Net framework session03

Core Development with the Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 Foundation

Objectives

In this session, you will learn to:
• Configure an assembly by using the Configuration,
Configuration Element, Configuration Section classes, and
configuration base types available in the .NET Framework 2.0
• Perform various installation tasks related to assembly
installation
• Describe what event logs are and how to manage them
• Manage application processes
• Monitor and customize application performance
• Debug applications by using Visual Studio 2005
• Trace applications by using .NET Framework 2.0

Ver. 1.0 Slide 1 of 38


Configuring an Assembly by Using Configuration Types

What are Configuration Files?
• A configuration file is an XML file that contains specific
configuration settings for an application.
• When you configure a configuration file for an application, it
eliminates the need to recompile the application every time a
setting changes.
• Configuration files can be of the following types:
Web.config
App.config
Machine.config



Configuring an Assembly by Using Configuration Types (Contd.)

Access and Manage Configuration Settings
You can access and manage the configuration settings of a
computer, an application, or resources by using the
Configuration class.
You need to use the ConfigurationManager class to read
the data from a configuration file into an object of the
Configuration class.




Manage Configuration Elements
• A configuration element is an XML tag in a configuration file
that contains a string value, attributes, or other child elements.
• Configuration elements can be programmatically managed by
using the following classes:
ConfigurationElement
ConfigurationElementCollection
ConfigurationElementProperty




Manage Sections in Configuration Files
• The following configuration section classes can be used to
manage sections within the configuration files:
ConfigurationSection: Adds a custom section to the
configuration file.
ConfigurationSectionCollection: Reads all the
configuration sections in a configuration file.
ConfigurationSectionGroup: Represents a group of related
configuration sections in a configuration file.
ConfigurationSectionGroupCollection: Represents a
collection of ConfigurationSectionGroup objects.




Create a Custom Type to Validate Configuration Values
• It is important that the configuration values in the configuration
file are valid in type as well as in range.
• You can implement the following interfaces to
programmatically access application settings, specific sections
within a configuration file:
IConfigurationSectionHandler
ISettingsProviderService
IApplicationSettingsProvider



Performing Installation Tasks

Configure the Run-time Version of .Net Framework
You need to configure the runtime version on the computer to
execute the applications created in the .NET Framework.
To define the runtime version, you can use the
supportedRuntime and compatibilityversion
elements in the configuration file of the corresponding
application.
Bootstrapping is the process of installing and configuring the
CLR by using various deployment tools.



Performing Installation Tasks (Contd.)

Configure the Location, Version, and Search Path of an
Assembly
You should configure the location and version of all the
assemblies you reference in your application so that the CLR is
able to locate the assemblies easily.
You can either use mscorcfg.msc or codebase and probing
element to configure assemblies.




Configuring an Application by Using Mscorcfg.msc
Mscocrfg.msc allows you to manage and configure assemblies
in the global assembly cache, adjust code access security
policy, and perform remoting services.
You can run this utility at the command prompt. You can also
access this utility from Start Menu, Control Panel,
Administrative Tools, Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0
Configuration.
You can configure applications using mscocrfg.msc under
administrator control.




Configure Concurrent Garbage Collection
Garbage collection is a feature provided by the .NET
Framework to automatically manage the allocation and release
of memory for the managed objects in an application.
Garbage collector can be configured in the following modes:
Concurrent mode: In this mode, the garbage collector runs in a
process space that is different from the default domain of the
assembly. As a result, the execution of assembly does not have to
pause for garbage collection.
Non-Concurrent mode: In this mode, garbage collection happens
on the same thread as the thread running user code.




Register Remote Objects by Using Configuration Files
You can use the configuration files for registering remote
assemblies. This eliminates the need for recompiling the code.
The remote assemblies communicate with each other through
channels.
Channels are objects that transport messages between
applications across remoting boundaries.



Just a minute

What is bootstrapping?

Answer
The process of installing and configuring the CLR by using
deployment tools is called bootstrapping.



Managing an Event Log

What are Event Logs?
• Event logs are similar to a catalog where you can store entries
for particular activities and actions that occur within your
application.
• Windows maintains the following types of event logs:
• System Event Log: Logs information that takes place on system
level hardware.
• Security Event Log: Logs security level events.
• Application Log: Contains events logged by applications or
programs.
• Event logs can be viewed programmatically by using the
EventLog class.
• EventLogPermission class allows you to specify code access
security permissions for event logs.



Managing an Event Log (Contd.)

The following code example demonstrates the creation of a
custom event log and a custom event source:
class MyEventLog {
public static void Main() {
//Create the source, if it does not already
exist.
if (!EventLog.SourceExists("MySource")) {
EventLog.CreateEventSource("MySource","MyNewLog");
Console.WriteLine("CreatingEventSource"); }
//Create an EventLog instance and assign its
source.
EventLog myLog = new EventLog();
myLog.Source = "MySource";
myLog.WriteEntry("Writing to event log.");
} }


Managing an Event Log (Contd.)

How Entries Are Read and Written in an Event Log?
The EventLog class can be used to read and write entries in
existing logs.
The properties of the EventLog class are:
Log
MachineName
Entries
Source
WriteEvent
WriteEntry



Just a minute

How do you write to an event log?

Answer
The EventLog class provides properties Source, WriteEvent,
and WriteEntry that are used to write entries to an existing event
log.



Working with Application Processes

How a List of All Running Processes Is Retrieved?
• The GetProcesses method of the Process class is used to
retrieve the list of all the processes running on the computer.
• It returns an array that lists all the running processes.
How Information About the Current Process Is Retrieved?
The GetCurrentProcess method of the Process class is
used to retrieve information about the current process.
How a List of All Modules Used by a Process Is Retrieved?
The Process class provides the Modules method that can be
used to retrieve a list of all the modules used by a process.



Working with Application Processes (Contd.)

How an Application Process Is Started and Stopped?
The Start method is used to start a process.
The Kill method stops the specified process immediately. It
releases the resources allocated to the process.



Managing Application Performance

Monitoring Application Performance by Using the
Performance Monitor
In Windows 2000 and Windows XP, the Performance Monitor
is used to examine the performance of your applications.
The System Monitor in the Performance Monitor is used to
monitor the execution of processes.
Each monitored resource in the Performance Monitor is called
a performance object.
Each performance object has certain performance counters
associated with it.



Managing Application Performance (Contd.)

How Performance Information Is Customized by Using
Performance Counter Classes?
The System.Diagnostics namespace provides several
classes that can be used to create custom performance
counters.
The important classes are:
PerformanceCounter: Evaluates feedback from existing
counters.
PerformanceCounterCategory: Creates or removes custom
categories.
CounterCreationData: Creates multiple counters in a category
and specifies their types.



Debugging Applications

What is Debugging?
• The process of finding and correcting the defects in a block of
code is called debugging.
• Debugging helps you resolve several kinds of errors. These
errors can be divided into the following types:
• Syntax error
• Run-time error
• Logic error
• The Microsoft CLR Debugger is run to debug an application.
• The Microsoft CLR Debugger is installed when you install
Visual Studio 2005.
• It is part of the Visual Studio 2005 Software Development Kit
(SDK).



Debugging Applications (Contd.)

How the Debugger Class Is Used to Debug
Programmatically?
The .NET Framework provides the Debugger class, which
helps to launch the Visual Studio 2005 debugger
programmatically.
The primary methods associated with the Debugger class:
Break: This method signals a breakpoint to an attached
debugger, with a user breakpoint event.
Launch: This method launches a debugger and attaches it to the
process.
Log: This method posts a message for the attached debugger.




The following code sample shows the implementation of the
Debugger class:
private void BreakInCode()
{
BooleanSwitch assertSwitch = new
BooleanSwitch("BreakOnAssert", "");
if (assertSwitch.Enabled)
{
if (Debugger.IsAttached)
Debugger.Break();
else
Debugger.Launch();
}
}




How the Debug Class Is Used to Debug Programmatically?
The Debug class provides a set of methods and properties that
help in debugging code.
Methods in the Debug class can be used to print debug
information.
A few primary methods associated with the Debug class:
Assert: This method checks a condition. If the condition is false,
the method displays a message.
WriteLine: This method writes information about the debug to
the trace listeners in the Listeners collection.
WriteLineIf: This method checks a condition, and if the
condition holds true, the method writes information about the
debug to the trace listeners in the Listeners collection.




How User-Defined Types Are Configured by Using
Debugger Attributes?
The Debugger attributes are a set of classes that can be used
to configure user-defined types in a debugger.
How Call Stacks Are Managed by Using the StackFrame
and StackTrace Classes?
StackFrame Class: Provides information about a stack frame.
A stack frame is the physical representation of a function call
on the call stack for the current thread.
The members of the StackFrame class are:
GetFileName method: This method is used to retrieve the name
of the file that has provided the code in execution.
GetFileLineNumber method: This method is used to retrieve
the line number in the file that contains the code currently in
execution.



Just a minute

What are the different kinds of errors?

Answer
The different kinds of errors are syntax errors, runtime errors,
and logic errors.



Tracing Applications

• What Is Application Tracing?
Application tracing refers to monitoring an application and
recording information about events as they occur in the
application.
Trace commands such as Trace.Write,
Trace.TraceInformation, Trace.TraceError, Trace.Indent, and
Trace.Assert enable a user to trace an application.
The .NET Framework provides the System.Web.TraceContext
class for a Web environment.
For a Windows environment, the .NET Framework provides the
System.Diagnostics.Trace and System.Diagnostics.Debug
classes.



Tracing Applications (Contd.)

• How Applications Are Traced Programmatically by Using
the Trace Class?
The Trace class provides a set of methods and properties that
help you to trace applications programmatically.
The members of the Trace class are:
Assert
WriteIf
Fail
Write
WriteLine
WriteLineIf
With the help of a configuration file, you can use the Trace
class programmatically in a console application to implement
tracing.




• How the Source of Tracing Is Identified by Using the
TraceSource Class?
The .NET Framework provides the TraceSource class that
helps to trace the execution of code and associate trace
messages with their source.
The members of the TraceSource class are:
TraceEvent
TraceData
TraceInformation
Name
Switch
Listeners
With the help of a configuration file, you can configure and
implement the TraceSource class.




You can also implement the TraceSource class by using C#
to trace an application and associate trace messages with
their source.
TraceSource class:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
class Tracetest {
static TraceSource tS = new
TraceSource("TraceTest");
static void Main(string[] args)
{ tS.Listeners["console"].TraceOutputOp
tions |= TraceOptions.Callstack;
tS.TraceEvent(TraceEventType.Warning, 1);
} }



• How the Tracing Output Is Configured by Using Trace
Switch Classes?
The trace switches are used to activate, deactivate, and filter
the tracing output.
The two types of trace switch classes are:
TraceSwitch
BooleanSwitch
The configuration file is used to add a switch and define its
value, remove a switch, or get rid of all switches set up initially
by the application.




TraceSwitch class.
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
class Tracetest
{
// Create a TraceSwitch to use in the entire
application class level declaration
private static TraceSwitch appSwitch = new
TraceSwitch("mySwitch", "Switch in config
file");




public static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Trace switch {0} configured
as {1}",
appSwitch.DisplayName,appSwitch.Level.ToString()
);
if (appSwitch.TraceError)
{
//...
}
}
}




• How the Tracing Output Is Directed by Using Trace Listener
Classes?
Trace listeners are objects used to send the trace information
to an output location, such as a file, a printer, or the Visual
Studio 2005 output window.
The various trace listener classes are:
TraceListener
XmlWriterTraceListener
DelimitedListTraceListener
EventLogTraceListener
The TraceFilter class allows you to filter trace information
before sending it to an output location.
With the help of a configuration file, you can configure and
implement the TraceListener class.




• How Trace Information Is Categorized by Using the
CorrelationManager Class?
The CorrelationManager class is used to group and
classify trace information for later analysis.
It is connected with the Thread class by the
CorrelationManager property.
The namespace for the CorrelationManager class is
System.Diagnostics, and the assembly is System (in
System.dll).



Just a minute

What is the TraceSource class?

Answer
The TraceSource class belongs to the System.Diagnostics
namespace and is used to trace the execution of code and
associate trace messages with their source.



Summary

• In this session, you learned that:
The application configuration file helps specify configuration
settings for applications other than Web applications.
mscorcfg.msc is a .NET Framework utility that helps configure
an application so that the application can use the externally
referenced assemblies.
Garbage collection is a feature provided by the .NET
Framework to automatically manage the allocation and release
of memory for the managed objects in an application.
Event logs contain entries to record important software and
hardware events.
An instance of an application under execution is called a
process.
You need to manage the performance of your application to
identify operational issues and optimize performance.



Summary (Contd.)

Debugging helps you ensure that the code provides expected
results.
You can use tracing to monitor the code and the target points
where an application deviates from the normal functioning.


Net framework session03

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