computer architecture lab manual

Department Of CSE & IT

CONTENT

Experiment Page
Name of the Experiment
No. No.

1
1 To recognize various component of PC.

Dismantling and assembling of PC. 6
2

3
Use of h/w trainer kit.
12
Simulation of simple fundamental units like
4 half adder full adder etc. 25

Page | 1 Prepared By Mr.Neelamani Samal


HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS :-

1.PC components.

2. Hardware trainer kit for

Printer ,SMPS, Motherboard, Real time clock, CPU, Hard disk.

3. Simulation software(XLINIX).



Lab Experiment No. :- 1

Objective :-
To Recognize the various components of a Personal Computer.

Theory:-
The basic components of a PC are

1. Input Unit
2. Output unit
3. Memory unit
4. Control unit
5. Arithmetic logic unit

Input Unit :-
It is the unit through which data/instructions can be entered into the
computers .

e.g. Keyboard , Mouse etc.

Output Unit :-
It is the unit by which we can get output from the entered input from the
computer.

e.g. Monitors ,Printer, Speaker etc.



Memory Unit :-
It stores the information by providing facility to the CPU actively by
providing necessary data to CPU.

Memory units are of two types

1.Primary memory

2. Secondary memory.

Primary Memory:- It is also of two types:

i) RAM
ii) ROM

RAM:- It can be randomly accessed.
Memory is temporarily used because when the power goes off ,all
the data stored in it are erased.So it is volatile in nature.It can be read and
the data can be written into it.

ROM:- It is also randomly accessed. It is only readmemory unit.It is non-
volatile in nature.

It can be read only but datas can’t be written into it.

ALU:- It performs arithmetic operation like addition,subtraction etc and
logical operation loke AND,OR,NAND etc. It works in electronic speed but
the device attached to it works in low speed.That’s why processor can
handle all the peripheral devices at a time.

IT establishes well coordination between other four functional unit.



CU:- It is the unit which controls the flow of information through the
processor and coordinate the activities the activities of other unit which are
within it.

So it is the brain within the brain as it controls what happens inside the
processor.

It generate timing signal and control signal for well coordination.

Configurtion of a PC.

SI Name of Name of Capacity/frequency interface
NO component Manufacturer

1. Processor
2. MotherBoard
3. RAM
4. HDD
5. FDD
6. DVD
7. TFT/CRT
8. Keyboard
9. Mouse
10. UPS
11. Cabinet
12. Speaker



Processor:- The microprocessor accepts inputs from the user in the
form of data and instruction. It process the information and instruction and
then send the processed information to the output device.

Motherboard:- It is the main circuit of PC.It conatains the interface for
the microprocessor,BIOS,Memory and storage device neeed to control
peripheral devices such as monitor,keyboard,mouse etc.

RAM:- It stores data temporarily.So it is called volatile.

HDD:- IT is a secondary storage device for permanent data storage
device i.e. placed in the system.It is similar to human brain where all the
past to present events are stored.

DVD RAM: The Digital versatile disc stored digitally.
A DVD writer is a DVD player as well as a writer.

FDD: It is a n external storage device. It is magnetic round disc enclosed
in a plastic jacket.

Today we have double size high quality to density disk with 1.44 MB of
size.



Keyboard:- It is a primary input device of the PC similar to type writer.
Mouse:- It is used to point to the desired position in the computer. It is
also an input device.

UPS:- It is the device that produce supply to the PC.
It provides all the time of power cut.So we can save the current data and
shut down properly.

Speaker: It is an output device through which CPU can produce sound
for the user.

TFT monitor:- It is an output device through wich we can read data.

Cabinet:- outer covering of CPU.

Conclusion:-



EXPERIMENT NO:-02
OBJECTIVES:- To understand how the different components of PC
are connected to work properly.

Components required:-
1.cabinet

2.SMPS.

3.HDD

4.processor

5.Motherboard

6.Ram

7.IDE cable.

8.ROM

9.System fan and CPU fan.

10.Tool kit

Description:
 The required components are taken and checked whether the
components are good condition or not.
 At first clean the required components and it should be done with
paint brush.
 All the components handled with care.
 The step by step procedure should be followed for dismantling and
assembling of the PC.
 The procedure dismantling and assembling are as follows :



Building TheComputer

Step 1: Prepare the case
Remove the empty computer case from its packing and remove both side panels and
takeout any items that may be inside the case .Place it on the work space so that the
motherboard facing up.
Step 2: Installing the Mother Board rises
Inspect whether the motherboard risers are installed properly, if not then install it
properly so that the motherboard will not be in direct contact with the metal case.
Step 3: Installing the Dives and mother board in the case

1: Remove side panel
Remove the side panel from the case in order to gain access to the cabinet as well as
the motherboard properly.

2: Remove front external drive panel
Remove the drive bay blanking the spaces.. So that we can install the required drives
properly and freely.

3: Installing external drives
With the blanking places removed slide the drives into their corresponding bays.

4: Case screws
Fix the drives using the case screw provided .The screw should not be so tightly placed,
otherwise it may harm the respective components of the PC.

5: Fixing the drives
Fix the optical and floppy drives into its places with screwed properly.

6: Drives installed

The optical and floppy drives located in the correct
bays in the pc case.



7: motherboard mask

8: Discard unwanted parts
After everything is in its place just discard the unwanted parts that were present initially
in the case.



Step 4 :Installing mother board in the case

1: Installing the Processor

Place the CPU into its slot properly seeing the cut marks
present in the processor for identification. Care must be
given while installing the CPU, if any Pin breaks then the
Processor will become useless. Then place the sink and
CPU fan properly and lock it with the lock provided.



2: CPU and Fan

The CPU fan should be placed over the CPU to
keep the processor cool .

Place the RAM into its slots. Press it to
3: Installing the RAM
get the RAM Locked. If the RAM is not
placed properly then the PC will not
start. And will give a beep sound.

4: Installing the power supply
Use the SMPS(Switch Mode Power Supply) cables to give power supply to the
individual components of the PC.

5: Installing The HDD

The HDD should be Placed in its
proper place and should be
connected with the ATA cable or The
SATA cable as the port may be. And
power supply should be given to it.



6: Connecting the case cable
Connect the below cables properly as per instruction. And connect the same cable to
the motherboard also.

Step 5: Closing The system case by cover
Once all the parts of the PC are connected to its slots properly and firmly just close the
system case and screw it properly.

Conclusion :-



Experiment No. 3
Objective :
i)Study of Fault analysis point of the CPU trainer kit.

ii) Study of Dot Matrix Printer.

iii) To study the Fault analysis points of Dot Matrix printer

iv) Study of VBMB 40 HD Trainer kit.

v) Study of real time clock using 465 hard disk driver.

EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED:

1. CPU Trainer kit
2. Monitor
3. Keyboard
4. Mouse

THEORY :
The CPU Trainer kit has 8 different fault analysis point. To estimate the various
fault covering the individual sections of personal computers

T1: For Keyboard logic

T2 : For BIOS logic

T3: For Hard Disk logic

T4 : For Mouse logic

T5: For Video logic(for synchronization horizontally)

T6: For Video logic(for Vertical synchronization)

T7: For Serial Communication logic

T8: For Parallel Communication logic



PROCEDURE :
T1:

Fault Analysis: Switch off the system, Put T1 in open mode and switch ON the
system.

Symptom: Any character that is to be given through the keyboard can not be
displayed or the keyboard can not work properly.

T2:

system.

Symptom: Without processing any key the control will automatically flow to the
BIOS

T3:

system.

Symptom: The OS will not be properly loaded, HDD will not be initialized

T4:

system.

Symptoms: The mouse will not work properly.

T5:

system.

Symptoms:Display scroll horizontally



T6

system.

Symptom:Display scroll vertically

T7:

system.

Symptoms: Serial Port does not receive or transmit information to or from its sub
system or interface unit.

T8:

system.

Symptom:It prints junk character

CPU TRAINER KIT

CONCLUSION 1:



Objective 2:- Study of Dot Matrix Printer.

1.DOT Matrix Printer

2.Power supply unit

3.Power cord

DESCRIPTION:

1.Thisthe first type of printer to be used in home and school but they are not used
now-a-days.

2.A Dot Matrix Printer or impact matrix printer is a type of computer printer with a
print head that run back and forth or up and down motion, in the phase and print
by impact , striking an ink soaked cloth ribbon against the paper, much like the
print mechanism on a type writer.

3. Each dot is produced by a tiny metal rod also called a wire or pin which is
driven forward by the power of tiny electromagnet or solenoid either directly or
through small parts.



ADVANTAGES:

1.Relatively cheap to buy

2.Low operating cost

3.Create carbon copy using carbonated papers.

DISADVANTAGES:

1.Print quality is poor and important documents are not suitable to give managers
or customers.

2.Very Slow

3.Noisy

4.Can not produce colour copies.

CONCLUSION 2:



OBJECTIVE 3: To study the Fault analysis points of Dot Matrix printer


1.Dot matrix printer Trainer kit.

2.Power supply

PROCEDURE:

Dot matrix printer Trainer kit has 8 Fault analysis point to identify 8 different fault
generated in DMP Trainer kit.

The fault analysis points are

T1:Power logic

T2.Wrong Character printing

T3.Paper sensor without paper

T4.Print in the same line

T5.Home position

T6.Line space incorrect

T7.Paper out

T8.Single dot or collection of dots are missing



DESCRIPTION:

T1:

Fault Analysis:T1 is normally in closed position, to introduce the problem switch
off the printer . T1 is open and switch on the printer to identify the problem.

Symptom:No printer operation can be performed

T2:


Symptom:Printer prints wrong character.

T3:


Symptoms:The printer will sense the paper even when the paper is not available for
printing.

T4:


Symptom:Overlapping of characters will be identified.

T5:


Symptom:Home position sensor may be defective. The sensor will not at the initial
position by pressing initialization button. It will move to the end.

T6:



Symptoms:Line feeding is not proper.

T7:


Symptom:Carriage motor struck while initializing the printer. The sensor can not
be initialized by pressing the initialization button.

T8:


Symptom:While printing single dot or line of dots are missing consistently.

CONCLUSION 3:



OBJECTIVE 4 : Study of VBMB 40 HD Trainer kit.


1.Micro controller 51EB

2.One Hard Disk

3.VBMB 40 Card

4.One 40 core cable, one 50 core cable and one serial cable

5.Multi output power supply unit

6.one VBMB 40 installer CD

7.One keyboard

PROCEDURE:

1.Go to WINXTALK program

2.Choose open point (the communication setting are already set, do not change).

3.Choose communication window (from the WINXTALK menu or F2 shortcut)

4.From Micro controller type the command “ SM” and press enter

5. You will find # prompt on the monitor and serial mode on the micro 51 LED
display

6.Type command “pi 4100” on the 3 prompt of WINXTALK communication
windows and press enter



7.From the text file option of WINX communication window choose download
push button(note the number of characters transmitted appear on the status bar of
WINX communication window)

8.Click on # type the command “go 4100” and press enter, the message appears ,
the information about HD that is cylinder, comma, sector etc and the next
command prompt is LBA= 0x00000000,(R)ead , (W)rite,(L)BA , (U)p , (D)own ,
(h)ex dump, (q)uit

9.Press 'L' from key board to select the hexa decimal address , then provide the
address value suppose “55”

10.Once again the previous command prompt LBA= 0x00000000,(R)ead ,
(W)rite,(L)BA , (U)p , (D)own , (h)ex dump, (q)uit will appear.

11.Choose 'R' and ' H' to see the information stored in the address of the HD.

12.Press “INT” key from the micro 51EB then # prompt will appear on the WINX
communication window.

13.Type the command “FP 600061ff 77” (here 77 is data) then press enter.

14.At the # prompt once again type the command “go 4100” and press enter.

15.Press “L” key from the key board and provide LBA address “55” then press
enter.

16.At the command prompt LBA= 0x00000000,(R)ead , (W)rite,(L)BA , (U)p ,
(D)own , (h)ex dump, (q)uit will appear. Then press “W” key when warning
message will appear then press “Y” “sector write OK” .

17.At LBA prompt press 'R' and 'H' , you can see the written in the HD



MICRO 51 EB 50 and
40 CORE CABLE

VBMB 40 CARD

CONCLUSION 4:



OBJECTIVE 5 : Study of real time clock using 465 hard disk driver.


1.VBMB 15 card

2.PCI driver

3.50 core cable

PROCEDURE:

1.Open PLXP on the desktop, go to command click on it.

2.Reset COP then open my computer.

3.Go to CD-drive click on VPCI-107 then click on program.

4.Then double click on VBMB 15 exe file.

5.One black screen will come and it will ask for confirmation. Enter 'y' then give
value for hour,minute and second.

6.The given time will be displayed in real-time clock kit.



PCI DRIVER REAL TIME CLOCK

VBMB 15 CARD

CONCLUSION 5:



EXPERIMENT NO.4

OBJECTIVE:-
Simulation of fundamental unit like
1. Half adder
2. Full adder and
3. Multiplexer

Software required:-

XILINX ISE 9.1i

Theory:-
Halfadder:-

Procedure:-
Step1:
To simulate the functional working of Halfadder we need XILINX 9.1i to
run in Admin mode as shown below.



Step2:
Go to file menu and chose new project.

Step3:
Type the project name and then choose the top level source type as
HDL.



Stpe4:
Set the parameter in the window as
Family- Spantan3
Device-XC3S200
Package-FT256
Speed- 4
Preferred Language-VHDL
And press next



Step5:
Choose the new source and press next and whenever the new window
open,Put the same file name and choose VHDL module
.



Step6:

In the next window input two port name as input1 and input2 and direction as
in.Then input two port name as sum and carry and set direction as out.

Step7: And press next.



Step8: Press next

Step9: Press next



Step10: Press next

Step11:Press finish



Step12: Write the HDL code for half adder followed by begin.

Step13:
Double click on the Synthesize.xst and go to check syntax and if error not
found the following screen appear.



Step14:
Then click on the view RTL schme



Step15:Then following output screen output screen appear.



Conclusion:-



FULL ADDER

Theory:

Procedure

Step1:
To simulate the functional working of full adder we need XILINX 9.1i to run in
Admin mode as shown below.



Step2:

Step3:
Type the project name and then choose the top level source type as HDL.



Stpe4:
Family- Spantan3
Device-XC3S200
Package-FT256
Speed- 4
And press next



Step5:
Choose the new source and press next and whenever the new window open, Put the
same file name and choose VHDL module



Step6:
In the next window input two port name as input1 and input2 and direction as
in.Then input two port name as sum and carry and set direction as out.




Step8: Press next

Step9: Press next



Step10: Press next

Step11:Press finish



Step12: Write the HDL code for half adder followed by begin.



Step13:
Double click on the Synthesize.xst and go to check syntax and if
error not found the following screen appear.



Step14:
Then click on the view RTL schme

Step15:Then following output screen output screen appear.



Conclusion:-



MULTIPLEXER

Step1:
To simulate the functional working of full adder we need XILINX 9.1i to run in
Admin mode as shown below.

Step2:



Step3
Type the project name and then choose the top level source type as HDL.

Stpe4:
Family- Spantan3
Device-XC3S200
Package-FT256
Speed- 4
And press next



Step5:
Choose the new source and press next and whenever the new
window open, Put the same file name and choose VHDL module



Step6:

In the next window input two port name as input1 and input2
and direction as in.Then input two port name as sum and carry
and set direction as out.




Step8: And press next

Step9: And press next



Step10: And press finish

Step12: Write the HDL code for half adder followed by begin



Step13:
Double click on the Synthesize.xst and go to check syntax and
if error not found the following screen appear.



Step14:Then following output screen output screen appear



Conclusion:-


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