1. Seminar 1 : The bird’s eye view The Paradigms Programming Paradigms

2. Outline Programming Paradigms 4 Main Programming Paradigms Learning Objective Plans 2

3. Solution: Find info from books Paradigm A Problem: Assignment Solution: Copy from classmates Paradigm B Paradigm - Student

4. Paradigm – The Dancer 664 X 5 RIGHT BRAIN (clockwise) Intuitive Images Non-linear Big picture abstract LEFT BRAIN (counter –clockwise) Analytical Numbers Linear Details Concrete

5. A programming paradigm is a framework that define how the user conceptualized and interpret complex problems. Paradigm A Solution: A Problem: Create a calculator program Solution: B Paradigm B Programming Paradigm

6. Paradigms VsLanguages Programming Paradigm: A programming paradigm is an approach to programming a computer based on a mathematical theory or a coherent set of principles. Programming language: A programming language is a tool for developing executable models for a class of problem domains. 6 In general, programming paradigms influence language design.

7. Why Programming Paradigm? 7 Model 1 Model 2 Problems Paradigm A Model 3 Model 4

8. Overview of 4 Programming Paradigms 8

10. Key characteristic of OO

11. Data Abstraction

12. Encapsulation

13. Polymorphism

14. Inheritance

15. Best for problems with a large number of related data abstractions organized in a hierarchyObject-Oriented Paradigm 9 Human “Alice” Name: Gender: Size: Eue _colour: Shopping() Animal Building “Bob”

16. Object-Oriented Paradigm Question: Is Object-Oriented the best paradigm for solving every problems? If so, there wouldn’t be a need for other paradigm… calSal() Find the payroll of the salaries for all the employee in the company Employee 1 getSal() return amt1 Company sumAll() calSal() getSal() Overheads!! return amt1 Employee 10000

18. Procedures

19. Functions

20. Abstract Data Types (ADTs)

22. Characterized by

23. Single Assignment

24. Referentially Transparent

25. Compositionality

26. Higher Order Function

28. Characterized by

29. Axioms

30. Facts

31. Inference rules

32. Queries

34. Learning different paradigms allow us to

35. Identify suitable paradigms for a given complex problem

36. Decide the most suitable language to implement

37. Reason for focusing on paradigms

38. Increasing number of programming languages implementing similar paradigms exists

39. 27 paradigms in total but some are in similar concept

40. Studying the 4 distinct basic paradigms allow us to easily pick up any programming languages on our own!14

41. 15

42. Plans Research [S2] Paradigms Advantages & Disadvantages Case Studies / Examples Project [S3 / S4] Conclusion [S4] Summary and reflections 16

43. 17 Summary

44. Thank you! End of Presentation

45. 19 WAIT! Please help us to help you! 3-5 min survey