Correct definitions for Unit 2 Vocabulary

1. Ms. Nestico Principles of Democracy Mount Carmel Area High School Chapter 2 Vocabulary

2. Two house legislature (Congress) bicameral

3. The Great Charter (1215) – document signed by King John and nobles that recognized people have certain rights. Basis for the foundation of limited government. Magna Carta

4. (1689) – document passed that set clear limits on the English monarch & outlined rights of the people English Bill of Rights

5. (1639) – America’s first actual constitution/charter. Gave people the rights to elect governors, judges & representatives to make laws Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

6. Directly controlled by the English King through appointed governors Royal colonies

7. Based on a grant of land by the king to a proprietor (owner) in exchange for a yearly payment Proprietary colonies

8. Colonies based on a grant given by the king to a company or group of settlers Charter colonies

9. (1754) – Proposed by Ben Franklin – plan for uniting the colonies Albany Plan of Union

10. (1765) – law from England that required colonies to pay a tax on all paper goods and legal documents Stamp Act

11. (1774) – Philly meeting with representatives from all colonies (except Georgia) to decide what to do about the colonies relationship with England 1 st Continental Congress

12. (1775) – met again to serve as acting government of the colonies during the Revolutionary War 2 nd Continental Congress

13. (1776) – Basis For Declaration of Independence. Declaration of citizens’ rights in Virginia (one month earlier) Virginia Declaration of Rights

14. (1781) – 1st plan for a CENTRAL government in America Articles of Confederation

15. To officially APPROVE Ratify

16. (1786) Armed uprising of farmers in Massachusetts that led to the call for a stronger national (central) US government Shay's Rebellion

17. (1787) – plan for the division of the NW territory which is now Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Minnesota, & Wisconsin Northwest Ordinance

18. Founding Fathers of the US and the Constitution like Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, James Madison, etc. Framers

19. Proposed plan of government that called for a unicameral legislature, a weak executive branch and a national judicial branch. Called for EQUAL representation of states (NOT based on population). New Jersey Plan

20. Proposed plan of government that calls for a unicameral legislature, strong executive branch and national judiciary branch. . Called for PROPORTIONAL representation of states (based on state population). Virginia Plan

21. (1787) – final agreement of the Constitutional Convention that allows for EQUAL state representation in the upper house (SENATE) and PROPORTIONAL representation in the lower house (HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES). How it is today… VA PLAN and NJ PLAN combined. Great Compromise

22. (1787) – For purposes of counting population for representation in the House, agreement reached that every slave would constitute 3/5 of a person – or that only 3/5 of the slave population would be counted. Three-Fifths Compromise

23. Group who supported the adoption of the US Constitution and a strong central government. Not concerned with a Bill of Rights. Federalists

24. This group opposed ratification of the Constitution because it lacked a Bill of Rights and was fearful that the Constitution gave the central government too much power. Anti-federalists

25. (1787-1788) Collection of 85 essays on the principles of government written in defense of the Constitution. Authors included Alexander Hamilton, James Madison & John Jay writing under the alias, “Publius” Federalist Papers

26. 1 st Ten Amendments to the US Constitution concerning basic individual liberties Bill of Rights

27. Founding father. Famous for Federalist Paper #10 and #51. James Madison

28. “ Give me liberty or give me death.” Anti-federalist Famous founding father from Virginia that rallied for independence from England Patick Henry

29. First President of America UNDER the Articles of Confederation John Hanson

30. Primarily responsible for the Albany Plan of Union to unite the colonies. One of the eldest and most respected delegates of the Founding Fathers/Framers. Benjamin Franklin

31. Authored “Common Sense” – 47 page pamphlet circulated through the colonies around the time of the 2 nd Continental Congress that made a case for independence from England. Thomas Paine

32. (VA) Authored the Declaration of Independence. Founding father. Thomas Jefferson

33. French philosopher and politician. Responsible for the concept of separation of powers among branches of government. Wrote the Spirit of Law Baron de Montesquieu

34. The division of power among a legislative, executive and judicial branches of government Separation of powers

35. The notion that the power the government has is limited because people are entitled to natural rights Limited Government