1. New
Top-­‐Level
Domain
Names
Munich
26
September,
2011

2. Agenda
• ICANN
• Domain names
• New gTLD Program Development
• Policy development
• Rights protection
• Malicious conduct mitigation
• Where to get more information
2

3. ICANN
3

4. What
is
ICANN?
• Internet
CorporaAon
for
Assigned
Names
&
Numbers
• We
do:
• “Names”;
servicing
the
Domain
Name
System
• “Numbers”;
allocaAng
IP
address
blocks
• “Parameters”;
maintaining
data
bases
for
IETF
• Develop
policy
in
boOom-­‐up
processes
involving
all
stakeholders
globally
4

5. What
is
ICANN?
• A
mulA-­‐stakeholder,
• private
sector
led,
boOom-­‐up
policy
development
model
• for
DNS
technical
coordinaAon
• that
acts
for
the
benefit
of
global
Internet
users.
5

6. Opera6ng
Principles
• Help
keep
the
unique
idenAfiers
system
and
root
management
stable
and
secure
• Promote
compeAAon
among
registrars
and
registries,
and
thus,
promote
choice
for
registrants
• “MulA-­‐stakeholder”:
a
forum
where
many
different
groups
can
work
out
Internet
Policy
6

7. The ICANN Community
7

8. What
ICANN
does
not
do
• Content
on
the
Internet
• Spam
• Financial
transacAons
online
• Consumer
protecAon
law
• Data
protecAon
law
• Intellectual
property
law
• E-­‐commerce,
e-­‐educaAon,
e-­‐government,
etc.
8

9. Addi6onal
Resources
• hOp://icann.org
• hOp://gnso.icann.org
• hOp://ccnso.icann.org
• hOp://aso.icann.org
• hOp://www.atlarge.icann.org
• hOp://gac.icann.org
• hOp://www.icann.org/en/commiOees/security/
• hOp://www.icann.org/en/commiOees/dns-­‐root/
9

10. The
Anatomy
of
a
Domain
Name
First
or
Top-­‐Level
Second-­‐Level
Third-­‐Level
w w w. m e e 6 n g s . i c a n n . o r g
10

11. Terminology
Clarifica6ons
• gTLD
-­‐
generic
Top-­‐Level
Domain
• Operated
through
an
agreement
with
CIANN
• UnAl
today,
limited
to
ASCII
character
• ccTLD
-­‐
country
code
Top-­‐Level
Domain
• Operated
by
the
local
registry
operator
under
the
rules
of
that
jurisdicAon
• UnAl
recently,
limited
to
two-­‐leOer
ISO
Country
Codes
• IDN
-­‐
Interna6onalized
Domain
Name
• Domain
name
represented
by
local
language
characters
11

12. ROOT
.org
.mil .dm
.jp
.va
.ws
.be
gTLD ccTLD
.com
.asia
.gov
.jobs
.info
.edu
.int
.sg
.eg
.nl
.tr
.cn
.net
.name
.hr
.cl
.mobi
.museum
.pro
.post
.mx
.jm
.tv
.py
.cv
.pt
.travel
.biz
.kr
.is
.au
.cc
.tel
.xxx
.aero
.arpa
.br
.mo
.eu
.coop
.cat
.nz
.ru
New
gTLD
Program
Fast
Track
Program
New
gTLDs
IDN
ccTLDs
.city
.acronym
-.% .சிங்கப்பூர்
.gIDNs
.brand
.generic
‫.ا%$رات‬ . ไทย
.community
.region
. 香港 .рф
&'‫ا,+*)د‬
.
12

13. What
is
a
gTLD
Registry?
• gTLDs
have
an
Agreement
with
ICANN:
specific
technical
requirements
• A
registry
is
the
authoritaAve,
master
database
of
all
domain
names
registered
in
each
top-­‐level
domain
• Keeps
the
master
database
and
also
generates
the
"zone
file"
which
allows
computers
to
route
Internet
traffic
to
and
from
top-­‐level
domains
anywhere
in
the
world
• Most
Internet
users
don't
interact
directly
with
the
registry
operator;
users
can
register
names
by
using
registrars
13

14. What
is
the
New
gTLD
Program?
• An
iniAaAve
that
will
enable
the
introducAon
of
generic
top-­‐
level
domain
names
(including
IDNs)
• Intended
to
realize
full
benefits
of
growing
Internet
• Intended
to
facilitate
compeAAon,
choice
for
Internet
users
and
innovaAon
• Encourage
parAcipaAon
of
communiAes
• Geographic
• Language
• Cultural
14

15. ICANN’s
Mission
and
New
gTLDs
1998 - founding documents
“The new corporation ultimately should … oversee policy for
determining the circumstances under which
new TLDs are added to the root system”
ICANN Memoranda of Understanding
“Define and implement a predictable strategy
for selecting new TLDs”
15

16. gTLD
Timeline
Predating ICANN
(before 1998) 2004 Round
.com .edu .aero .biz .coop .asia .cat .xxx
.gov .int .mil .net .info .museum .jobs .mobi .tel
.org .arpa .name .pro .travel .post
2000 Round New gTLD Program
Policy development
Dec 2005 to Sep 2007
16

17. Public Participation
and the Draft Applicant
Guidebook
•
October
2008
(version
1)
•
May
2009
(excerpts)
•
March
2009
(version
2)
Program Launch
•
October
2009
(version
3)
12 January –
•
February
10
(excerpts)
Board Publication 12 April 2012
•
May
2010
(version
4)
Approval of Final
•
November
2010
(proposed
final
version)
Final Applicant
•
April
2011
Discussion
Drah
Guidebook Guidebook
•
May
2011
Applicant
Guidebook
ICANN Board Communications On-going status
Policy approval Campaign reporting on
Jun 2008 20 June 2011 ICANN’s website
17

18. New gTLD Policy Development
• 21-­‐month
intensive,
boOom-­‐up
effort
by
ICANN’s
volunteer
policy
development
body,
tesAng
“implementability”
• Face-­‐to-­‐face
meeAngs
• Numerous
public
comment
periods
• Informed
by
several
independent
working
groups
• IDN
• Reserved
names
• ProtecAon
of
right
• Informed
by
ICANN’s
Advisory
CommiOees
• Governmental
Advisory
CommiOee
Principles
on
New
gTLDs
• The
At-­‐Large
community
• Security
and
Stability
Advisory
CommiOee
18
18

19. Policy Conclusions
• New
gTLDs
will
provide
benefit
:
• Broaden
DNS
parAcipaAon
• Increased
choice,
compeAAon
• Include
IDNs
• New
gTLDs
should
not
cause
security
or
stability
issues
• AllocaAon
method
and
selecAon
criteria
guidance
• Limited
by
rounds
• Not
limited
by
category
• Certain
important
issues
should
be
protected
19
19

20. Interests to be Protected in the Process
• Intellectual
property
rights
• Community
interests
• Limited
public
interest
safeguards:
sensiAve
names
• User
confusion
should
be
avoided
• Interests
of
governments
20
20

21. Policy Implementation: Applicant Guidebook
• IteraAon
with
ICANN
community
• Seven
complete
versions
of
Guidebook
• 47
comment
periods
–
over
2400
comments
/
analyses
• 55
Explanatory
memoranda
/
Independent
reports
• Economic
studies
• ConsultaAon
with
SSAC
/
RSAC
/
Root
Server
Operators
• Development
of
dispute
resoluAon
processes
• Right
protecAon
mechanisms
and
malicious
conduct
miAgaAon
measures
21
21

22. Rights
Protec6on
Mechanisms
&
Mi6ga6ng
Malicious
Conduct
22

23. Development of Rights Protection Mechanisms
• A
team
formed
from
IP
experts
recommended
specific
Rights
ProtecAon
Mechanisms
• Subsequent
public
consultaAons
• Online
forums
(~300
comments)
&
comment
analysis
• Sydney,
New
York,
London,
Seoul
meeAngs
• Then,
a
mulA-­‐disciplinary
team
examined
the
policy
aspects
of
IP
team
recommendaAons
• ICANN’s
Governmental
Advisory
CommiOee
and
Board
collaborated
on
improvements
• Result:
a
set
of
trademark
protecAons
for
new
gTLDs
23

24. Right Protection Mechanisms
• At the “top-level,” i.e.,
o during the TLD application and evaluation processes
o during registry operations
• At the “second-level,” i.e.,
o when domain names are registered in the new registry
o when registrant operate domain name sites
24

25. During the evaluation process:
Grounds for Formal Objection to a new TLD Application
• Legal Rights – infringement of the objector’s rights
• String Confusion – string causes confusion
• Limited Public Interest – violates principles of int’l law
• Community – misappropriation of a community label
Characterised by independent dispute resolution
ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee Advice on New gTLDs
• Concerns based on national laws or other sensitivities
25

26. Trademark protections against second-level abuses
• Purpose:
• miAgate
need
for
defensive
registraAons,
and
• lower
costs
for
trademark
owners
• Trademark
protecAon
mechanisms
• Trademark
Clearinghouse
• Mandatory
Sunrise
process
• Manadtory
IP
Claims
process
• Uniform
rapid
suspension
process
• Mandatory
“thick”
Whois
data
• Post-­‐delegaAon
claims
directly
against
registry
26

27. REGISTRY
LIFECYCLE Rights Protection Mechanisms
PRE-LAUNCH LAUNCH ONGOING OPERATIONS
IP CLEARINGHOUSE UNIFORM RAPID SUSPENSION
IP CLAIMS
POST-DELEGATION
DISPUTE PROCESS
SUNRISE
THICK WHOIS
UDRP
27

28. Malicious Conduct Mitigation Measures
• Enhanced
requirements
and
background
checks
• Disclosure
of
previous
involvement
in
UDRP
process
• Demonstrated
plan
for
DNSSEC
deployment
• No
wildcarding
/
remove
glue
records
• ElecAve
TLD
security
designaAon
program
• Requirement
for
thick
Whois
• Publish
anA-­‐abuse
contact
and
suspension
procedures
• Expedited
Registry
Security
Request
process
• Centralised
zone
file
access
28

29. Applying
(or
not)
for
a
gTLD
29

30. When…
30

31. Evaluation Process
more tomorrow…..
31

32. Program Timeline
Jan
2012
Apr
2012
Nov
2012
Dec
2012
Dec
2013
Receive
Process
Transi6on
to
Delegate
Applica6ons
Applica6ons
Delega6on
TLD
32
Confidential & Proprietary

33. Whether
or
not
I
Choose
to
Apply…
Monitor
the
program
to
understand
poten6al
benefits
and
risks:
The
New
gTLD
Program
is
intended
to
bring
benefit
to
the
billions
of
Internet
users
who
do
not
apply
for
a
TLD
 Understand
new
opportuniAes
 Impact
to
brand/trademark
 Impact
to
community
and
geographic
names
 Changes
to
Internet
 User
behavior
33

34. More
Informa6on…
• Applicant Guidebook
• www.icann.org/newgtlds
• Factsheets
• Global Events
• New
gTLD
Program
web-­‐pages
• Public Comments
• Write
to:
newgtld@icann.org
• Explanatory Memos
• Independent Reports
NewgTLDsICANN
34

35. Conclusion
As
the
introducAon
of
new
top-­‐level
domains
draw
near,
ICANN
remains
commiOed
to
conducAng
the
process,
and
enforcing
agreements
in
a
way
that:
• Assures
ongoing
stability
and
security
of
the
DNS
• Protects
the
legal
rights
of
others
• Promotes
compeAAon
and
choice
for
users
• Engenders
global
stakeholder
parAcipaAon
in
the
Internet
35

36. Thank
You