3. Meaning Of Iman
The Prophet (Sallallahu Alaihi wa Sallam)
said that Iman is:
"To believe in Allah, His Angels, His Books,
to believe in meeting Him, to believe in His
Messengers, the Resurrection and the
predestination."
[Reported by Bukhari, Muslim and others].
4. Meaning Of The Iman
(Cont’d)
And We appointed from among them
Leaders giving guidance under Our
command so long as they persevered with
patience and continued to have faith in Our
signs. (Sajdah:24)
Allah, Most High, says:
5. Himself and all his possessions as
belonging to God
He will bow his ego
His ideas to God
His passions to God
His thinking to God.
6. Not dodge responsibility for his actions,
Will continuously emphasize good deeds
To reinforce this idea, the Qur’an links iman with
good deeds no less than 60 times.
7. Meaning of Islam ( cont’d)
Islam Building upon iman,
Islam is the second layer of the moral
personality of an Islamic leader
Islam means the achievement of peace
with God, within oneself and with the
creation of God, through willing
submission to Him
As Maudoodi (1991) points out so well,
“Iman is the seed and Islam is the
fruition.”
8. Meaning of Islam ( cont’d)
A leader who practices Islam will never
see himself as supreme
Ali Ibn Abu Talib’s (ra) letter to Malik al-
Ashtar an-Nukai, the new Governor of
Egypt, stresses this point in the
following manner:
Malik, you must never forget that if you
are a ruler over them, then the Caliph is a
ruler over you, and God is the supreme
Lord over the Caliph
9. Meaning of Islam ( cont’d)
“...This day have I perfected your
religion for you, completed My favor
upon you, and have chosen for you
Islam as your religion.”
( al-Maidah:3)
Allah, Most High, says:
10. Meaning of Taqwa
Ibn-kathir (2000), the root meaning of
Taqwa is to avoid what one dislikes
Al-Sharawi (2004), states that Taqwa
means to avoid Allah's punishment by
doing what He commands, and to keep
away from doing what He forbids
11. Meaning of Taqwa ( Cont’d)
“O you who believe! Fear Allâh as He should be
feared and die not except in a state of Islam “
(Surah Ali-Imran:102)
Allah, Most High, says:
12. Meaning of Ihsan
O The Prophet Muhammad (saw) describes
ihsan as follows:
“To worship God as if you see Him, and if
you cannot achieve this state of devotion
then you must consider that He is looking
at you.”
O The constant feeling that God is watching
is likely to prompt any leader or follower
with Ihsan to behave at his best.
13. Meaning of Ihsan ( Cont’d)
Ihsan has two stages:
the highest one is to worship Allah as if
you see Him; if you cannot attain this
status of worship, then worship Him
being certain that He sees you and that
He is All-Aware of your actions and
deeds.
Allah knows best.
14. Meaning of Ihsan ( Cont’d)
“Nay, whoever submits his whole self to
Allah and is a doer of (Ihsan) good he will
get his reward with his Lord; on such
shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve”
(al-Baqarah:112)
Allah, Most High, says:
15. 18. Decision-making is one of the
defining characteristics of
leadership. It’s core to the job
description. What behavioral
indicators can better serve in
solving problems and making
decisions?
16. Decision making
A decision is a choice between two or more
alternatives. If you only have one alternative, you
do not have a decision.
Decision-making is one of the defining
characteristics of leadership. It’s core to the job
description.
17. To make decisions doesn’t by itself make us good
decision-makers. It takes discipline: discipline to do
at least four things all the time and well.
1. Realize when and why you need to make a decision.
2. Declare the decision: decide what the decision is, how you’ll
work it, and who should be involved.
3. Work the decision: generate a complete set of alternatives,
gather the information you need to understand the
possibilities and probabilities, and ultimately make a choice
that best fits your values.
4. Commit resources and act.
18. The decision-making process involves the
following steps:
O Define the problem.
O Identify limiting factors.
O Develop potential alternatives.
O Analyze the alternatives.
O Select the best alternative.
O Implement the decision.
O Establish a control and evaluation system.
19. Define the problem
O The decision-making process begins
when a manager identifies the real
problem. The accurate definition of the
problem affects all the steps that follow; if
the problem is inaccurately defined, every
step in the decision-making process will
be based on an incorrect starting point.
One way that a manager can help
determine the true problem in a situation
is by identifying the problem separately
from its symptoms.
20. Identify limiting factors
O
O All managers want to make the best decisions. To
do so, managers need to have the ideal resources
— information, time, personnel, equipment, and
supplies — and identify any limiting factors.
Realistically, managers operate in an environment
that normally doesn't provide ideal resources. For
example, they may lack the proper budget or may
not have the most accurate information or any
extra time. So, they must choose to satisfice — to
make the best decision possible with the
information, resources, and time available.
21. Develop potential
alternatives
O Time pressures frequently cause a manager to
move forward after considering only the first or
most obvious answers. However, successful
problem solving requires thorough examination of
the challenge, and a quick answer may not result
in a permanent solution. Thus, a manager should
think through and investigate several alternative
solutions to a single problem before making a
quick decision.
O One of the best known methods for developing
alternatives is throughbrainstorming, where a
group works together to generate ideas and
alternative solutions.
22. Analyze the alternatives
O The purpose of this step is to decide the relative merits of
each idea. Managers must identify the advantages and
disadvantages of each alternative solution before making a
final decision.
O Evaluating the alternatives can be done in numerous ways.
Here are a few possibilities:
Determine the pros and cons of each
alternative.
Perform a cost-benefit analysis for each
alternative.
Weight each factor important in the decision,
ranking each alternative relative to its ability to meet each
factor, and then multiply by a probability factor to provide a
final value for each alternative.
23. O After a manager has analyzed all the
alternatives, she must decide on the best
one. The best alternative is the one that
produces the most advantages and the
fewest serious disadvantages.
Sometimes, the selection process can be
fairly straightforward, such as the
alternative with the most pros and fewest
cons. Other times, the optimal solution is
a combination of several alternatives.
24. Implement the decision
O Managers are paid to make decisions, but
they are also paid to get results from these
decisions. Positive results must follow
decisions. Everyone involved with the
decision must know his or her role in ensuring
a successful outcome. To make certain that
employees understand their roles, managers
must thoughtfully devise programs,
procedures, rules, or policies to help aid them
in the problem-solving process.
25. Establish a control and
evaluation system
O Ongoing actions need to be monitored. An
evaluation system should provide feedback on
how well the decision is being implemented,
what the results are, and what adjustments
are necessary to get the results that were
intended when the solution was chosen.
O In order for a manager to evaluate his
decision, he needs to gather information to
determine its effectiveness. Was the original
problem resolved? If not, is he closer to the
desired situation than he was at the beginning
of the decision-making process?
