This document summarizes the key points from a master's thesis about using Building Information Modeling (BIM) for project execution planning. The thesis investigated BIM uses in the design phase of construction projects through a literature review and interviews with industry experts. The research aimed to identify current BIM practices, trends, success factors, and specific BIM uses in design in order to develop guidelines for project teams. The thesis involved reviewing literature, conducting semi-structured interviews, analyzing the interview content, and defining BIM uses in design in detail.
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
BIM Uses In Design
1. Building Information Modeling
Uses in Design
Project Execution Planning for Building Information Modeling
Nevena Zikic
Master of Science Thesis
CIC Research Program
AE Dept | Penn State University
1
4. Scope Definition and Limitations
Scope:
“Design Facility comprises all the functions
required to define and communicate the
owner’s needs to the builder. These
activities translate the program and
executions plan into bid and construction
documents and operations and
maintenance documents that allow the
facility to meet the owner’s needs”
(Sanvido, 1995: IBPM)
Limitation: US firms with Mid‐Atlantic
focus
4
5. Literature Review: Topics
BIM in Design
State of the Industry
Design Services
Design Coordination Process
Integrated Project Delivery
BIM Benefits and Challenges
BIM Design Productivity Benefits
New and Changed Staffing within Design Firms
BIM Contractual Terms
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6. Literature Review: BIM in Design
BIM as a paradigm change has the potential to modernize the AEC industry
“Strength in the possibility to communicate easily and in a more appropriate
format the design intent and complex construction information to the project
team” (Eastman et al., 2007)
Construction industry the only one that does not use the full benefits of virtual
modeling prior to construction to reduce flaws as opposed to automobile, aircraft,
spacecraft and shipbuilding industry
Source: http://www.zimdaily.com/images/Beijing.jpg http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/id7453_2.jpg
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7. Literature Review: State of the Industry
Estimated efficiency losses in the US capital facilities industry approximately $15.8
billion per year (2002 data) due to inadequate interoperability (NIST’s study “Cost
Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the US Capital Facilities Industry”)
State of the Industry: FMI/CMAA Eight Annual Survey of Owners
Rate benefits that BIM solutions provide/Rate hurdles that slow or prevent
adoption of BIM solutions
• 1. Improved communication and collaboration
BIM Benefits • 2. Higher quality project execution/decision‐making
• 3. Greater assurance of project archival
• 1. Lack of expertise
BIM Hurdles • 2. Greater system complexity
• 3. Lack of industry standards
State of the Industry:
•
Monthly AIA Work‐on‐the‐Boards
Benefit: Enhanced Concern/risk: A higher
survey panel of firm leaders (2007): project quality through percent of project costs
fewer change orders and are incurred earlier,
more accurate changing the traditional
documents phase client billing
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8. Literature Review: Conclusion
Few sources provide specific data on implementation of BIM in design practice
Currently some guidelines available to lead the project team members in how to
develop an executive plan for BIM: Autodesk Communication Specs, AGC
Consensus Docs, AIA E202 Model Program Specs
Intention to identify, define and create structure for BIM uses in design that would
assist in preparing customized project execution plan for BIM
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9. Research Steps
1. Literature Review: clarify the definition of BIM along with identifying various
topics on BIM, its current status, challenges and success factors
Review performed from the industry aspect
Published research: journal papers, BIM guides and various expert articles
2. Semi‐structured Interviews: Interview questions identified after the review of
the available literature and brainstorming sessions with the CIC team members
Modified and pre‐tested in two pilot interviews with industry members
Interviews with 18 design professionals and engineers, industry experts and
BIM champions: data analyzed, summarized and the conclusions drawn
Goal is not to get representative or typical responses, but the data have a
certain structure
Interviewees free to talk about the subject but their talk guided
Eliminate bias: reliability and validity
Rationale: operating in discovery, rather than verification mode (Guba and
Lincoln, 1981)
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10. Research Steps
Cont.
3. Content Analysis: data analysis of BIM expert interviews in design done using
mapping to organize the information
More quantifiable data averaged and organized based upon frequencies
Interview data collected in the following categories:
I. Background Information
II. BIM Execution Planning
III. Uses of BIM
IV. BIM Impact Analysis
V. Case Study
VI. Concluding Questions
4. BIM Uses in Design: creating structure and developing BIM uses in design in
more detail
.
.
.
.
Literature Expert Content BIM Uses
Review Interviews Analysis in Design
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15. Background Information: Personal Experience
Interviewees’ years of experience with BIM:
Beginner level (less than 1 year of experience): 28% or 5 out of 18
Intermediate level (1 to 5 years of experience): 33% or 6 out of 18
Advanced level (more than 5 years of experience): 39% or 7 out of 18
Beginner level < 1 year
28%
39%
Intermediate level 1‐5 years
Advanced level > 5 years
33%
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16. Background Information: Company Experience
Company/Design office’s years of experience with BIM:
Beginner level (less than 1 year of experience): 11% or 2 out of 18
Intermediate level (1 to 5 years of experience): 50% or 9 out of 18
Advanced level (more than 5 years of experience): 39% or 7 out of 18
11%
Beginner level < 1 year
39%
Intermediate level 1‐5 years
Advanced level > 5 years
50%
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17. BIM Execution Plan: Developed or Not?
BIM Execution Plan developed or not?
1/3 of the respondents did not have a specific plan
2/3 had some form of plan usually informal
Only one design office had an extensive implementation plan
No Plan
Some Form of Plan
Extensive Plan
The need for existence of such plan and establishment of standards and guidelines!
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19. BIM Execution Plan: Decisions
What are some of the decisions made in the creation of BIM Ex Plan?
Commit!: The absolute first decision
• Everyone adaptive and come together as a team
Open to considering other ways of doing business
• BIM as a tool not the end result or the goal
Bring the level of understanding throughout the firm
• BIM savvy people build synergy; cohesive understanding and acceptance of BIM
Create new position/job descriptions
• Explore new options, move forward, etc
Early involvement of the constructor
• Collocation of the design and construction team
Develop BIM standards
• Standards are the key; create manual how to do BIM along with templates
Execution of the model set up
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• One or multiple, model uses, shared with client or used internally, team size
20. BIM Execution Plan: Decisions
Cont.
Division of work
• Decide on performance spec items, level of detail, access to the model, legal
Record everything
• How to do work/train, how much detail, etc
Learn to work in multiple platforms
• Agree on version, software, level of detail, etc
Start with humble initial aspirations
• Good set of coordinated drawings, simpler project
Market and present BIM outside of the office
• Spread the message to consultants and owners
Explore new capabilities
• Prefabrication, advanced energy modeling, new workflows, different alliances
Set goals
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• Levels of implementation and number of years to accomplish these goals
21. BIM Execution Plan: Process
What was the process used to develop a BIM Ex plan?
• Leverage core competencies and broaden market appeal
1
• Align technology with business goals and core competencies
2
• Change of mindset is essential: from cost based to value based
business propositions
3
• Develop plan for how to train the company and set goals
4
• Execute fast tracked pilot project and compare to the traditional
approach
5
• Prepare for trial and error since no BIM standards exist yet
6
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22. BIM Execution Plan: Process
Cont.
• Hire software representative or 3rd party consultant to assist
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• Set up a plan with software vendors on how to start a project in BIM
8
• Develop process diagrams and distribute to the whole team
9
• Consider outsourcing the information that goes into these models
10
• Consider expanding services with analytical applications
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• Enable design build or integrated project delivery
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22
24. BIM Uses in Design
The following BIM uses in design were identified during the expert interviews:
BIM Uses in Design
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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25. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
BIM Uses in Design
Arch Design • Visualize the project and help understand
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
the design
Authoring Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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26. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
BIM Uses in Design
• Design discovery/definition: critical decisions made
Programming
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
• Blocking/stacking: tremendous labor saving device
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
• Help get funding and communicate designer’s vision
Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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27. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
Existing BIM Uses in Design
• 3D laser scanning: far less expensive and
more efficient
Conditions
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
• Historic preservation: complex interiors and
Emergency
Modeling lots of detail Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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28. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
• Orientation studies, topography,
BIM Uses in Design
Site Analysis/ existent/future underground utilities,
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
calculations, etc
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
Selection • Environmental/civil engineering or
Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
outsourced to consultants
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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29. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
BIM Uses in Design
• BIM used mostly for arch design authoring
Design and design reviews
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
Reviews • Early in design: effective value engineering,
Emergency
fewer questions and less miscommunication
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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30. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
BIM Uses in Design
• Frequent BIM use: precise, fast and visual
review
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Constructability
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
• Easier to communicate construction details
Emergency
in 3D Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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31. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
• Most frequent BIM use: up to designer/consultants to
BIM Uses in Design
resolve coordination issues
3D Design Analysis/Selection • Increased communicability with consultants: potential
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
to illuminate a lot of errors
Coordination Emergency
• Biggest bonus: error checking, conflict avoidance and
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
resolution
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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32. BIM Uses in Design: Design Communication
• Complicated projects: construction details or
BIM Uses in Design
Virtual Mock‐ certain chosen spaces
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
• Review and testing spaces by their future end
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
ups users and clients: healthcare facilities/courtrooms
Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
• Marketing aspect in high end projects
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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33. BIM Uses in Design: System Analysis
• Egress/circulation paths, fire rated walls, ADA
Emergency
BIM Uses in Design
requirements, turning radiuses, etc
Security Analysis/Selection • International Code Council project Smart Codes
Evacuation
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Code Validation
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
Validation • Codes very open to local interpretation
Emergency
Planning • Code officials unable to use electronic data for code
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
review yet
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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34. BIM Uses in Design: System Analysis
BIM Uses in Design
Engineering
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
Analyses Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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35. BIM Uses in Design: System Analysis
BIM Uses in Design
• BIM used for drawing and avoiding conflicts
Structural
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection
• Using external applications to create Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
Analysis analytical models Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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36. BIM Uses in Design: System Analysis
BIM Uses in Design
• Effective for value engineering: abundance
of energy modeling and analysis software
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Energy Analysis
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
• Help fine tune the design: site analysis and
Emergency
sustainability efforts Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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37. BIM Uses in Design: System Analysis
BIM Uses in Design
• Part of sustainability evaluation: tools very
Lighting rudimentary
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
Analysis • Hopefully lighting/sustainability analyses
Emergency
soon integrated in one rich database
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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38. BIM Uses in Design: System Analysis
BIM Uses in Design
• Not as developed since tools lagging behind
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
HVAC Analysis
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection
• Time for more integrated design solutions Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
to emerge Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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39. BIM Uses in Design: System Analysis
BIM Uses in Design
Sustainability • No full BIM capabilities yet: energy and
lighting analysis complement LEED
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
(LEED)
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
• Software disconnected from the rating
Evaluation
Emergency
system: USGBC working with Autodesk
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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40. BIM Uses in Design: Estimating
• Designers not asked to provide the service
BIM Uses in Design
yet: back checking suspicious aspects and
Arch Design Existing Conditions Site Engineering Sustainability Phase Planning (4D
Cost Estimating
Programming Design Reviews Code Checking Cost Estimating
offer early estimates
Authoring Modeling Analysis/Selection Analysis (LEED) Evaluation Modeling)
• Crucial for model to be 100% accurate:
Emergency
Evacuation
Constructability Structural Analysis
Planning
better if model shared in design build or IPD
3D Design
Security Validation Energy Analysis
Coordination
Virtual Mock‐ups Lighting Analysis
HVAC Analysis
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44. BIM Uses in Design: Content/Level of Detail
Cont.
5. Establish model level of detail per project by design
team: mechanical ducts 10” or more, electrical
conduit 2.5” or more, slab penetrations over 6x6”, etc
6. Manufacturers to provide model contents with
product information: library of products with
selections hesitant to share due to liability
7. Build central library with generic content not
manufacturer specific: track specific information at
project level; special group to create content
8. Consider external manufacturers’ database
(Architect’s Design Studio Tool): contains data not
library of objects; take chosen products’ attributes
back to the model
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46. BIM Uses in Design: Team Competencies
> Understanding BIM on corporate
and strategic level by management
> Imperative for
> Cultural shift of
senior people to > Good solid BIM
modeling instead
lead the building training
of drafting
technology effort
> Team
composition and > Team building > Teamwork and
level of from day one synergy of team
experience
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47. BIM Uses in Design: Top Skills
Coordination
Knowledge of
Collaboration
design tools
Top
Knowledge of
design Communication
skills
disciplines
Problem
Flexibility
solving
Positive
attitude
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48. BIM Uses in Design: Legal/Insurance/Contract
What are some of the legal/insurance/contractual considerations?
Legal issues considered the most important to address
• Adding BIM contract language to limit liability: BIM model for information only; no case law yet
Contractual language to develop partnerships with people and teams you can trust
• First BIM documents published: Consensus DOCs and BIM Addendum
Full not partial BIM would lead to revised legal and insurance considerations
• Sharing drawings with disclaimer or electronic paralegal agreement or deliver them in read only format
If everyone is sharing the benefits, everyone needs to share the risk together
• Best environment in design build or IPD contractual relationship; ongoing effort to do IPD and share
profit pool
Insurance addresses BIM in a neutral way
• No case work to show BIM project is more or less risky; downstream BIM is seen as less risky leading to
reducing the rates for everyone
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49. BIM Impact Analysis: Done or Not?
Anecdotal data
Metrics: no
report:
• Starts with 35% less
measurable data
• Based on project productivity
available yet
data, performances • After 4‐5 months • 80% decrease in
and hours tracked back to the same
• Hours to complete clashes
• Mostly profitable as level
the project • Savings in cost for
before if not more • Following projects
• RFI tracking system rework
• No RFIs on conflicts having increase
• Conflicts resolved • Time savings
or document quality • Compare two similar
• The number or • RFIs answered in
projects
people using BIM
Detailed analysis two weeks
rarely done and no • Percentage of • Reduced
projects done in BIM
metrics yet productivity due to
BIM implementation
training
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50. BIM Impact Analysis: Cost and Design Fees
Cost Up
• Hardware/software
• Training staff
• Schematic design phase
Cost Down
• Unit cost of professional services
• Decrease in errors and omissions
• Bids under budget
• Construction and change order cost
• Design better communicated
Design fees restructured to affect the reality of building the model:
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51. BIM Impact Analysis: Time
Time negatively affected
• Gearing up the company to
execute BIM
Time positively affected
• Architectural practice and design
in general
• Reduction in overall delivery time
by eliminating conflicts
• Overall design schedule: time
savings in CD and CA phase
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52. BIM Impact Analysis: Quality
Quality negatively affected
• Overall project delivery quality still
lacking
• Only quality improved not time or
cost
Quality positively affected
• Project quality in general goes up
• Better coordination: issues caught
immediately
• Much less RFIs initiated
• No last minute adding of the staff
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53. BIM Impact Analysis: Staff Composition
Did composition of the design staff change with BIM implementation?
Changing technology and practice management:
Leadership
•Challenge to motivate individuals and lead them through the process
•1/3 of respondents said the design staff composition did not change dramatically
More technological and less academic background needed for designers
Management
Change in time having no drafters just designers and also having specialty occupations
BIM champions need to be trained first, then work with newbies and applications manager
Mentoring
Large design offices completely restructured its staff: BIM users, BIM leaders, BIM
coordinator, Digital Design Coordinator, etc
Small design offices cut the number of their staff: remaining staff more experienced
Incentives
Others still same roles, but might have total collapse of the hierarchy with BIM
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54. BIM Impact Analysis: New Roles
BIM Users
BIM BIM Model
Manager/
Manager in
IT Model Master
BIM
Model BIM Leaders
BIM MEP Corporate/
Manager
Local
BIM BIM
Integrator Coordinator
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55. BIM Impact Analysis: Critical Success Factors
What are some of the critical success factors for BIM implementation?
• Organizational change management/motivational challenge for staff: crucial in
changing practice
1.
• Understanding of what BIM is, what to expect from it and how to operate
2.
• Practice/process driven approach important since BIM not just technology
3.
• Full application of BIM leads to full award
4.
• Owner requirements drive BIM implementation
5.
• Upper management must strongly support the BIM implementation
6.
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56. BIM Impact Analysis: Critical Success Factors
Cont.
• Investment of more senior people upfront to have good working model
7.
• Staff needs to be open minded, want change, research and learn BIM
8.
• Quality incremental training, project focused and with continuous commitment
9.
• Best practices /standards: BIM model set up with defined contents/all disciplines
10.
• Capability, flexibility of the team, communication and adopting changes critical
11.
• BIM process seriously pre‐planned: BIM Project Execution Planning
12.
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57. BIM Impact Analysis: Issues/Concerns
What are some of the issues or concerns rising with BIM implementation?
Implementation business model for Losing control of information major
BIM does not exist yet fear of designers
Address technical issues:
Benefit of BIM worth the cost just
interoperability and data exchange
for new construction?
(IFC format and NavisWorks)
Design decisions need to be made Adapt to changes in the software
much faster due to upgrades each year
BIM authoring tools make it easy to Libraries/components still missing
do a bad building or design and need to be more developed
Model has to be accurate: no
Poorly trained people and lack of
hidden information or forced
experience of junior people
dimensions 57
58. BIM Impact Analysis: Risks
What are some of the risks incurred in the BIM implementation?
Choose a wrong type of project to
start and change practice to BIM
Duty risks: Unknown risks:
• Knowingly assumed based • Changed by increasing
Project managers who do not accept on signed contracts and knowledge and carefully
the technology yet professional licensure executing BIM
Legal protection when sharing the
model not being set in place yet
Manufacturer’s product data/objects
incorrect and represent liability
IPD carrying a lot of risk that we are
not aware of yet
58
59. Concluding: Future Industry Trends
What are some of the future trends in the BIM implementation?
• BIM momentum changing the industry: BIM more prevalent and more of
1. a norm like green technologies
• Organizational structure changing: Arch + AE firms merging into one
2. enterprise (design build, big conglomerates or developers)
• Transition to BIM as consistent trend for owners: BIM tied much more
3. with FM, O&M and into fabrication and supply chain
• IPD, teams that work frequently together and have mutual trust in IPD
4. • IPD and design build emerging as clients’ method of delivery preference
• Delivering projects in BIM and CDs replaced by the BIM model
5. • 2D drawings might disappear or be second to the model
59
60. Concluding: Future Industry Trends
Cont.
• BIM software more interoperable and compatible: IFC format becoming
6. more robust and universal, leading to database standards
• More fabrication expected from digital model: components built off site,
7. laser cut and assembled in controlled environment and brought to site
• Increase in staff specialization: people highly skilled in certain areas and
8. workforce expected to be versed in many different BIM software
• Academia investing time and resources in BIM education: creating new
9. curriculum for BIM and VDC and introducing leadership programs
• Virtual collaboration and communication with people, clients and
10. disciplines around the globe: BIM Storm
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61. Acknowledgments: Participants
Design
Burt Hill Cagley DMJM
Byline
Fox
Gensler HDR Jacobs
Architects
Kling Lessard O’Neil and
Leo A Daly
Stubbins Group Manion
Rast
ONYX OPP RTKL
Studio
Smith
VOA
Group
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62. Building Information Modeling
Uses in Design
Project Execution Planning for Building Information Modeling
A buildingSMART Alliance project sponsored by:
The Charles Pankow Foundation
Construction Industry Institute (CII)
Clark Construction
Penn State Office of Physical Plant (OPP)
PACE
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