Learn about how you are the first line in defense against the onslaught of invasive species on Maui. This presentation was originally presented by NBII Pacific Basin Information Node and the Maui Invasive Species Committee to employees of the USDA-APHIS on December 12, 2009.

1. “ Eyes and Ears” of Maui Early Detection of Invasive Plants and Animals on Maui Elizabeth Speith, USGS Pacific Basin Information Node Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee Pacific Basin Information Node https://pbin.nbii.gov

3. An invasive species is... An alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (Exec. Order 13112)‏ Not all alien plant species are invasive. Not all invasive plants are alien.

4. Area Time # of individuals Introduction (Lag time)‏ Colonization Naturalization EARLY DETECTION/ RAPID REPSONSE PREVENTION MANAGEMENT RESTORATION Phases of Invasion and Associated Control Strategies

5. “ The easiest, least expensive, and most successful control programs are those that have detected the invader early.”

7. When is eradication of pest plants a realistic goal? M. Rejmánek and M. J. Pitcairn, 2002 Turning the Tide: The Eradication of Invasive Species

8. Hawaii Maritime Shipping Paths Across the Pacific Maritime Shipping Paths Across the Pacific Hawaii

11. From: EXPERIMENTAL ERADICATIONS OF POTENTIALLY INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES ON THE ISLAND OF MAUI, HAWAII, 2006 Forest Starr, Kim Starr1, and Lloyd L. Loope Residential Naturalized .01 1 Island Yes Verbascum thapsus Residential Naturalized .1 1 Local No Sideroxylon persimile Wildland Naturalized 1+ 5 Island No Pittosporum viridiflorum Wildland Cultivated .01 1 Local Yes Morella faya Wildland Naturalized .1 2 Island No Morella cerifera Residential Not sure .001 1 Island Yes Melastoma sanguineum Residential Cultivated .01 1 Island Yes Maclura pomifera Residential Cultivated .01 2 Local Yes Macaranga tanarius Residential Cultivated .0001 2 Island Yes Macaranga mappa Residential Not sure .01 1 Local Yes Caesalpinia decapetala Residential Naturalized .1 1 Island Yes Acacia retinodes Residential Cultivated .01 3 Island No Acacia podalyriifolia Residential Not Sure 1+ 3 Island No Acacia mangium Residential Not sure 1+ 3 Island No Acacia auriculiformis Land Use Status Acreage Locations Scale Control-led? Scientific Name

12. - Conservation workers - Harbor/dock workers - Teachers - County Road Crews - Landscape professionals - Hikers - Hunters and Anglers - General Public - Utility workers - Neighborhood Associations “ Eyes and Ears” Early Detection Network Visit: www.reportapest.org

16. LFA Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

17. Pig blinded from LFA bites LFA Impacts: Quality of life, agriculture, and ecological Entire colony of LFA in a Macadamia nutshell Cacao tree infested with LFA Fire ant bites

18. LFA Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

19. Little Fire Ant ( Wasmannia auropunctata ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

20. Location of Survey: (Example- 123 Olinda Rd., Makawao, HI, makai side of garden) Date (month, date, year): Collector Name and affliliation: Collector Phone #: Observations: Did the ant sting? Is ant slow or fast? Are nests visible? Finding LFA Peanut butter traps Finding LFA Peanut butter traps 1) Peanut butter chopstick bait 2) Leave for 2 hours in area that you suspect LFA 3) Carefully place ant covered chopstick in ziplock with label 4) Freeze ants overnight 4) Take your ant sample to HDOA at the airport or call MISC 573-PEST to arrange for a pick-up.

21. Finding LFA Places you might find LFA Waysides New Landscaping Nurseries/ Fruit Stands Shipments from infested areas of Big Island

22. Don’t Forget! Do Not Apply Pesticide- let someone know!

23. Little Fire Ant LOOK ALIKE! Tropical fire ant ( Solenopsis geminata ) 3-5 mm (1/8-1/4 in) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

24. Little Fire Ant LOOK ALIKE! Tetramorium ant ( Tetramorium simillimum ) Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

25. Banana Bunchy Top Virus Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

26. With 20 known native varieties still alive on Maui, the Valley Isle is the capital of heirloom bananas. BBTV endangers these cultural treasures.

27. Banana Bunchy Top Virus

28. BBTV

33. Coqui ( Eleutherodactylus coqui )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

39. Coqui LOOK ALIKE! Greenhouse frog ( Eleutherodactylus planirostris )‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

40. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Dark green leaves (C. jubata)‏ Both are sharply toothed and can cut when rubbed the wrong way! Narrow bluish-green leaves (C. selloana)‏

43. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

45. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

46. Jubata Grass ( Cortaderia species)‏ Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

47. Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Grows in a bunch

49. Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Red flowers shaped like a bottle-cleaning brush

51. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Fountain Grass LOOK-ALIKE! Red Fountain Grass (Pennisetum macrostachyum)‏ Molasses grass (Melinus minutiflora)‏

52. Ivy Gourd Coccinia grandis Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! - Star shaped flowers - Red Fruit 1-3 in long

54. Ivy Gourd Coccinia grandis Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Variable leaves

56. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Ivy Gourd LOOK-ALIKE! Bitter melon (Momordica charantia)‏

59. Rubber Vine Cryptostegia spp. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

60. Rubber Vine Cryptostegia spp. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it!

62. Investigate it! Inspect it! Report it! Rubber Vine LOOK-ALIKE! Purple Alamanda (Allamanda violacea)‏ Brazilian jasmine (Mandevilla sanderi)‏

64. BECOME MAUI’S EYES AND EARS!

65. WWW.REPORTAPEST.ORG

70. THANKS! Elizabeth Speith, USGS-Pacific Basin Information Node, espeith@usgs.gov, 984-3716 Lissa Fox, Maui Invasive Species Committee, 573-MISC Spread the Word, Not the Weed