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Womens Movement & Comparable Worth
- 1. The Continuing Struggle for Comparable Worth: Women in America Diversity in the Workplace Psych 701, Fall 2008 UW- Stout, Menomonie WI Presented by Lynnea White
- 15. The Wage Gap 1988 ratio of men to women’s hourly wages *Doctorates in economics > 5% gap
Editor's Notes
- A crowd of about three hundred people, including forty men, came from five miles round. No woman felt capable of presiding; the task was undertaken by Lucretia's husband, James Mott
- Their negative articles about the women's call for expanded rights were so livid and widespread that they actually had a positive impact far beyond anything the organizers could have hoped for. People in cities and isolated towns alike were now alerted to the issues, and joined this heated discussion of women's rights in great numbers!
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton, of course. And Susan B. Anthony. Matilda Joslyn Gage. Lucy Stone. They were pioneer theoreticians of the 19th-century women's rights movement. Esther Morris, the first woman to hold a judicial position, who led the first successful state campaign for woman suffrage, in Wyoming in 1869. Abigail Scott Duniway, the leader of the successful fight in Oregon and Washington in the early 1900s. Ida B. Wells-Barnett and Mary Church Terrell, organizers of thousands of African-American women who worked for suffrage for all women. Harriot Stanton Blatch, daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Alice Stone Blackwell, Lucy Stone's daughter, who carried on their mothers' legacy through the next generation. Anna Howard Shaw and Carrie Chapman Catt, leaders of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in the early years of the 20th century, who brought the campaign to its final success. Alice Paul, founder and leader of the National Woman's Party, considered the radical wing of the movement. In 1923 she drafted an Equal Rights Amendment for the United States Constitution. Such a federal law, it was argued, would ensure that "Men and women have equal rights throughout the United States." A constitutional amendment would apply uniformly, regardless of where a person lived. " I always feel the movement is sort of a mosaic. Each of us puts in one little stone, and then you get a great mosaic at the end ."
- Peterson: govt. & responsibility for discrimination E. Roosevelt: discrimination against women in every area of American life
- Graduate from Smith College in 1942. She then studied psychology as a graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley graduate work in psychology at Berkeley (1942-1943).
- Why did Betty Friedan avoid public discussion about her political past? And how does Horowitz address the specific question of her obfuscations about the past? He argues the following:
- The situation described is by no means static, however. Younger women are working longer and taking shorter breaks for childbearing and child rearing. Because women expect to remain in the work force, they have greatly increased their representation in careers such as medicine and law, which require lengthy training periods. As a result the wage gap narrowed considerably during the eighties. The relatively high ratio of women's to men's earnings at younger ages partly reflects the increased experience and skill acquired by younger women.
- Title VII: Prohibited employment discrimination on the basis of sex as well as race, religion, and national origin The category "sex" was included as a last-ditch effort to kill the bill. But it passed, nevertheless. EEOC: Investigate discrimination complaints Within five years, it received 50,000 sex discrimination complaints NOW: Spurred innumerable “women’s lib.” orgs. Minorities thoroughly engaged They created battered women's shelters and rape crisis hotlines to care for victims of sexual abuse and domestic violence. They came together to form child care centers so women could work outside their homes for pay. Women health care professionals opened women's clinics to provide birth control and family planning counseling -- and to offer abortion services -- for low-income women Title IX: equal access to higher education and to professional schools One in twenty-seven high school girls played sports 25 years ago; one in three do today
- Jeannette Rankin was the first woman elected to Congress, in 1916. By 1971, three generations later, women were still less than three percent of our congressional representatives. Today women hold only 11% of the seats in Congress, and 21% of the state legislative seats. Yet, in the face of such small numbers, women have successfully changed thousands of local, state, and federal laws that had limited women's legal status and social roles
- In Fiscal Year 2007, EEOC received 818 charges of compensation discrimination. EEOC resolved 796 compensation discrimination charges in FY 2007 and recovered $9.3 million in monetary benefits for charging parties and other aggrieved individuals (not including monetary benefits obtained through litigation).
- The imposition of comparable worth would likely raise pay in traditionally female jobs; appointing persons favorable to the concept to conduct the job evaluation would all but guarantee that result. But because the higher pay in female jobs would raise costs, employers would reduce the number of such jobs, by automating or by reducing the scale of operations, for example. Workers with the most skills would be more likely to keep their jobs, while those without the skills or experience to merit the higher pay would be let go. The ironic result is that fewer workers would be employed in traditionally female jobs. While the higher pay might induce more workers to seek these jobs, the reduced demand could not accommodate them. Less skilled women would lose out to more skilled women and, quite possibly, to men who would be attracted by the higher pay. What's more, some employers would respond to the higher wages by providing fewer of the nonmonetary benefits (like flexible hours) that help accommodate the needs of someone who dovetails home responsibilities and a job. Ex: civil service systems of about twenty state governments and a number of local governments *Washington State * Minnesota's well-known comparable worth plan