Soumettre la recherche
Mettre en ligne
Chap16
•
Télécharger en tant que PPT, PDF
•
3 j'aime
•
1,415 vues
Niki Tabuty
Suivre
Santé & Médecine
Technologie
Signaler
Partager
Signaler
Partager
1 sur 41
Télécharger maintenant
Recommandé
Robbins9 ppt16
Robbins9 ppt16
Raviraj Prasad Kushwaha
Chapter 16 Motivating Employees
Chapter 16 Motivating Employees
management 2
Ch 15 motivating employees
Ch 15 motivating employees
Nardin A
45091927 motivating-employee
45091927 motivating-employee
Gaganpreet Panesar
Management ch16
Management ch16
Fida Karim 🇵🇰
Chapt. 16 motivating employee
Chapt. 16 motivating employee
amythafp
Motivation
Motivation
rakesh m
Motivation in Management
Motivation in Management
Hafeni Hamukoto
Recommandé
Robbins9 ppt16
Robbins9 ppt16
Raviraj Prasad Kushwaha
Chapter 16 Motivating Employees
Chapter 16 Motivating Employees
management 2
Ch 15 motivating employees
Ch 15 motivating employees
Nardin A
45091927 motivating-employee
45091927 motivating-employee
Gaganpreet Panesar
Management ch16
Management ch16
Fida Karim 🇵🇰
Chapt. 16 motivating employee
Chapt. 16 motivating employee
amythafp
Motivation
Motivation
rakesh m
Motivation in Management
Motivation in Management
Hafeni Hamukoto
Motivating Employees
Motivating Employees
Efrain Anthony Medrano Jr
Chapter 11 - Motivating for High Performance
Chapter 11 - Motivating for High Performance
dpd
Motivation Theories (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Taylor's Scientific Managem...
Motivation Theories (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Taylor's Scientific Managem...
Project Student
Motivation of individuals
Motivation of individuals
Edcel Celestino
Managing employee motivation and performence
Managing employee motivation and performence
Riyadh Ul Alam Shuvo
28765719 motivation
28765719 motivation
afero21
Mba i ob u 1.1 introduction ot ob
Mba i ob u 1.1 introduction ot ob
Rai University
Presentation on motivation from concept to application
Presentation on motivation from concept to application
University of Dhaka
Organizational behaviour part 2
Organizational behaviour part 2
Wajdi Ben Rejeb
Stu R C8e Ch15
Stu R C8e Ch15
D
Organizational Behavior Chapter # 6 and 7
Organizational Behavior Chapter # 6 and 7
FBR (Federal Board of Revenue)
Organizational Behavior Chapter 7 Motivation - From Concepts to Application
Organizational Behavior Chapter 7 Motivation - From Concepts to Application
Dr. John V. Padua
Process theories part 1
Process theories part 1
RGCN
02 ch01 robbins ipe 491
02 ch01 robbins ipe 491
Zahir Jhon
Colquitt4ce ppt ch01
Colquitt4ce ppt ch01
Mohit Kumar
Oranization behavior
Oranization behavior
Iqra University karachi
Robbins9 ppt16
Robbins9 ppt16
umar0007
Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management
Hafeni Hamukoto
Work Motivation and Major Motivation Theory
Work Motivation and Major Motivation Theory
ANKUSH
Ob i motivation concepts & applications- perception & attitudes
Ob i motivation concepts & applications- perception & attitudes
Shivkumar Menon
Motivation
Motivation
Shivasai Raavi
Mgmt734 presentation slides v6
Mgmt734 presentation slides v6
Jess Maher
Contenu connexe
Tendances
Motivating Employees
Motivating Employees
Efrain Anthony Medrano Jr
Chapter 11 - Motivating for High Performance
Chapter 11 - Motivating for High Performance
dpd
Motivation Theories (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Taylor's Scientific Managem...
Motivation Theories (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Taylor's Scientific Managem...
Project Student
Motivation of individuals
Motivation of individuals
Edcel Celestino
Managing employee motivation and performence
Managing employee motivation and performence
Riyadh Ul Alam Shuvo
28765719 motivation
28765719 motivation
afero21
Mba i ob u 1.1 introduction ot ob
Mba i ob u 1.1 introduction ot ob
Rai University
Presentation on motivation from concept to application
Presentation on motivation from concept to application
University of Dhaka
Organizational behaviour part 2
Organizational behaviour part 2
Wajdi Ben Rejeb
Stu R C8e Ch15
Stu R C8e Ch15
D
Organizational Behavior Chapter # 6 and 7
Organizational Behavior Chapter # 6 and 7
FBR (Federal Board of Revenue)
Organizational Behavior Chapter 7 Motivation - From Concepts to Application
Organizational Behavior Chapter 7 Motivation - From Concepts to Application
Dr. John V. Padua
Process theories part 1
Process theories part 1
RGCN
02 ch01 robbins ipe 491
02 ch01 robbins ipe 491
Zahir Jhon
Colquitt4ce ppt ch01
Colquitt4ce ppt ch01
Mohit Kumar
Oranization behavior
Oranization behavior
Iqra University karachi
Robbins9 ppt16
Robbins9 ppt16
umar0007
Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management
Hafeni Hamukoto
Work Motivation and Major Motivation Theory
Work Motivation and Major Motivation Theory
ANKUSH
Ob i motivation concepts & applications- perception & attitudes
Ob i motivation concepts & applications- perception & attitudes
Shivkumar Menon
Tendances
(20)
Motivating Employees
Motivating Employees
Chapter 11 - Motivating for High Performance
Chapter 11 - Motivating for High Performance
Motivation Theories (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Taylor's Scientific Managem...
Motivation Theories (Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Taylor's Scientific Managem...
Motivation of individuals
Motivation of individuals
Managing employee motivation and performence
Managing employee motivation and performence
28765719 motivation
28765719 motivation
Mba i ob u 1.1 introduction ot ob
Mba i ob u 1.1 introduction ot ob
Presentation on motivation from concept to application
Presentation on motivation from concept to application
Organizational behaviour part 2
Organizational behaviour part 2
Stu R C8e Ch15
Stu R C8e Ch15
Organizational Behavior Chapter # 6 and 7
Organizational Behavior Chapter # 6 and 7
Organizational Behavior Chapter 7 Motivation - From Concepts to Application
Organizational Behavior Chapter 7 Motivation - From Concepts to Application
Process theories part 1
Process theories part 1
02 ch01 robbins ipe 491
02 ch01 robbins ipe 491
Colquitt4ce ppt ch01
Colquitt4ce ppt ch01
Oranization behavior
Oranization behavior
Robbins9 ppt16
Robbins9 ppt16
Human Resource Management
Human Resource Management
Work Motivation and Major Motivation Theory
Work Motivation and Major Motivation Theory
Ob i motivation concepts & applications- perception & attitudes
Ob i motivation concepts & applications- perception & attitudes
En vedette
Motivation
Motivation
Shivasai Raavi
Mgmt734 presentation slides v6
Mgmt734 presentation slides v6
Jess Maher
Motivation
Motivation
Kapil Chhabra
Management Chapter02
Management Chapter02
WanBK Leo
Chap17
Chap17
Niki Tabuty
Chap03
Chap03
Niki Tabuty
Chap13
Chap13
Niki Tabuty
Chap20
Chap20
Niki Tabuty
Chap14
Chap14
Niki Tabuty
Chap07
Chap07
Niki Tabuty
Chap10
Chap10
Niki Tabuty
Chap15
Chap15
Niki Tabuty
Chap11
Chap11
Niki Tabuty
BUS110 Chapter 10 - Motivating Employees
BUS110 Chapter 10 - Motivating Employees
Deborah Oronzio
Ethics & csr
Ethics & csr
Khenddro Low
Apa itu corporation
Apa itu corporation
tonyherman87
Managing Change Power Point
Managing Change Power Point
Stephanie Bice
Change and Organisation Culture
Change and Organisation Culture
Gareth Edwards
Management Principles and Practices - Ricky W. Griffin 11th Edition Chapter 01
Management Principles and Practices - Ricky W. Griffin 11th Edition Chapter 01
Saif Mahmud
Contemporary issues of Management
Contemporary issues of Management
Riddhi29
En vedette
(20)
Motivation
Motivation
Mgmt734 presentation slides v6
Mgmt734 presentation slides v6
Motivation
Motivation
Management Chapter02
Management Chapter02
Chap17
Chap17
Chap03
Chap03
Chap13
Chap13
Chap20
Chap20
Chap14
Chap14
Chap07
Chap07
Chap10
Chap10
Chap15
Chap15
Chap11
Chap11
BUS110 Chapter 10 - Motivating Employees
BUS110 Chapter 10 - Motivating Employees
Ethics & csr
Ethics & csr
Apa itu corporation
Apa itu corporation
Managing Change Power Point
Managing Change Power Point
Change and Organisation Culture
Change and Organisation Culture
Management Principles and Practices - Ricky W. Griffin 11th Edition Chapter 01
Management Principles and Practices - Ricky W. Griffin 11th Edition Chapter 01
Contemporary issues of Management
Contemporary issues of Management
Similaire à Chap16
PM16.ppt
PM16.ppt
AmirKhan706944
Motivating Employees
Motivating Employees
Abdul Wahab Raza
Motivating employees
Motivating employees
Aashray For Everyone
Management ch16
Management ch16
julianmillar
robbins_PPT16[1].ppt erwerwrewrewrwerewrew
robbins_PPT16[1].ppt erwerwrewrewrwerewrew
abahalimaryam
Leadership PPT.pdf
Leadership PPT.pdf
DhwanilMehta9
Management Ch-16.pptx
Management Ch-16.pptx
Ei Htun
Motivational theories an leadership skills
Motivational theories an leadership skills
kristinalimarenko7
Motivation
Motivation
guest3e0cae
CH 12 MOTIVATION ACROSS CULTURE
CH 12 MOTIVATION ACROSS CULTURE
Shadina Shah
Motivation Concepts :Organizational Behavior
Motivation Concepts :Organizational Behavior
Ynong Calagui
Mba i ob u 3.1 motivation concept
Mba i ob u 3.1 motivation concept
Rai University
Modul 2 --motivation
Modul 2 --motivation
Nilanjan Bhaumik
Employee motivation 1
Employee motivation 1
Rajkiran Automation
Chapter 10 motivating and satisfying employees and teams (1)
Chapter 10 motivating and satisfying employees and teams (1)
victoriachang90
Mbo
Mbo
Eveline Manumba
1. Management Thought and OB for class_e9e5e7207065ef2d126b5f4bec407fea.pptx
1. Management Thought and OB for class_e9e5e7207065ef2d126b5f4bec407fea.pptx
StarAngel16
Organizational Behavior Lectures (Ob13 06)
Organizational Behavior Lectures (Ob13 06)
MUST,Mirpur AJK,Pakistan
Chapter 11 Managing people
Chapter 11 Managing people
RohanMistry15
Motivation and its Practice
Motivation and its Practice
Shahriar Rawshon
Similaire à Chap16
(20)
PM16.ppt
PM16.ppt
Motivating Employees
Motivating Employees
Motivating employees
Motivating employees
Management ch16
Management ch16
robbins_PPT16[1].ppt erwerwrewrewrwerewrew
robbins_PPT16[1].ppt erwerwrewrewrwerewrew
Leadership PPT.pdf
Leadership PPT.pdf
Management Ch-16.pptx
Management Ch-16.pptx
Motivational theories an leadership skills
Motivational theories an leadership skills
Motivation
Motivation
CH 12 MOTIVATION ACROSS CULTURE
CH 12 MOTIVATION ACROSS CULTURE
Motivation Concepts :Organizational Behavior
Motivation Concepts :Organizational Behavior
Mba i ob u 3.1 motivation concept
Mba i ob u 3.1 motivation concept
Modul 2 --motivation
Modul 2 --motivation
Employee motivation 1
Employee motivation 1
Chapter 10 motivating and satisfying employees and teams (1)
Chapter 10 motivating and satisfying employees and teams (1)
Mbo
Mbo
1. Management Thought and OB for class_e9e5e7207065ef2d126b5f4bec407fea.pptx
1. Management Thought and OB for class_e9e5e7207065ef2d126b5f4bec407fea.pptx
Organizational Behavior Lectures (Ob13 06)
Organizational Behavior Lectures (Ob13 06)
Chapter 11 Managing people
Chapter 11 Managing people
Motivation and its Practice
Motivation and its Practice
Plus de Niki Tabuty
Chap19
Chap19
Niki Tabuty
Chap18
Chap18
Niki Tabuty
Chap12
Chap12
Niki Tabuty
Chap09
Chap09
Niki Tabuty
Chap06
Chap06
Niki Tabuty
Chap05
Chap05
Niki Tabuty
Chap04
Chap04
Niki Tabuty
Chap02
Chap02
Niki Tabuty
Chap01
Chap01
Niki Tabuty
Warren sw06 accounting.21
Warren sw06 accounting.21
Niki Tabuty
Plus de Niki Tabuty
(10)
Chap19
Chap19
Chap18
Chap18
Chap12
Chap12
Chap09
Chap09
Chap06
Chap06
Chap05
Chap05
Chap04
Chap04
Chap02
Chap02
Chap01
Chap01
Warren sw06 accounting.21
Warren sw06 accounting.21
Dernier
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Dipal Arora
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Dipal Arora
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
chetankumar9855
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...
khalifaescort01
9630942363 Genuine Call Girls In Ahmedabad Gujarat Call Girls Service
9630942363 Genuine Call Girls In Ahmedabad Gujarat Call Girls Service
GENUINE ESCORT AGENCY
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
adilkhan87451
Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
parulsinha
Call Girls Jaipur Just Call 9521753030 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jaipur Just Call 9521753030 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Janvi Singh
Andheri East ^ (Genuine) Escort Service Mumbai ₹7.5k Pick Up & Drop With Cash...
Andheri East ^ (Genuine) Escort Service Mumbai ₹7.5k Pick Up & Drop With Cash...
Anamika Rawat
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
parulsinha
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
parulsinha
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
mahaiklolahd
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
karishmasinghjnh
💚Call Girls In Amritsar 💯Anvi 📲🔝8725944379🔝Amritsar Call Girl No💰Advance Cash...
💚Call Girls In Amritsar 💯Anvi 📲🔝8725944379🔝Amritsar Call Girl No💰Advance Cash...
Sheetaleventcompany
Call Girls Amritsar Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Amritsar Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Dipal Arora
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
TANUJA PANDEY
Top Rated Call Girls Kerala ☎ 8250092165👄 Delivery in 20 Mins Near Me
Top Rated Call Girls Kerala ☎ 8250092165👄 Delivery in 20 Mins Near Me
chennailover
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
jennyeacort
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
adilkhan87451
Dernier
(20)
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Mumbai Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls (DIPAL) ⟟ 8250077686 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex Serv...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girl In Pune 👉 Just CALL ME: 9352988975 💋 Call Out Call Both With High p...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {9521753030 } ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raj...
9630942363 Genuine Call Girls In Ahmedabad Gujarat Call Girls Service
9630942363 Genuine Call Girls In Ahmedabad Gujarat Call Girls Service
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
Russian Call Girls Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Service Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP BHAWNA Call Girl in Jaipur Raja...
Call Girls Jaipur Just Call 9521753030 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Jaipur Just Call 9521753030 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Andheri East ^ (Genuine) Escort Service Mumbai ₹7.5k Pick Up & Drop With Cash...
Andheri East ^ (Genuine) Escort Service Mumbai ₹7.5k Pick Up & Drop With Cash...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
(Low Rate RASHMI ) Rate Of Call Girls Jaipur ❣ 8445551418 ❣ Elite Models & Ce...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Premium Call Girls In Jaipur {8445551418} ❤️VVIP SEEMA Call Girl in Jaipur Ra...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
Call Girl in Indore 8827247818 {LowPrice} ❤️ (ahana) Indore Call Girls * UPA...
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
Independent Call Girls Service Mohali Sector 116 | 6367187148 | Call Girl Ser...
💚Call Girls In Amritsar 💯Anvi 📲🔝8725944379🔝Amritsar Call Girl No💰Advance Cash...
💚Call Girls In Amritsar 💯Anvi 📲🔝8725944379🔝Amritsar Call Girl No💰Advance Cash...
Call Girls Amritsar Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
Call Girls Amritsar Just Call 8250077686 Top Class Call Girl Service Available
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
VIP Hyderabad Call Girls Bahadurpally 7877925207 ₹5000 To 25K With AC Room 💚😋
Top Rated Call Girls Kerala ☎ 8250092165👄 Delivery in 20 Mins Near Me
Top Rated Call Girls Kerala ☎ 8250092165👄 Delivery in 20 Mins Near Me
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Gagan Vihar (delhi) call me [🔝 9953056974 🔝] escort service 24X7
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
Call Girls in Delhi Triveni Complex Escort Service(🔝))/WhatsApp 97111⇛47426
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
Call Girls in Lucknow Just Call 👉👉7877925207 Top Class Call Girl Service Avai...
Chap16
1.
Chapter 16 MOTIVATING EMPLOYEES © Prentice
Hall, 2002 16-1
2.
Learning Objectives • You
should learn to: – Define the motivation process – Describe three early motivation theories – Explain how goals motivate people – Differentiate reinforcement theory from goal-setting theory – Identify ways to design motivating jobs © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-2
3.
Learning Objectives (cont.) •
You should learn to: – Describe the motivational implications of equity theory – Explain the key relationships in expectancy theory – Describe current motivation issues facing managers – Identify management practices that are likely to lead to more motivated employees © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-3
4.
What Is Motivation? •
Motivation – the willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need • effort - a measure of intensity or drive • goals - effort should be directed toward, and consistent with, organizational goals • needs - motivation is a need-satisfying process – need - an internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive • unsatisfied needs create tensions that stimulate drives • drives lead to search behavior © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-4
5.
The Motivation Process Unsatisfied Need Tension ©
Prentice Hall, 2002 Drives Search Behavior Satisfied Need Reduction of Tension 16-5
6.
Early Theories Of
Motivation • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory – lower-order needs - largely satisfied externally • physiological - food, drink, shelter, sexual satisfaction • safety - security and protection from physical and emotional harm – assurance that physiological needs will be satisfied – Higher-order needs - largely satisfied internally • social - affection, belongingness, acceptance • esteem - internal factors like self-respect, autonomy – external factors like status, recognition, attention • self-actualization - achieving one’s potential © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-6
7.
Early Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory (cont.) – each level in hierarchy must be satisfied before the next is activated • once a need is substantially satisfied it no longer motivates behavior – theory received wide recognition – little research support for the validity of the theory © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-7
8.
Maslow’s Hierarchy Of
Needs SelfActualization Esteem Social Safety Physiological © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-8
9.
Early Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y – Theory X - assumes that workers have little ambition, dislike work, want to avoid responsibility, and need to be closely controlled • assumed that lower-order needs dominated – Theory Y - assumes that workers can exercise selfdirection, accept and actually seek out responsibility, and consider work to be a natural activity • assumed that higher-order needs dominated – no evidence that either set of assumptions is valid – no evidence that managing on the basis of Theory Y makes employees more motivated © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-9
10.
Early Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory – intrinsic characteristics consistently related to job satisfaction • motivator factors energize employees – extrinsic characteristics consistently related to job dissatisfaction • hygiene factors don’t motivate employees – proposed dual continua for satisfaction and dissatisfaction – theory enjoyed wide popularity • influenced job design – theory was roundly criticized © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-10
11.
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory ©
Prentice Hall, 2002 16-11
12.
Contrasting Views Of
SatisfactionDissatisfaction Traditional View Satisfaction Dissatisfaction Herzberg’s View Motivators Satisfaction © Prentice Hall, 2002 No Satisfaction Hygienes No Dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction 16-12
13.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation • Three-Needs Theory - McClelland – need for achievement (nAch) - drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed • • • • do not strive for trappings and rewards of success prefer jobs that offer personal responsibility want rapid and unambiguous feedback set moderately challenging goals – avoid very easy or very difficult tasks • high achievers don’t necessarily make good managers – focus on their own accomplishments » good managers emphasize helping others to accomplish their goals © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-13
14.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Three-Needs Theory (cont.) – need for power (nPow) • need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise – need for affiliation (nAff) • desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships – best managers tend to be high in the need for power and low in the need for affiliation © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-14
15.
Examples of Pictures
used for Asscess Levels of nAch, nAff, and aPow © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-15
16.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Goal-Setting Theory – intention to work toward a goal is a major source of job motivation – specific goals increase performance • difficult goal, when accepted, results in higher performance than does an easy goal • specific hard goals produce a higher level of output than does the generalized goal of “do your best” – participation in goal setting is useful • reduces resistance to accepting difficult goals • increases goal acceptance © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-16
17.
• Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) Goal-Setting Theory (cont.) – feedback is useful • helps identify discrepancies between what has been accomplished and what needs to be done • self-generated feedback is a powerful motivator – contingencies in goal-setting theory • goal commitment - theory presupposes that individual is determined to accomplish the goal – most likely to occur when: » goals are made public » individual has an internal locus of control » goals are self-set rather than assigned © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-17
18.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Goal-Setting Theory (cont.) – contingencies (cont.) • self-efficacy - an individual’s belief that s/he is capable of performing a task – higher self-efficacy, greater motivation to attain goals • national culture - theory is culture bound – main ideas align with North American cultures – goal setting may not lead to higher performance in other cultures © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-18
19.
Guidelines for Job
Redesign © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-19
20.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Reinforcement Theory – behavior is solely a function of its consequences • behavior is externally caused – reinforcers - consequences that, when given immediately following a behavior, affect the probability that the behavior will be repeated • managers can influence employees’ behavior by reinforcing actions deemed desirable • emphasis in on positive reinforcement, not punishment © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-20
21.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Designing Motivating Jobs – Job Design - the way tasks are combined to form complete jobs • historically, concentrated on making jobs more specialized – Job Enlargement - horizontal expansion of job • job scope - the number of different tasks required in a job and the frequency with which these tasks are repeated • provides few challenges, little meaning to workers’ activities • only addresses the lack of variety in specialized jobs © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-21
22.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Designing Motivating Jobs (cont.) – Job Enrichment - vertical expansion of job • job depth - degree of control employees have over their work –empowers employees to do tasks typically performed by their managers • research evidence has been inconclusive about the effect of job enrichment on performance © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-22
23.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Designing Motivating Jobs (cont.) – Job Characteristics Model (JCM) - conceptual framework for analyzing jobs • jobs described in terms of five core characteristics – skill variety - degree to which job requires a variety of activities » more variety, greater need to use different skills – task identity - degree to which job requires completion of an identifiable piece of work – task significance - degree to which job has substantial impact on the lives of other people – these three characteristics create meaningful work © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-23
24.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Designing Motivating Jobs (cont.) – JCM (cont.) • core characteristics (cont.) – autonomy - degree to which job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion in performing the work » give employee a feeling of personal responsibility – feedback - degree to which carrying out the job results in receiving clear information about the effectiveness with which it has been performed » employee knows how effectively s/he is performing © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-24
25.
Job Characteristics Model
and Personal Core Job Dimensions Critical Psychological States Skill Variety Task Identity Task Significance Experienced meaningfulness of the work Autonomy Experienced responsibility for outcomes of work Feedback Knowledge of the actual results of the work Work Outcomes High Internal Work Motivation High-Quality Work Performance High Satisfaction with the Work Low Absenteeism and Turnover Strength of Employee Growth Need © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-25
26.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Designing Motivating Jobs (cont.) – JCM (cont.) • links between core characteristics and outcomes are moderated by the strength of the individual’s growth need –growth need - person’s desire for selfesteem and self-actualization • model offers specific guidance for job design © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-26
27.
Guidelines For Job
Redesign Suggested Actions Core Job Dimensions Combining Tasks Skill Variety Forming Natural Work Units Task Identity Forming Natural Work Units Task Significance Load Vertically Autonomy Opening Feedback Channels Feedback © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-27
28.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Equity Theory – proposes that employees perceive what they get from a job (outcomes) in relation to what they put into it (inputs) – input/outcome ratio compared with the ratios of relevant others • equity - ratio is equal to that of relevant others • inequity - ratio is unequal to that of relevant others – referent (relevant other) may be: • other - individuals with similar jobs • a system - includes organizational pay policies and administrative systems • self - past personal experiences and contacts © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-28
29.
Equity Theory © Prentice
Hall, 2002 16-29
30.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Equity Theory (cont.) – when inequities are perceived, employees act to correct the situation • distort either their own or others’ inputs or outputs • behave in a way to induce others to change their inputs or outputs • behave in a way to change their own inputs or outputs • choose a different comparison person • quit their jobs – theory leaves some issues unclear © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-30
31.
Contemporary Theories Of
Motivation (cont.) • Expectancy Theory – theory states that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual • Expectancy (effort-performance linkage) - perceived probability that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance • Instrumentality (performance-reward linkage) - strength of belief that performing at a particular level is instrumental in attaining an outcome • Valence - attractiveness or importance of the potential outcome © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-31
32.
Simplified Expectancy Model Individual Effort A Individual Performance B Organizational Rewards C Individual Goals A
= Effort-performance linkage B = Performance-reward linkage C = Attractiveness © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-32
33.
Contemporary Theories of
Motivation (cont.) • Expectancy Theory (cont.) – theory emphasizes rewards • organizational rewards must align with the individual’s wants – no universal principle for explaining what motivates individuals • managers must understand why employees view certain outcomes as attractive or unattractive – most comprehensive and widely accepted explanation of employee motivation © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-33
34.
Integrating Contemporary Theories
of Motivation © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-34
35.
Current Issues In
Motivation • Motivating a Diverse Workforce – flexibility is the key to motivating a diverse workforce • diverse array of rewards necessary to satisfy diverse personal needs and goals – Flexible Working Schedule • compressed workweek - employees work longer hours per day but fewer days per week © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-35
36.
Current Issues In
Motivation (cont.) • Motivating a Diverse Workforce (cont.) – Flexible Working Schedule (cont.) • flexible work hours (flextime) - employees required to work a specific number of hours a week but are free to vary those hours within certain limits – system entails common core hours when all employees are required to be on the job – starting, ending, and lunch-hour times are flexible • job sharing - two or more people split a full-time job • telecommuting - employees work at home and are linked to the workplace by computer and modem © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-36
37.
Current Issues In
Motivation (cont.) • Motivating a Diverse Workforce (cont.) – Cultural Differences in Motivation • motivation theories developed in the U.S. and validated with American workers • may be some cross-cultural consistencies • Pay-for-Performance – instead of paying for time on the job, pay is adjusted to reflect some performance measure – compatible with expectancy theory • imparts strong performance-reward linkage – programs are gaining in popularity • research suggests that programs affect performance © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-37
38.
Current Issues In
Motivation (cont.) • Open-Book Management – involve employees in workplace decisions by opening up the financial statements – workers treated as business partners – get workers to think like an owner – may also provide bonuses based on profit improvements • Motivating the “New Workforce” – Motivating Professionals - professionals tend to derive intrinsic satisfaction from their work and receive high pay • more loyal to their profession than their employer • value challenging jobs and support for their work © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-38
39.
Current Issues In
Motivation (cont.) • Motivating the “New Workforce” (cont.) – Motivating Contingent Workers - part-time, contract, or temporary workers • less security and stability than permanent employees – receive fewer benefits • display little identification or commitment to their employers • hard to motivate contingent workers – opportunity to become a permanent employee – opportunity for training • repercussions of mixing permanent and contingent workers when pay differentials are significant © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-39
40.
• Current Issues In
Motivation (cont.) (cont.) Motivating the “New Workforce” – Motivating Low-Skilled, Minimum-Wage Employees • difficult challenge to keep performance levels high • employee recognition programs – highlight employees whose work performance has been good – encourage others to perform better – power of praise • in service industries, empower front-line employees to address customers’ problems – tie compensation to customer satisfaction © Prentice Hall, 2002 16-40
41.
From Theory To
Practice Recognize individual differences Don’t ignore money Check the system for equity Link rewards to performance © Prentice Hall, 2002 Match people to jobs Suggestions for Motivating Employees Use goals Ensure that goals are perceived as attainable Individualize rewards 16-41
Télécharger maintenant