TCP-IP BY FOROUZAN

1. CChhaapptteerr 2233
IIPP OOvveerr AATTMM
Objectives
Upon completion you will be able to:
• Review the features of an ATM WAN
• Understand how an a datagram can pass through an ATM WAN
• Understand how an IP packet is encapsulated in cells
• Understand how cells are routed in an ATM network
• Understand the function of ATMARP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 1

2. 23.1 ATM WANS
We review some features of the ATM WAN nneeeeddeedd ttoo uunnddeerrssttaanndd IIPP
oovveerr AATTMM.. TThhee oonnllyy AAAALL uusseedd bbyy tthhee IInntteerrnneett iiss AAAALL55,, ssoommeettiimmeess ccaalllleedd
tthhee ssiimmppllee aanndd eeffffiicciieenntt aaddaappttaattiioonn llaayyeerr ((SSEEAALL))..
TThhee ttooppiiccss ddiissccuusssseedd iinn tthhiiss sseeccttiioonn iinncclluuddee::
LLaayyeerrss
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 2

3. Figure 23.1 An ATM WAN in the Internet
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 3

4. Figure 23.2 ATM layers in routers and switches
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4

5. NNoottee::
End devices such as routers use all
three layers, while switches use only
the bottom two layers.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 5

6. Figure 23.3 AAL5
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6

7. NNoottee::
The AAL layer used by the IP protocol
is AAL5.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7

8. Figure 23.4 ATM layer
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8

9. Figure 23.5 ATM headers
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9

10. 23.2 CARRYING A DATAGRAM
IN CELLS
We show how an example of a datagram encapsulated iinn ffoouurr cceellllss aanndd
ttrraannssmmiitttteedd tthhrroouugghh aann AATTMM nneettwwoorrkk..
TThhee ttooppiiccss ddiissccuusssseedd iinn tthhiiss sseeccttiioonn iinncclluuddee::
WWhhyy UUssee AAAALL55??
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10

11. Figure 23.6 Fragmentation
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11

12. NNoottee::
Only the last cell carries the 8-byte
trailer added to the IP datagram.
Padding can be added only to the last
cell or the last two cells.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12

13. NNoottee::
The value of the PT field is 000 in all
cells carrying an IP datagram
fragment except for the last cell;
the value is 001 in the last cell.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13

14. Figure 23.7 ATM cells
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14

15. 23.3 ROUTING THE CELLS
The ATM network creates a route between two rroouutteerrss.. WWee ccaallll tthheessee
rroouutteerrss eenntteerriinngg--ppooiinntt aanndd eexxiittiinngg--ppooiinntt rroouutteerrss..
TThhee ttooppiiccss ddiissccuusssseedd iinn tthhiiss sseeccttiioonn iinncclluuddee::
AAddddrreesssseess
AAddddrreessss BBiinnddiinngg
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15

16. Figure 23.8 Entering-point and exiting-point routers
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16

17. 23.4 ATMARP
ATMARP finds (maps) the physical address of the eexxiittiinngg--ppooiinntt rroouutteerr
ggiivveenn tthhee IIPP aaddddrreessss ooff tthhee eexxiittiinngg--ppooiinntt rroouutteerr.. NNoo bbrrooaaddccaassttiinngg iiss
iinnvvoollvveedd..
TThhee ttooppiiccss ddiissccuusssseedd iinn tthhiiss sseeccttiioonn iinncclluuddee::
PPaacckkeett FFoorrmmaatt
AATTMMAARRPP OOppeerraattiioonn
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18. Figure 23.9 ATMARP packet
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19. TTaabbllee 2233..11 OOPPEERR ffiieelldd
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20. NNoottee::
The inverse request and inverse reply
messages can bind the physical
address to an IP address in a PVC
situation.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 20

21. Figure 23.10 Binding with PVC
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 21

22. Figure 23.11 Binding with ATMARP
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 22

23. NNoottee::
The request and reply message can be
used to bind a physical address to an
IP address in an SVC situation.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 23

24. NNoottee::
The inverse request and inverse reply
can also be used to build the server’s
mapping table.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 24

25. Figure 23.12 Building a table
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 25

26. 23.5 LOGICAL IP SUBNET (LIS)
An ATM network can be divided into logical (not pphhyyssiiccaall)) ssuubbnneettwwoorrkkss..
TThhiiss ffaacciilliittaatteess tthhee ooppeerraattiioonn ooff AATTMMAARRPP aanndd ootthheerr pprroottooccoollss ((ssuucchh aass
IIGGMMPP)) tthhaatt nneeeedd ttoo ssiimmuullaattee bbrrooaaddccaassttiinngg oonn aann AATTMM nneettwwoorrkk..
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 26

27. Figure 23.13 LIS
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 27

28. NNoottee::
LIS allows an ATM network to be
divided into several logical subnets. To
use ATMARP, we need a separate
server for each subnet.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 28