Comp tia n+_session_11

CompTIA N+ Certification: Network Data Storage and Network
Installing Windows XP Professional Using Attended Installation
Operating Systems
Objectives

In this session, you will learn to:
Identify requirements and technologies that are part of
enterprise data storage implementations.
Identify the tools and technologies used in implementing
clustering.
Identify the tools and technologies required for a NAS
implementation.
Identify the tools and technologies required for a SAN
implementation.
Identify major Microsoft network operating system software.
Identify the features of various Novell NetWare versions.

Ver. 1.0 Session 11 Slide 1 of 43

Operating Systems
Enterprise Data Storage Techniques

The specific data storage technology implementations help
in examining the general concepts and issues that play
when planning and evaluating enterprise data storage
solutions.
The various issues that need to be considered while
planning enterprise data storage solutions are:
High Availability
Scalability
Distributed Storage Systems
High Performance Drive Arrays


Operating Systems
High Availability

• High availability is a rating that expresses how closely
systems approach the goal of providing data availability 100
percent of the time while maintaining a high level of system
performance.

99.999%
uptime
rating

Windows Storage UNIX
server system host

Windows users Terminals


Operating Systems
Scalability

• Scalability is the ability of a system to grow smoothly to
meet increasing demand without having to be replaced,
reconfigured, or redesigned.

Growth as
demand
increases


Operating Systems

• A distributed storage system makes data stored in
different physical locations appear to the user as a
contiguous storage structure.

Single view of
data storage
Data

FS01Sales

Sales

Different
FS02Marketing
physical
locations
MKT

FS03Accounting

ACCT


Operating Systems

• A high-performance drive array is any group of separate
disks that are configured to work as a unit to improve
performance, availability, and fault tolerance.


Operating Systems
Clusters

• A cluster is two or more servers that appear to the network
as a single system.
Appears as
single system

Heartbeat
Heartbeat

Common
storage device


Operating Systems
Active/Active Clustering

Active/active clusters have all nodes online, constantly
providing services.
Active/active clusters have the greatest resource efficiency
because all nodes service clients

50% of clients 50% of clients

Normal operations

100% of clients

Failover


Operating Systems
Active/Passive Clustering

• An active/passive cluster includes at least two nodes, at
least one of which is in active mode and handles the full
workload, while one node is a backup and does not own
any resources in the cluster.

100% of clients

Normal operations

100% of clients

Failover


Operating Systems
Fault-Tolerant Clustering

• A fault-tolerant cluster, or high-availability cluster, is a
general term for implementations that use clustering, RAID,
redundant hardware, and other technologies to achieve five
times of uptime.
Simultaneous processing

Normal operations

Instantaneous
failover

Failover


Operating Systems
Network-Attached Storage (NAS)

The various tools and technologies required for a network-
attached system (NAS) are:
NAS Systems
NAS Operating Systems and Protocols
NAS Connection Options


Operating Systems
NAS Systems

• A network-attached storage (NAS) system is a
specialized file server designed and dedicated to support
only data storage needs. Windows UNIX

NAS

Apache Novell
web server NetWare

Some examples of NAS systems include:
IBM TotalStorage NAS Gateway
Iomega NAS 200m and Iomega NAS 300m storage servers
HP ProLiant storage server line


Operating Systems
NAS Operating Systems and Protocols

NAS appliances use a custom microkernel written
specifically to control the storage hardware while some
other appliances use network operating systems such as
Windows server 2003 or Linux.

Windows UNIX
Access through NFS,
SMB

NAS

Minimal
operating system Apache Novell
web server NetWare


Operating Systems
NAS Connection Options

Clients can access NAS directly or through a server that
provides connectivity to the NAS.

Client accesses
directly

Client accesses
through server


Operating Systems
Storage Area Network (SAN) Implementations

The various tools and technologies required for a SAN
implementation are:
Storage Area Networks
Fibre Channel
Fibre Channel Topologies
SANs over TCP/IP


Operating Systems
Storage Area Networks

• A storage area network (SAN) is a special-purpose high-
speed network that is dedicated to data storage.
SAN

Production network


Operating Systems
Fibre Channel

• Fibre Channel is a hardware-focused data transport
method designed and developed specifically for high-speed
communication among servers and mass storage devices.
SAN

Fibre
Channel
switch


Operating Systems
Fibre Channel Topologies

• Fibre Channel can be implemented in three different
topologies, such as:
Direct connection Arbitrated loop Switched fabric

Tx Rx Tx
Rx

Rx Tx

Tx
Rx
Tx = Transmit
Rx = Receive Tx Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Rx

Tx

Rx


Operating Systems
SANs over TCP/IP

• SANs can be implemented over TCP/IP using other network
transport technologies such as ATM or high-speed Ethernet.
• SANs provide lower-cost solution for small and medium
sized networks.
• SANs help to share a common data storage location that
helps to keeps distributed data synchronized.


Operating Systems
Microsoft Operating Systems

The various Microsoft network operating system software
are:
Windows Server 2003
Windows XP
Active Directory
The Active Directory Structure
Workgroup Membership
Domain Membership
Windows File Systems
Other Windows Servers
Older Windows Server Versions


Operating Systems
Windows Server 2003

Features of Windows Server 2003 are:
Active Directory service
Integrated network services (DNS, DHCP)
Advanced networking features (clustering, PKI)
User and group security on file and object level
Advanced security features (encryption, firewall, IPSec)


Operating Systems
Windows XP

Features of Windows XP are :
Recommended for Active Directory or small-office
environments
Peer-to-peer networking
Secure logons
File and folder security
Resource sharing
Home and Professional editions


Operating Systems
Active Directory

• Active Directory is Microsoft’s LDAP-compatible enterprise
directory service storing all user accounts, resources, and
services in a centralized manner.

Accounts

Resources
Active Directory Domain controller

Services


Operating Systems
The Active Directory Structure

• The components of the Active Directory structure are:
Domain
Tree
Forest
Organizational Unit (OU)
Domain controller (DC)
Other directory objects Forest

ourglobalcompany.com www.citizensinfo.org
Tree Trust

Domain

marketing. manufacturing.
ourglobalcompany.com ourglobalcompany.com

OU


Operating Systems

• Windows workgroups are arbitrary peer-to-peer groupings
of computers under a common naming scheme to simplify
the network view and facilitate resource location.

User accounts

User accounts

User accounts


Operating Systems
Activity 15-1

Activity on Configuring


Operating Systems
Domain Membership

Features of computer domain membership, are :
Computer account object
User can log on to domain
Domain security & policy
Domain accounts added to local groups

Domain controller

Active Directory

Domain member

Domain


Operating Systems
Activity 15-2

Activity on Joining a Domain


Operating Systems
Windows File Systems

• Windows Server and Windows XP computers support two
types of file systems:
NTFS: Various features are:
• Permissions
• Encryption
• Compression
• Journaling NTFS
• Disk quotas
• Large file sizes
• Small cluster sizes
File Allocation Table (FAT) and FAT32: Various features are:
• Legacy file systems
• Support dual-boot to DOS
• FAT for small drives, floppy disks
• FAT32 enhanced for larger drives
FAT/FAT32
• No security, encryption, compression

Operating Systems
Other Windows Servers

• Some of the most common Windows servers include:
Exchange Server
ISA Server
SharePoint Portal Server
SQL Server
Systems Management Server

SharePoint
Exchange Server ISA Server SQL Server Systems
Portal Server
Management
Server


Operating Systems
Older Windows Server Versions

The older Windows server versions are:
Windows 2000 Server
Windows NT 4.0
Windows NT 3.5x

Windows 2000 Server Windows NT 4.0 Windows NT
3.5x


Operating Systems
Activity 15-3

Activity on Installing and Using
Windows Administrative Tools


Operating Systems
NetWare 6.x

• NetWare is the proprietary network operating system from
Novell, Inc.
• NetWare version 6.5 includes:
LDAP-compliant eDirectory directory service
TCP/IP networking
Novell iManager web administrative tool
Snapshot data backups
Novell iPrint web printing
Novell iFolder web file access
Many advanced reliability and security features and services


Operating Systems
NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs)

• NLMs are software modules that run on NetWare servers
and extend the core network and application functionality of
the operating system.
• There are four categories of NLMS:
Disk drivers
LAN drivers
Name space modules Disk drivers

NLM utilities
LAN drivers

Name spaces

Utilities


Operating Systems
Novell eDirectory

• Novell eDirectory is Novell’s standards-based, enterprise-
level directory service.

Hierarchical tree database

Novell eDirectory directory service NetWare server


Operating Systems
The eDirectory Tree Structure

The top of the eDirectory is the directory tree, which is
installed automatically when you install the first NetWare
server and represents an administrative boundary.

Tree

Other container
Organization objects (OUs)

Organizational unit

Leaf objects
(groups, users,
etc.)


Operating Systems
Novell Client Software

Novell client software provides:
Authentication to the users
eDirectory resources and services

Authenticate
Access eDirectory

Novell client NetWare server


Operating Systems
Novell Storage Services (NSS)

• Features of NSS are :
Unlimited volume size
Server disk drive
Eight trillion files
Eight-terabyte file size
NSS volume
255 NSS volumes per server

Directories

PRCHSNG MKTG

Subdirectories

REGIONAL NATIONAL


Operating Systems
Novell Distributed Print Services (NDPS)

• NDPS combines the functions of print server, print queue,
and printer object into a single eDirectory object called a
printer agent.

NDPS
Novell client printer agent Printer

Print queue Printer object Print server


Operating Systems
Early NetWare Versions

Prior versions of NetWare each had specific capabilities and
features, such as:

Version Key Features

•Native TCP/IP
NetWare 5.x •Integrated DHCP/DNS
•ConsoleOne

•NDS
NetWare 4.x •Novell Client32
•NetWare Administrator

•Bindery
NetWare 3.x •NLMs
•Syscon

•NCP
NetWare 2.x
•Intel x86 compatible

•Earliest form
NetWare/ShareNet
•Proprietary IBM hardware


Operating Systems
Summary

In this session, you learned that:
• The various issues that need to be considered while planning
enterprise data storage solutions are:
High Availability
Scalability
A cluster is two or more servers that appear to the network as
a single system.
The various types of clustering are:
• Active/Active Clustering
• Active/Passive Clustering
• Fault-Tolerant Clustering


Operating Systems
Summary (Contd.)

The tools and technologies required for a network-attached
system (NAS) are:
• NAS Systems
• NAS Operating Systems and Protocols
• NAS Connection Options
The tools and technologies required for a SAN implementation
are:
• Storage Area Networks
• Fibre Channel
• Fibre Channel Topologies
• SANs over TCP/IP


Operating Systems
Summary (Contd.)

The various Microsoft network operating system software are:
• Windows Server 2003 Windows XP
• Active Directory
• The Active Directory Structure
• Workgroup Membership
• Domain Membership
• Windows File Systems
• Other Windows Servers
• Older Windows Server Versions
• NetWare is the proprietary network operating system from Novell,
Inc.
• NLMs are software modules that run on NetWare servers and
extend the core network and application functionality of the
operating system.
• Novell eDirectory is Novell’s standards-based, enterprise-level
directory service.


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