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为什么要做灵敏度分析? 灵敏度分析的主要内容? 灵敏度分析怎么做?
加工奶制品的生产计划 50 桶牛奶  时间 480 小时  至多加工 100 公斤 A 1   制订生产计划,使每天获利最大  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],每天: 1 桶牛奶  3 公斤 A 1   12 小时  8 小时  4 公斤 A 2   或 获利 24 元 / 公斤  获利 16 元 / 公斤
x 1 桶牛奶生产 A 1   x 2 桶牛奶生产 A 2   获利  24×3 x 1   获利  16×4  x 2   原料供应   劳动时间   加工能力   决策变量   目标函数   每天获利 约束条件 非负约束   线性规划模型 (LP) 时间 480 小时  至多加工 100 公斤 A 1   1 桶牛奶  3 公斤 A 1   12 小时  8 小时  4 公斤 A 2   或 获利 24 元 / 公斤  获利 16 元 / 公斤  50 桶牛奶  每天
模型求解   图解法   目标函数   z = c  ( 常数 ) ~ 等值线 在 B (20,30) 点得到最优解 目标函数和约束条件是线性函数  可行域为直线段围成的凸多边形  目标函数的等值线为直线  最优解一定在凸多边形的某个顶点取得。  x 1 x 2 0 A B C D l 1 l 2 l 3 l 4 l 5 约束条件 Z =0 Z =2400 Z =3600 c
模型求解   软件实现   LINGO 8.0  max=72*x1+64*x2; x1+x2<=50; 12*x1+8*x2<=480; 3*x1<=100; OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE 1)  3360.000 VARIABLE  VALUE   REDUCED COST X1  20.000000   0.000000 X2  30.000000   0.000000 ROW  SLACK OR SURPLUS  DUAL PRICES 2)  0.000000  48.000000 3)  0.000000  2.000000 4)  40.000000  0.000000 NO. ITERATIONS=  2 DO RANGE (SENSITIVITY) ANALYSIS?  No 20 桶牛奶生产 A 1 , 30 桶生产 A 2 ,利润 3360 元。
结果解释   OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE 1)  3360.000 VARIABLE  VALUE  REDUCED COST X1  20.000000  0.000000 X2  30.000000  0.000000 ROW   SLACK OR SURPLUS   DUAL PRICES 2)  0.000000   48.000000 3)  0.000000   2.000000 4)  40.000000   0.000000 NO. ITERATIONS=  2 原料无剩余 时间无剩余 加工能力剩余 40 max=72*x1+64*x2; x1+x2<=50; 12*x1+8*x2<=480; 3*x1<=100; 三种资源 “ 资源” 剩余为零的约束为紧约束(有效约束)
结果解释   OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE 1)  3360.000 VARIABLE  VALUE  REDUCED COST X1  20.000000  0.000000 X2  30.000000  0.000000 ROW  SLACK OR SURPLUS  DUAL PRICES 2)   0.000000  48.000000 3)   0.000000  2.000000 4)   40.000000  0.000000 NO. ITERATIONS=  2 最优解下“资源”增加 1 单位时“效益”的增量  原料增加 1 单位 ,  利润增长 48  时间增加 1 单位 ,  利润增长 2  加工能力增长不影响利润 影子价格  ,[object Object],35 <48,  应该买! ,[object Object],2 元!
RANGES IN WHICH THE BASIS IS UNCHANGED: OBJ COEFFICIENT RANGES VARIABLE CURRENT  ALLOWABLE  ALLOWABLE COEF  INCREASE  DECREASE X1  72.000000  24.000000  8.000000 X2  64.000000  8.000000  16.000000 RIGHTHAND SIDE RANGES ROW  CURRENT  ALLOWABLE  ALLOWABLE RHS  INCREASE  DECREASE 2  50.000000  10.000000  6.666667 3  480.000000  53.333332  80.000000 4  100.000000  INFINITY  40.000000 最优解不变时目标函数系数允许变化范围  DO RANGE(SENSITIVITY) ANALYSIS?   Yes x 1 系数范围 (64,96)   x 2 系数范围 (48,72)  ,[object Object],x 1 系数由 24   3=72 增加为 30  3=90 ,在允许范围内  不变! ( 约束条件不变 )
结果解释   RANGES IN WHICH THE BASIS IS UNCHANGED: OBJ COEFFICIENT RANGES VARIABLE CURRENT  ALLOWABLE  ALLOWABLE COEF  INCREASE  DECREASE X1  72.000000  24.000000  8.000000 X2  64.000000  8.000000  16.000000 RIGHTHAND SIDE RANGES ROW  CURRENT  ALLOWABLE  ALLOWABLE RHS  INCREASE  DECREASE 2  50.000000  10.000000  6.666667 3  480.000000  53.333332  80.000000 4  100.000000  INFINITY  40.000000 影子价格有意义时约束右端的允许变化范围  原料最多增加 10  时间最多增加 53  ,[object Object],最多买 10 桶 ! ( 目标函数不变 )

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运筹学2

  • 2.
  • 3. x 1 桶牛奶生产 A 1 x 2 桶牛奶生产 A 2 获利 24×3 x 1 获利 16×4 x 2 原料供应 劳动时间 加工能力 决策变量 目标函数 每天获利 约束条件 非负约束 线性规划模型 (LP) 时间 480 小时 至多加工 100 公斤 A 1 1 桶牛奶 3 公斤 A 1 12 小时 8 小时 4 公斤 A 2 或 获利 24 元 / 公斤 获利 16 元 / 公斤 50 桶牛奶 每天
  • 4. 模型求解 图解法 目标函数 z = c ( 常数 ) ~ 等值线 在 B (20,30) 点得到最优解 目标函数和约束条件是线性函数 可行域为直线段围成的凸多边形 目标函数的等值线为直线 最优解一定在凸多边形的某个顶点取得。 x 1 x 2 0 A B C D l 1 l 2 l 3 l 4 l 5 约束条件 Z =0 Z =2400 Z =3600 c
  • 5. 模型求解 软件实现 LINGO 8.0 max=72*x1+64*x2; x1+x2<=50; 12*x1+8*x2<=480; 3*x1<=100; OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE 1) 3360.000 VARIABLE VALUE REDUCED COST X1 20.000000 0.000000 X2 30.000000 0.000000 ROW SLACK OR SURPLUS DUAL PRICES 2) 0.000000 48.000000 3) 0.000000 2.000000 4) 40.000000 0.000000 NO. ITERATIONS= 2 DO RANGE (SENSITIVITY) ANALYSIS? No 20 桶牛奶生产 A 1 , 30 桶生产 A 2 ,利润 3360 元。
  • 6. 结果解释 OBJECTIVE FUNCTION VALUE 1) 3360.000 VARIABLE VALUE REDUCED COST X1 20.000000 0.000000 X2 30.000000 0.000000 ROW SLACK OR SURPLUS DUAL PRICES 2) 0.000000 48.000000 3) 0.000000 2.000000 4) 40.000000 0.000000 NO. ITERATIONS= 2 原料无剩余 时间无剩余 加工能力剩余 40 max=72*x1+64*x2; x1+x2<=50; 12*x1+8*x2<=480; 3*x1<=100; 三种资源 “ 资源” 剩余为零的约束为紧约束(有效约束)
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.