NJFuture Land Trust Rally 13 Evans Balancing Development and Conservation in TOD
1. Balancing Development
and Conservation
in Transit-Oriented
Development
Tim Evans • New Jersey Future
2013 NJ Land Conservation Rally • March 9, 2013
2. New Jersey Future is a nonprofit, nonpartisan
organization that brings together concerned citizens
and leaders to promote responsible land-use policies.
The organization employs original research, analysis and
advocacy to build coalitions and drive land-use policies
that help revitalize cities and towns, protect natural
lands and farms, provide more transportation choices
beyond cars, expand access to safe and affordable
neighborhoods and fuel a prosperous economy.
3. Assessing Development
[and Preservation]
Opportunities Around New
Jersey’s Transit Stations
4.
5. More Transit Hubs…But
Where?
[suggestions from Getting to Work]
Can we be systematic about
prioritizing candidates?
6. Prioritizing TOD Investments
Database of all 243 distinct transit stations in
New Jersey:
• 12 ferry terminals
• 16 major bus terminals not served by
any other modes
• 205 served only by rail
• 10 multi-modal stations [e.g. Hoboken
Terminal, Newark Penn Station, Walter Rand Transp.
Center in Camden]
7. Prioritizing TOD Investments
• Operating characteristics of each station: current
ridership, frequency of service, number of lines/modes
serving, parking spaces available
• Characteristics of station neighborhood [as defined by NJT]:
median HH income, vehicle ownership, population
density, vacant housing units – basically ANY data
published at Census tract level
• Characteristics of station’s host municipality: per-capita
property tax base, property tax rate – basically ANY data
published at muni level – parkland per capita, %
undeveloped land, % of land still developable
8.
9. Population density (2009) > 20,000 per
square mile in station area
• 9th St. (HBLR) [Hoboken]
• 2nd St. (HBLR) [Hoboken]
• Hoboken Terminal
• Harborside (HBLR) [Jersey City]
• Grove St. PATH [Jersey City]
• Lincoln Harbor (HBLR) [Weehawken]
• Bloomfield Ave (Newark Subway) [Newark]
• Journal Square [Jersey City]
• Harsimus (HBLR) [Jersey City]
• Park Ave (Newark Subway) [Newark]
• Orange St. (Newark Subway) [Newark]
• Elizabeth
10. Walkability is a key characteristic of TOD:
station neighborhoods with > 45% of households having zero
vehicles available
• Warren St. (Newark Subway) [Newark]
• Washington St. (Newark Subway) [Newark]
• Newark Airport [Newark]
• Norfolk St. (Newark Subway) [Newark]
• Military Park (Newark Subway) [Newark]
• Journal Square [Jersey City]
• Paterson
• Newport / Pavonia [Jersey City]
• Newark – Penn Station
12. Stations with host municipality > 50% land
undevelopable (preserved or constrained)
• Atco [Waterford Twp., Camden County]
• Atlantic City
• Egg Harbor City
• Gillette
• Stirling Long Hill Twp., Morris County
• Millington
• Mahwah
• Hammonton
• Lincoln Park
Most new development will probably be on already-developed land
13. Stations with host municipality having > 20% of
land undeveloped but still developable
• Far Hills
• Vineland Transp. Center [bus terminal]
• Peapack
• Gladstone
Can new
• White House [Readington Twp.]
• Florence development be
• Roebling [Florence Twp.] steered to
• Annandale [Clinton Twp.] already-
• Hammonton developed land?
• Lakewood Bus Terminal
• Bernardsville
• North Branch [Branchburg Twp.]
• Mountain Lakes
14. Transit-hosting municipalities that are at least
80 percent developed but with less than 1 acre
of parkland per 1,000 residents
• Hoboken • Paterson • Point Pleasant
• Roselle Park • Plainfield • Perth Amboy
• Garfield • Dunellen • Elizabeth
• •
•
Irvington
Glen Ridge •
Belmar
Clifton
•
•
Park Ridge
Manasquan
More urban
• Union City • Waldwick • Little Falls green space
• Collingswood • Rahway • Madison
• Orange • Spring Lake • Little Silver needed!
• Passaic • Weehawken • Somerville
• Asbury Park • Bayonne • Hillsdale
• Garwood • River Edge • Linden
• Fanwood • Teterboro • Raritan borough
• East Orange • Edgewater • Bound Brook
• Wood-Ridge • Hawthorne • Pennsauken [River Line stations]
• Freehold • Oradell • Wildwood [bus terminal]
• Bradley Beach • Harrison • Woodbridge Twp.
• Hackensack • Haddon Twp. [Westmont PATCO] • North Bergen
• South Orange • Westwood • Cherry Hill
• Allenhurst • Metuchen • New Brunswick
• Bloomfield • Haddonfield • Woodcliff Lake
• Red Bank
15. Can new development be steered to
already-developed land?
Tool: “Non-contiguous clustering”
16. Why Cluster?
Put development where it makes the most sense
Preserve open space or farmland without using tax payer funds
18. Contiguous Cluster Development
• Development is
concentrated on a
portion of the site
• Remaining land is
preserved as open
space or farmland
without relying on
public purchase
19. Noncontiguous Cluster
Development
Two or more non-adjacent parcels are treated as
a single site for the purpose of clustering.
20. Simple Example: All allowed units on both parcels are
built on one [yellow], and the other is preserved [green]
21. More Complex Example: Multiple non-contiguous
parcels are treated as one, with one parcel serving as
the receiving area
22. Implementation in New Jersey
Ten towns with ordinances:
• Delaware
• Hillsborough*
• Hopewell
• Middle
• Monroe*
• Mt. Olive*
• North Hanover
• Ocean
• Plainsboro*
• Robbinsville*
* Five towns with
noncontiguous cluster
developments
23. “Reduced demand for auto travel, improved
travel options, less air and water pollution”
Using TOD to Shrink Your Carbon Footprint:
Why are greenhouse gases a transportation
issue?
Transportation sector is dominant source of carbon
emissions, contributing 35 percent of New Jersey’s greenhouse gas total
How are greenhouse-gas emissions from
transportation a land-use issue?
24. Total emissions = low-emissions
vehicles, alternat
[emissions per gallon] e fuels
x [gallons per mile (i.e. the inverse of average
MPG)] fuel efficiency
x [total miles (VMT)]
amount of travel
Or: total emissions = [emissions per mile] x [miles]
25. Vehicle-Miles Traveled (VMT)
• Land use patterns – particularly decisions we make
about how far apart to build things – determine how
much people have to drive
• These decisions have long-lasting implications:
buildings last a lot longer than cars
• Putting things closer together makes some trips
walkable, makes transit more viable, and makes
many car trips shorter
26. LAND USE IN TOD
• Higher-density development -- supports
transit.
• Mixed use development -- provides
origins and destinations for transit users.
• Compact development form -- encourages
walking and bicycling.
27. Thank you!
Tim Evans
Director of Research
timevans@njfuture.org
New Jersey Future
137 W. Hanover St.
Trenton, N.J. 08618
609-393-0008 ext. 103
http://www.njfuture.org
Notes de l'éditeur
This is the simplest example of how a noncontiguous cluster might be executed., where all of the allowed units on both sites are constructed on one site, and the other site is preserved.
This is another example of how a noncontiguous cluster might be executed where all of the allowed units from four parcels are clustered onto one parcel.