1. Designing Institutions for social
transformation:
models for scaling up inclusive grassroots innovations
Anil Gupta, IIMA,
Honey Bee Network and NIF
anilgb@gmail.com www.nifindia.org www.sristi.org

2. Three Models of inclusive social innovations
a)bridges, brokers and benevolent bania
(money lender, informal or formal like bank or
micro finance) -1987
b)Meeting unmet Needs: Need-felt or unfelt,
articulated, not articulated, aggregated or not
aggregated, registered or not registered,
responded or not responded, 1990
c)Spawning, Sustaining, and Scaling up local
or grassroots innovations, 1988-89, Honey
Bee Network

3. Honey Bee Network
founded in 1987-1988
A nameless, faceless innovator or traditional knowledge
holder comes into contact with the Network and gets an identity,
voice, visibility and viability of its sustainable vision .

4. Honey Bee Network
A network for sharing ideas
generated from the most deprived areas
by their most ingenious minds
A honey bee, which gathers nectar from
a flower and facilitates pollination of
the other flowers, helps the flowers to bloom
The flower does not have any reason to
complain!
Anil K Gupta
Honey Bee Network
LH Forum, France
September 2013

5. Honey Bee Network
The Honey Bee Network's philosophy facilitates
the development of a knowledge ecosystem,
where the knowledge holder gets
acknowledgment and recognition
for the development and dissemination of
his knowledge/innovation with others
This is why social and ethical capital are crucial
Anil K Gupta
Honey Bee Network
LH Forum, France
September 2013

6. Honey Bee Network
1: Learning from common people is inevitable
2: Innovations are embedded in the
grassroots economy
3: Companies should learn to change their min
and engage with people because they’ll lea
Anil K Gupta
Honey Bee Network
LH Forum, France
September 2013

7.
Intellectual
capital
Social capital
Trust, reciprocity and third part sanctions
External regulation
Natural
capital
( commoditization of
resources, stored,
sold, exchanged,
Intellectual property
( that part of ic from the
commercial applications of which,
one can exclude others for a
given period of time)
Ethical Capital
( internal regulations)
Source: Gupta, 2001

8. Bridging the gaps left unmet by markets
and state
Values in Vogue: Institutional Pathways for
Sustaining Grassroots Innovations for Creating
Public Goods
Resource
allocation
rules
Boundary
rules
Governance
rules
Conflict
resolution
rules
Source: Gupta, 1985

9. GOLDEN TRIANGLE for rewarding CREATIVITY
Leadership is
to take note of
ex ante and ex
post
transaction
costs and deal
with them
upfront,
If not, these are
transferred to the
weaker partner
Innovation
Enterprise
Investment

10. Overcoming knowledge and power
asymmetries
• The ex-ante transaction costs have four
components:
• (i) searching information
• (ii) finding supplier,
• (iii) negotiating social contract and
• (iv) drawing up the social contract.

11. • The ex-post transaction costs include
• (i) monitoring and compliance,
• (ii) side payments, i.e., concessions which can make
the contract enforceable through modified
inducements/ discounts,
• (iii) resolution of conflicts if any and
• (iv) redrawing the contract if none of the above
help in going ahead with the contract.
• While designing the eco system, the institutions and
actors have to reduce their transaction costs if any
mediating platform has to have legitimacy.

12. • Generate market for innovations, and inventions to bring in
potential buyers and sellers together through licensing ( or
even piracy with loss of incentives)
• Signaling to society: trends in knowledge economy about
where are future demands being estimated, ( uncertainty in
domains of knowledge versus uncertainty in domain of
applications)
• Creates possible knowledge networks
• Makes it possible for people to survive only by virtue of their
knowledge, brings new kind of entrepreneurs in market place

13. blending
Passion,
purpose
and
Performance
Through
Platforms
Sristi, gian, national innovation foundation,
techpedia.in,
Next: open source multimedia multi-language content for children,
cultural creativity, innovations in governance

14. What is missing?
The realisation that there are
a large number of innovative
ideas at grassroots level
has not dawned on the
policy makers and thinkers YET
play
If the pervasive existence of grassroots
innovations is recognised,
should one assume that they could
go forward without risk capital?

15. But …
… there are thousands of creative people everywhere in the world who
are solving social problems through their own efforts without any
external help
play
play

16. From Microfinance to
Micro Venture Innovation Finance
Micro finance is given for goods and services for which markets do exis
some thing
neeeds to
change :)
Micro venture finance is primarily for
innovative
activities for which demand is yet to be
created

17. Why Micro Venture Finance
Most ideas developed at grassroots level are at the proof of concept stage
They have to be converted into prototype, product/service and later into ut
There is no reason that risk capital will not be inevitable
for smaller innovations when it is so crucial for IT, BT or
other technologies
One needs in the jargon of venture capital:
pre-angel funds, angel funds and micro venture innovation funds

18. Making strategic breakthroughs
Domain characteristics
Technological platforms
Known
Known
incremental innovations,
adaptive trials, user-led
modifications. , incubation
Product Development,
Unknown
amplify the
form, features and
functions
Unknown
R & D with external
experts, new actors and
new arrangements
Paradigmatic
disruption, discontinuity and
non-parameteric approaches ,
sanctuary model

19. How to reward:
Portfolio of Incentives for Innovations
Forms of Incentives
Material
non material
material-individual
Ipr
Target
of
individual
Incentives
or
non
ipr
non-material-individual
based
awards
Awards
Recognition
Honour
Memorial
R and d grants
Endowments
collective
material-collective
non-material-collective
Trust funds
Policy changes
Venture and incubation
funds
Collective awards
Pedagogic changes

20. Transformation is possible
Story of
:
five transformations
a)New Chemistry of sustainability equation: circular
economy and technology, institutions and cultual
alignment
b)From initiative to institutionalization
c) Frugal, friendly, flexible and futuristic heuristics
d) New models of engaging children and youth
e) New models of financing and co-creation – techpedia.in,
empathetic innovations, inverted model of innovation

21. Dimensions of Inclusion
– Spaces
– Sectors
– Seasons: stable to fluctuating
– Social segments
– Skills and knowledge
Inclusive Innovation

22. Bur why does inertia
takes over?
Is inertia inherent in
the way we govern
ourselves or is it just a
passing phase?

23. How long? just about 200 years

24. Try to forget the pain of back bending centuries
of paddy transplanting
Source: https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/view?pq=paddy+transplanting+image&hl=fr&sugexp=gsis,i18n%3Dtrue&cp=31&gs_id=n&xhr=t&q=paddy+transplanting+i

25. Meghalaya
Technology is
like words,
institutions are
like grammar
and culture is like
thesaurus
Sustainability equation
Three pillars of
sustainability

26. Long tail of innovation (only a few
innovations achieve scale, a large number sell a few pieces
or in a few communities)
Room for
maneuver
Long nose
of
innovation:
Take long
time to
come into
market

27. Third transformation: Institutional heuristics
CREATING open source PUBLIC STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE

28. Recognizing the traditions of
Excellence:
an eye for detail
Leadership is to look for excellence in every day life, all around, even on roadside, AnantNa
Jammu and Kashmir

29. Autopoiesis at grassroots for
inclusive development
creativity, compassion, communication and collaboration
anil
Honey Bee Network
www.Sristi.org/anilg anilg@sristi.org
creativity, compassion,
anilgb@gmail.com
communication and
www.nifindia.org
collaboration
Techpedia.in

30. Just
70
Euro
Low Cost Wind mill
Stronger, durable version,
900 euro, saves diesel
Mehtar Hussain and Mushtaq Ahmad, Assam
worth 700 euro in one
season of salt making
Over 35 units installed in salt farming regions
of Gujarat to improve livelihood of poor salt
farmers
New heuristics:
Maximizing output per unit of time and smoothening the flow are not always sustainable
Innovation by Mehtar Husain and Mushtaq Ahmed from Assam to Gujarat

31. 1) Artefactual
- as a replication of solution level
2) Analogic - metaphor to inspire
3) Heuristic
- as a model or principle
4) Gestalt
- configurational level
Gupta, 2012, Own compilation
Learning platforms
from concrete to abstract

32. Few Variations of
Bullet Santi / Handio

33. Fortune at the Top
of the
Ethical and Innovation
Pyramid
Scooter based washing machine
Service at your door step
Sheikh Jahangir, Jalgaon, Maharshtra
Scooter mounted flour mill

34. Compressed air car
Mr. Kanak Gogoi, Assam, cost per km, 60 paise

35. Solutions for the poor and the rich, by
the poor: but this is not Jugaad,
Non stick clay pan: Rs 60 /= Mansukh Bhai Prajapati, Surendra Nagar, Gujarat

36. Mansukhbhai : Mitticool Product Range

37. Automated Circular Kiln that
Mansukhbhai made specially for the baking tawas and diyas

38. One of the kiln he uses today

39. Herbal Agricultural Products
growth promoters, fruit ripeners, anti-termite
products, pesticides
formulations for mastitis, bloat, ephemeral
fever, diarrohea, rop, lactogogue, etc
Community
knowledge based
herbal plant growth
promoters
and
pesticides
sold
Kamaal/Clamp
–
herbal Products
the
formulation for agricultural throughout
country with share
use
of profit going back
Ishwar Singh Kundu, Haryana to the community
The product has diffused
through sales channels widely
in Haryana, Punjab, Uttar
Pradesh, parts of Bihar,
Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh
Herbal Veterinary Products
Herbal medication for mastitis
Ukhardiyabhai Somabhai Raot,
Gujarat
Technology is available under the
brand name Mastiherb
Herbal medication for
ephemeral fever
Naval Kishore Singh,
Bihar
Technology is available
under the brand name
Ephelixin-3D

40. The President of India honours grassroots innovators, launches
National Innovation Clubs and hosts an innovation exhibition at the
President’s house; NIF becomes an Institute of Department of
Science and Technology
Initiative to Institutionalisation

41. The former President awards children innovators every year at the
IGNITE Award function by NIF at IIMA
Initiative to Institutionalisation

42. National Innovation Clubs
•Search: Celebrating the decade of innovation by
scouting and mapping the creativity and
innovations in the hinterland
•Spread: Disseminating/Cross-pollinating
innovations across spaces, social segments and
sectors
•Sense or Benchmark: Identifying the roots of
persistent problems and the mindsets that trigger
their continued tolerance in society to solve
problems
•Celebrate: Recognising achievers in different social
spheres

43. Andhra Pradesh
Meghalaya
Energy – new heuristics
Do we harvest it efficiently?
Can our mothers from the
North East and Southern
India teach us some thing
new?
Mizoram

44. Three tier system
of harnessing
energy : Jyoti,
Arku Valley,
Andhra Pradesh,
India
Is
Frugality
Fungible?

45. Curiosity is thy nature, indifference is
ours?????????
How can we scout innovative ideas from kids ,
tech students, informal sector and professional
individuals?

46. Ignite
Recognising creativity of children and nurturing
their dreams:
thank God, children are much less patient with inertia than us

47. Why pierce skin to
get a blood test done?
I wish to make a blood testing system
that would do the required test by
scanning the skin surface or testing
the skin excretions :srishti class iv
I want to integrate the
gait of a person with a mobile. As walking style differ person to person,
the software will be able to identify the signals based on the body movements while
walking
If the mobile will sense a different movement once act
will lock itself and send a message about its location
predefined number. : anurag rathor 9th class
I want a high tech school bus
which can give alert signal as
it approaches my bus stop. I
would not miss my bus this
way!!: pallavi, 9th class

48. Nisha Chaube
NOIDA
Bag with folding seat

49. Arnab from, West Bengal

50. Arnab, west bengal

52. adu
tamiln
h,
Surves

53. Typhoid Fever
•Typhoid is one of the most common worldwide bacterial diseases transmitted by
ingestion of food and water, contaminated with Salmonella typhi. Poor sanitation
conditions promote the occurrence and re-occurrence of typhoid
•Symptoms of typhoid includes frequent fever and gastric problems.
•Typhoid fever persist for three weeks to a month, which may be fatal if not
treated.
•Treatment of typhoid includes various chemical drugs such as ampicillin,
chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin etc
•Resistance of causal organism towards these commonly used drugs is one of the
major concern worldwide. Typhoid resistance to these drugs are known as Multi
Drug Resistant Typhoid (MDR-Typhoid)
Herbal Formulation for Typhoid:
•Extract and fractions obtained from Shorea
robusta was evaluated against causal
organism of typhoid and all of them
showed good control in in vitro conditions.
•Toxicity of the above was also tested in in
vivo conditions in Swiss albino mice at
different dose and it was found non-toxic
even at the oral dose of 1200mg/kg.

54. • a portal by SRISTI (sristi.org) pooling 167,000
engineering projects by 400k students from
over 600 institutions
• engaging with youth
www.techpedia.in

55. Bicyle Refrigerator For Rural Areas
Student/ Author : Sagar Chandrakant Gadkar, Amol Raghunath Kachare, Sanjay
Shivaji Kachare, Suyog Hanmant Jadhav
Guided By : Prof. S. A. Khot
College : Padmabhushan Vasantraodada Patil Institute of technology, Budhgaon,
Sangli
It is a 50 lit capacity, refrigerator which is powered by a rear wheel of bicycle. To
achieve the required rpm of compressor we provide a larger pulley of dia 20 inch on
rear wheel shaft through which pulley we run the compressor and achieved the
required output. Steady paddling of bicycle at 14 km/hr. for 30 minutes at an
ambient temperature of 35 C, brings down the temperature in box to 8 C.

56. Shanu Sharma, Vardan, IITK

57. Image, Speech Recognition and
Speech Synthesis
for people with hearing and speaking disabilities
Saurabh Saket and Rahul Ranjan
Bhutta College of Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana

58. Exhaust pipe
cools drivers
cabin, Pune
Lpg gas based refrigerator
Chintan, Mayank,
Biren Mehsana
Hot water from fridge
Dhruv Mehsana
Has any big company given you a fridge that also provides hot water, keeps food
warm and consumes less electricity?

59. Vazra, head load carrier by Lohar

60. Database of Published Practices
www.honeybee.org

61. Common Property Resource Institutions
www.sristi.org/cpr

62. Veterinary:
-Calotropis reduces swelling in cattle (Honey Bee 10(3) 15, 1999)
-Lice control in poultry (Honey Bee, 13(3): 10, 2002)
-Calotropis mixed with ghee for wound healing (Honey Bee: 11(2)13, 2000)
-Calotropis as treatment for rabies (Honey Bee, 2(1):21, 1991)
Agriculture:
-Calotropis as pest control for caterpillar (Honey Bee, 10(4): 12,1999)
-Calotropis as secondary plant to avert white ants (Honey Bee, 9(4): 11, 1998)
Human:
- Healing pain in joints, sprains, swellings and arthritis (Honey Bee, 15(2):13, 2004)
Other:
-Calotropis latex used for leather tanning (Honey Bee, 7(2):14, 1996)
-Calotropis used as griddle for baking bread cakes over burning charcoal (Honey Bee, 9(3):8,
1998)
Application of Calotropis
Honey Bee Published Practices - www.honeybee.org

63. Mind to Market
The Case of Herbavate

64. Herbvate Skin Ointment
It is based on the knowledge of seven innovators from six
districts: Sabarkanth, Panchmahal, Dang, Mahsana, Patan and
Bhavnagar of Gujarat. Herbavate exhibits remarkable properties
against eczema and a variety of inflammatory and infectious skin
conditions.
Communities:
The innovators of Herbavate: 1. Amratbhai Shankarbhai Rawal,
Mehsana Gujarat. 2. Kunjubhai Kakadiyabhai Bhoya, Dang
Gujarat 3. Pujabhai Dabhi, Sabarkantha, Gujarat 4. Karshanbhai
Parmar, Sabarkantha Gujarat 5. Laxmanbhai Pagi, Panchmahal,
Gujarat 6. Lilabhai Rawal, Patan Gujarat 7. Lakhabhai Becharbhai
Khatana, Bhavnagar Gujarat

66. HBN- Incubator of Institutions
National level body
supported by DST.
Govt of India to
scale up green
grassroots
innovations
First formal steps,
an NGO to
support the HBN
Regional Technology
Business Incubators
to augment grassroots
innovation through
value addition &
business development
Informal Network of like minded
people and organizations. It has
no physical address

67. Functions
NIF
Scouting
and
Documentation
Value Addition
& Product
Development
Enterprise
& Business
Development
IPRs
Management
Dissemination &
Information
Technology

68. Current Status
• Scouted more than 170,000, ideas,
innovations, traditional knowledge
practices (Not all unique)
• 600 patents filed on behalf of innovators
• 550 projects supported for value addition
• 179 projects under Micro venture
innovation fund
• Transferred 68 technologies to 80 licensees

70. g2G
grassroots to global
Global GIAN – Building a Global Value
Chain for the Augmentation of Green
Grassroots Innovations

71. Sales made internationally
1.
Coconut tree climber- USA (Florida, Massachussets, California, Hawaii
etc.) Australia, Maldives, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Mexico, West Indies
2.
Pomegranate deseeder - Turkey, USA
3.
Garlic peeling machine - Pakistan
4.
Arecanut husker - Singapore
5.
Milking machine - Phillipines, Uganda, Ethiopia
6.
Resin grading machine - Peru
7.
Cassava peeling machine - Kenya
8.
Herbal growth promoters - Ghana

72. Product queries:
Sl no.
Innovation/product
Countires
1
Coconut/palm tree climbing device
USA, United Kingdom, Vietnam, Australia, Sri Lanka, Mexico,
Iran, West Indies
2
Entech oil expeller
USA, United Kingdom, Australia, Phillipines, Canada, Kenya,
Colombia, S. Africa, Switzerland, Poland, Indonesia, Belgium
3
Garlic peeling machine
Slovenia, USA, Turkey, Peru, Singapore, Iran , Venezuela,
Pakistan
4
Pomegranate deseeding machine
USA, Australia, Turkey, Venezuela, Hongkong, Israel,
Netherlands, Thailand, UAE, Iran, United Kingdom
5
Cassava peeling machine
Congo, USA, Benin, Nigeria, Kenya, UAE, Uganda
6
Aaruni tilting cart
Uganda
7
Coconut defibring machine
China
8
Coconut dehusker
Mexico, New Zealand, USA, Philippines, Bangladesh
9
Lemon cutting machine
S. Africa
10
Milking machine
Bangladesh, Uganda, Ecuador
11
Palm leaf mat weaving machine
Fiji
12
Rain Gun (Chandraprabha)
Sudan
13
Tea making machine
Bangladesh,
14
Tile making machine
Bangladesh, Kenya, Rwanda, Ghana, Zambia
15
Trench digging machine
Pakistan
16
Zero head water turbine
Egypt
17
Arecanut dehusking machine
Chile

73. Culturally Alive India
www.sristi.org/cultural

74. Solar Operated Car http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=24
Eco-friendly vehicle http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=27
Bio-bike http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=34
Air-powered car http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=38
Green building design http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=178
Solar Water Heater http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=191
Rain Water Harvesting Umbrella http://techpedia.in/stu_project_detail.php?student_project_id=2
Electricity From Noise Polution http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=258
Bicyle Refrigerator For Rural Areas http://techpedia.in/project_detail.php?project_id=261

75. Bicycle based Innovations
Rider Induced bicycle
Mr. Kanak Das, Assam
Bamboo bicycle
Mr. Dodhi Pathak, Assam
Multipurpose Bicycle
Md. Kamruddin, Rajasthan
Bicycle based sprayer
Mr. Mansukhbhai Jagani, Gujarat
Bicycle with gear
Mr. Jayanti J Patel,Gujarat
Bicycle operated pump
Mr. Vikram Rathore, AP
Amphibious Bicycle
Mohd. Saidullah, Bihar
Bicycle based mobile spray pump
Subhas Vasantrao Jagtap, Maharastra
Bicycle based portable Pump
Mr. Nasiruddin Gayen, WB

76. Emerging Models of Innovation
a)Building upon what disadvantaged people
are
rich in: inability to live with
problems
unsolved – overcoming inertia
b) Empathetic innovation: samvedana se
srijansheelta, kho kho model of
innovation (innovation relay)
c) Going beyond long tail, long nose of
innovation to turbulent innovation

77. Emerging Models of Innovation
d) Inverted model of innovations: children invent, engineers
fabricate, and companies commercialize
e) Pooling of distributed ideas for innovation and
experimentation : uncommon from common
f) distributed mind management: www.techpedia.in transcending the limits of frugality
g) Moving blackboards: learning from unexpected quarters

78. Minds on the
Rethinking logistics for sustainable are
margin
future
not marginal
minds
learning from grassroots innovators
shall we join hands in learning from grassroots green innovators
anil Top of the innovation,
k gupta
ethical, and
anilg@sristi.org value pyramid
fortune really lies at the
thus, poor people are not at the bottom of all pyramids
anil k gupta
National Innovation Foundation, SRISTI, honey bee network, IIMA
www.sristi.org/anilg
www.nifindia.org

79. How did it happen:
The journey…..
The Honey Bee Network, an informal global social movement,
started in 1987-88,
SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH AND INITIATIVES FOR
SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTITUTIONS
(www.SRISTI.org) info@sristi.org
GRASSROOTS INNOVATION AUGMENTATION
NETWORK (www.GIAN.org)
NATIONAL INNOVATION FOUNDATION
(www.NIFindia.org) info@nifindia.org
anilg@sristi.org

80. Creativity counts
Knowledge matters
Innovations transform
Incentives inspire
(not just individual, but also collective, not just
material, but also non-material)
Join the Honey Bee Network!
For rewarding indigenous creativity and innovation
www.techpedia.in, www.sristi.org, www.nif.org.in
anilgb@gmail.com