of every Auto Air Conditioning
greenhouse and consumer aquarium lighting three cell phone cameras on the planet feature In planning for a return mission to the Moon,
features. The new lighting systems can be adapted Aptina’s sensor technology. NASA aimed to improve the thermal control
to a specific plant species during a specific page 90 systems that keep astronauts comfortable and cool
growth stage, allowing maximum efficiency in while inside a spacecraft. Goddard Space Flight
light absorption by all available photosynthetic Lightweight Material patches Allow Center awarded a Small Business Innovation
tissues. for Quick Repairs Research (SBIR) contract to Mainstream
page 84 Cornerstone Research Group Inc., of Dayton, Engineering Corporation, of Rockledge, Florida,
Ohio, has been the recipient of 16 Small to develop a chemical/mechanical heat pump.
Aerogels insulate Against Extreme Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts While working on the design, Mainstream
Temperatures with NASA with a variety of different focuses, Engineering came up with a unique liquid
In 1992, NASA started to pursue the including projects like creating inflatable additive called QwikBoost to enhance the
development of aerogel for cryogenic insulation. structures for radio frequency antennas and, most performance of the advanced heat pump design.
Spinoff 2010 Executive Summary 25

28. IDQ Inc., of Garland, Texas, exclusively licensed two lightweight radiometers commercially. around the world and is, to date, NASA’s most-
the technology and incorporates it into its line Government research agencies, university licensed technology.
of Arctic Freeze products for automotive air research groups, and large corporations around page 106
conditioning applications. the world are using the devices for mapping soil
page 96 moisture, ocean salinity, and wind speed. Bacteria provide Cleanup of oil
page 102
spills, Wastewater
Through Small Business Innovation Research
Environmental Resources Energy servers Deliver Clean, (SBIR) contracts with Marshall Space Flight
Affordable power Center, Micro-Bac International Inc., of Round
systems Analyze Water Quality in K.R. Sridhar developed a fuel cell device for Rock, Texas, developed a phototrophic cell
Real Time Ames Research Center, that could use solar for water purification in space. Inside the cell:
A water analyzer developed under Small power to split water into oxygen for breathing millions of photosynthetic bacteria. Micro-
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts and hydrogen for fuel on Mars. Sridhar saw the Bac proceeded to commercialize the bacterial
with Kennedy Space Center now monitors potential of the technology, when reversed, to formulation it developed for the SBIR project.
treatment processes at water and wastewater create clean energy on Earth. He founded Bloom The formulation is now used for the remediation
facilities around the world. Originally designed Energy, of Sunnyvale, California, to advance the of wastewater systems and waste from livestock
to provide real-time detection of nutrient levels technology. Today, the Bloom Energy Server is farms and food manufacturers. Strains of the
in hydroponic solutions for growing plants in providing cost-effective, environmentally friendly SBIR-derived bacteria also feature in microbial
space, the ChemScan analyzer, produced by ASA energy to a host of companies such as eBay,
solutions that treat environmentally damaging oil
Analytics Inc., of Waukesha, Wisconsin, utilizes Google, and The Coca-Cola Company. Bloom’s
spills, such as that resulting from the catastrophic
spectrometry and chemometric algorithms to NASA-derived Energy Servers generate energy
2010 Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion in the
automatically analyze multiple parameters in that is about 67-percent cleaner than a typical
Gulf of Mexico.
the water treatment process with little need coal-fired power plant when using fossil fuels and
page 108
for maintenance, calibration, or operator 100-percent cleaner with renewable fuels.
intervention. The company has experienced page 104 Reflective Coatings protect people
a compound annual growth rate of 40 percent
solutions Remediate Contaminated and Animals
over its 15-year history as a direct result of the
Groundwater Led by Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA
technology’s success.
During the Apollo Program, NASA workers engineers called upon National Metalizing of
page 100
used chlorinated solvents to clean rocket engine Cranbury, New Jersey, to help create a reflective
Compact Radiometers Expand components at launch sites. These solvents, sunshield to deploy on Skylab in place of a shield
Climate Knowledge known as dense non-aqueous phase liquids, had that was lost during launch in 1973. Years later,
To gain a better understanding of Earth’s water, contaminated launch facilities to the point of a former employee for National Metalizing
energy, and carbon cycles, NASA plans to embark near-irreparability. Dr. Jacqueline Quinn and founded Advanced Flexible Materials (AFM)
on the Soil Moisture Active and Passive mission Dr. Kathleen Brooks Loftin of Kennedy Space Inc., of Petaluma, California, and utilized the
in 2015. To prepare, Goddard Space Flight Center partnered with researchers from the radiant barrier technology in the public domain
Center provided Small Business Innovation University of Central Florida’s chemistry and to produce a variety of products such as wraps to
Research (SBIR) funding to ProSensing Inc., of engineering programs to develop technology keep marathon finishers safe from hypothermia
Amherst, Massachusetts, to develop a compact capable of remediating the area without great as well as a lining for mittens and vests. Recently,
ultrastable radiometer for sea surface salinity and cost or further environmental damage. They the material helped to keep manatees warm as
soil moisture mapping. ProSensing incorporated called the new invention Emulsified Zero-Valent they were lifted from the water as part of a tag-
small, low-cost, high-performance elements Iron (EZVI). The groundwater remediation and-release program.
into just a few circuit boards and now offers compound is cleaning up polluted areas all page 110
26 Executive Summary Spinoff 2010

29. Computer Technology Verification Tools secure online (now FusionGeo Inc., of The Woodlands,
shopping, Banking Texas) to demonstrate a virtual computer
Just like rover or rocket technology sent environment that linked geographically dispersed
innovative Techniques simplify
into space, the software that controls these computer systems over the Internet to help
Vibration Analysis solve large computational problems. By adding
technologies must be extensively tested to ensure
In the early years of development, Marshall Space to an existing product, FusionGeo enabled access
reliability and effectiveness. Ames Research
Flight Center engineers encountered challenges Center invented the open-source Java Pathfinder to resources for calculation- or data-intensive
related to components in the space shuttle main (JPF) toolset for the deep testing of Java-based applications whenever and wherever they were
engine. To assess the problems, they evaluated programs. Fujitsu Labs of America Inc., based in needed. Commercially available as Accelerated
the effects of vibration and oscillation. To Sunnyvale, California, improved the capabilities Imaging and Modeling, the product is
enhance the method of vibration signal analysis, of the JPF Symbolic Pathfinder tool, establishing used by oil companies and seismic service
Marshall awarded Small Business Innovation the tool as a means of thoroughly testing the companies, which require large processing and
Research (SBIR) contracts to AI Signal Research, functionality and security of Web-based Java data storage capacities.
Inc. (ASRI), in Huntsville, Alabama. ASRI applications such as those used for Internet page 122
developed a software package called PC-SIGNAL shopping and banking.
that NASA now employs on a daily basis, and in page 118 Tools Automate spacecraft Testing,
2009, the PKP-Module won Marshall’s “Software operation
Toolsets Maintain Health of NASA began the Small Explorer (SMEX)
of the Year” award. The technology is also used
in many industries: aircraft and helicopter,
Complex systems program to develop spacecraft to advance
First featured in Spinoff 2001, Qualtech Systems astrophysics and space physics. As one of the
rocket engine manufacturing, transportation,
Inc. (QSI), of Wethersfield, Connecticut, adapted entities supporting software development at
and nuclear power. its Testability, Engineering, and Maintenance
page 114 Goddard Space Flight Center, the Hammers
System (TEAMS) toolset under Small Business
Company Inc. (tHC Inc.), of Greenbelt,
Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts from Ames
Modeling Tools predict flow in Research Center to strengthen NASA’s systems
Maryland, developed the Integrated Test and
fluid Dynamics Operations System to support SMEX. Later,
health management approach for its large,
Because rocket engines operate under extreme the company received additional Small Business
complex, and interconnected systems. Today, six
temperature and pressure, they present a unique NASA field centers utilize the TEAMS toolset, Innovation Research (SBIR) funding from
including TEAMS-Designer, TEAMS-RT, Goddard for a tool to facilitate the development
challenge to designers who must test and simulate
TEAMATE, and TEAMS-RDS. TEAMS is also of flight software called VirtualSat. NASA
the technology. To this end, CRAFT Tech
being used on industrial systems that generate uses the tools to support 15 satellites, and the
Inc., of Pipersville, Pennsylvania, won Small
power, carry data, refine chemicals, perform aerospace industry is using them to develop
Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts
medical functions, and produce semiconductor science instruments, spacecraft computer
from Marshall Space Flight Center to develop
wafers. QSI finds TEAMS can lower costs by systems, and navigation and control software.
software to simulate cryogenic fluid flows and page 124
decreasing problems requiring service by 30 to
related phenomena. CRAFT Tech enhanced its
50 percent.
CRUNCH CFD (computational fluid dynamics) page 120 Gps software packages Deliver
software to simulate phenomena in various liquid positioning solutions
propulsion components and systems. Today, framework Resources Multiply To determine a spacecraft’s position, the Jet
both government and industry clients in the Computing power Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) developed an
aerospace, utilities, and petrochemical industries As an early proponent of grid computing, innovative software program called the GPS
use the software for analyzing existing systems as Ames Research Center awarded Small Business (global positioning system)-Inferred Positioning
well as designing new ones. Innovation Research (SBIR) funding to 3DGeo System and Orbit Analysis Simulation Software,
page 116 Development Inc., of Santa Clara, California, abbreviated as GIPSY-OASIS, and also developed
Spinoff 2010 Executive Summary 27