In this presentation I explain using video examples how kubernetes works and how this can be used to host your Drupal 7 or 8 site. There are obviously also gotcha's and I'd like to warn you to not use this in production until you've verified it

1. Drupal 8 on Kubernetes using Google
Cloud
ship-shipping ship, shipping shipping ships

2. 2
Drupal 8 on Kubernetes using Google
Cloud
Nick Veenhof
A lot of credit goes to @tpryan to give all these awesome sessions regarding kubernetes.
Please thank him instead of me :)

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Who are you?

4. 4
What is our goal?

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Deploying Drupal 8 in a scalable manner,
preferring code over infrastructure

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Standard LAMP Stack

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DB
GIT/Apache
Video/Images/tmp/…

8. 8
• Create a server
• Linux
• Apache
• PHP
• MySQL
• Get starting schema and content on it
• Initialize system
Fairly Default Process

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# Request Machine
gcloud compute instances create $(MYSQL_HOSTNAME) --zone $(ZONE)
--machine-type "f1-micro" --image-family="debian-8"
--image-project="debian-cloud"
--tags "http-server","https-server"
# Install Apache + PHP
apt-get update -y
apt-get install apache2 php5 curl php5-curl -y
# Install MySQL and PHP libratries
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get -y install mysql-server mysql-client php5-mysqlnd php-pear -y
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart
…
Create a server

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3-Tier version of LAMP Stack

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• Create an Apache Server
• Create a Mysql Server
• Create a filesystem server (NFS/…)
• Get starting schema on Mysql Server
• Get Git repo on Apache server and link sites/default/files to file server
• Get files on file server
Somewhat Default Process

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DB
Video/Images/tmp/…
Git/Apache

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Containerized

14. FROM php:7.0-apache
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y php5-mysqlnd
RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli
RUN a2enmod rewrite && a2enmod headers && service apache2
restart
COPY app/ /var/www/html/
EXPOSE 80
FROM ubuntu:xenial
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y —no-install-
recommends netbase nfs-kernel-server && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/
lists/*
RUN mkdir -p /exports
VOLUME /exports
FROM mysql/mysql-server:5.6
ADD sql/load.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/load.sql
EXPOSE 3306
14

15. docker run --name=3tier_drupal --link 3tier_db:mysql --link
3tier_nfs:nfs -d -p 80:80 3tier_drupal
docker run --name=3tier_nfs -d -p 2049:2049 3tier_frontend
docker run --name=3tier_db -d -p 3306:3306 3tier_db
15
Startup Scripts

16. 16
Kubernetes

17. FROM php:7.0-apache
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y php5-mysqlnd
RUN docker-php-ext-install mysqli
ADD www /var/www/
RUN a2enmod rewrite && a2enmod headers && service apache2 restart
COPY app/ /var/www/html/
FROM ubuntu:xenial
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y —no-install-
recommends netbase nfs-kernel-server && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/
lists/*
RUN mkdir -p /exports
VOLUME /exports
FROM mysql/mysql-server:5.6
ADD sql/load.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/load.sql
EXPOSE 3306
17

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DB
GIT
Video/Images/tmp/…

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DB
Apache
Video/Images/tmp/…

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DB
Apache
Video/Images/tmp/…

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DB
Apache
Video/Images/tmp/…

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That’s a lot to manage…

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Kubernetes
Container Orchestration System
Open Source
Started by Google
Contributed to by others
Google offers hosted kubernetes

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DB - Google Cloud Managed SQL
NFS Server - gcr.io/google_containers/volume-nfs:0.8
Apache - wodby/php container images

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Demo of the interface

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https://youtu.be/LWA7coiMOLg

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Setting up the NFS server

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Services
A Kubernetes Service is an abstraction which defines a logical set of Pods and a
policy by which to access them - sometimes called a micro-service.

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kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: nfs-shared1-server
spec:
ports:
- name: nfs
port: 2049
- name: mountd
port: 20048
- name: rpcbind
port: 111
selector:
role: nfs-shared1-server

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PersistentVolumeClaim

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
name: nfs-shared1-200gb
annotations:
volume.alpha.kubernetes.io/storage-class: standard
spec:
accessModes: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
resources:
requests:
storage: 200Gi

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ReplicationController
A ReplicationController ensures that a specified number of pod “replicas” are
running at any one time.

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apiVersion: v1
kind: ReplicationController
metadata:
name: nfs-shared1-server
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
role: nfs-shared1-server
template:
metadata:
labels:
role: nfs-shared1-server
spec:
containers:
- name: nfs-shared1-server
image: gcr.io/google_containers/volume-nfs:0.8
resources:
limits:
cpu: 0.01
ports:
- name: nfs

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Setting up the Lamp stack

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Services

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apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: nickveenhofbe
labels:
site: nickveenhofbe
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
ports:
- name: http
port: 80
targetPort: 80
protocol: TCP
- name: https
port: 443
targetPort: 80
protocol: TCP
selector:
service: nickveenhofbe

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PersistentVolume
A PersistentVolume (PV) is a piece of networked storage in the cluster that has
been provisioned by an administrator.

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apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: nvbenfs
labels:
site: nickveenhofbe
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
nfs:
# FIXME: use the right IP
server: 10.3.247.140
path: "/nickveenhofbe"

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PersistentVolumeClaim

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kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: nvbenfs
labels:
site: nickveenhofbe
spec:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi

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Pods/Deployment
A pod (as in a pod of whales or pea pod) is a group of one or more containers (such as
Docker containers), the shared storage for those containers, and options about how to
run the containers.
A Deployment provides declarative updates for Pods and ReplicaSets (the next-
generation ReplicationController).

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Building on the shoulders of giants
https://wodby.com/
https://github.com/wodby/drupal-php/
https://github.com/wodby/drupal-nginx

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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
name: nickveenhofbe
labels:
site: nickveenhofbe
spec:
replicas: 2
strategy:
type: Recreate
template:
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
site: nickveenhofbe
service: nickveenhofbe
spec:
containers:
- image: nickveenhof/drupal-docker-with-volume:5.6

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A Little Slower? Let’s take a look at
that code
https://github.com/nickveenhof/drupal-docker-with-volume/blob/master/gcloud_instructions/nickveenhofbe/
pods.yaml

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How do we deploy this?
Let’s take a look!

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https://youtu.be/cBtNz67AAbA

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Conclusion?

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Industrialisation of hosting services is
happening

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All in one boxes are a liability

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Massive technology shift

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1. Servers are a commodity.
2. Managing services is a commodity
3. Do not make the mistake thinking you know better.
Caveat: For Drupal, the one massive pain holding us back from
going all in with Google Cloud is not having a managed distributed
file system like Amazon EFS.

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Do it yourselves?
https://github.com/nickveenhof/drupal-
docker-with-volume

53. Making Digital Business Easier
Want to help transform businesses using the
cloud, open platforms and open source?
jobs@dropsolid.com

54. 54
8-9 September 2017
drupalcamp.be

55. Thank you