4. Do Organizations Have Uniform
Cultures?
• A dominant culture expresses the core
values that are shared by a majority of the
organization’s members
• A multiculture is Minicultures within the
organization, typically defined by
department designations and geographical
separations
15-4
5. Strong vs. Weak Cultures
• In a strong culture, the organization’s core
values are both intensely held and widely
shared
• Core values are primary
and dominant values that
are accepted through out
the organization
15-5
7. Culture vs. formalization
• The stronger an organizational culture, the
less management need to be concerned
with developing formalization
15-7
8. Culture as a Liability
• Barriers to change
• Barriers to diversity
• Barriers to acquisition and mergers
15-8
9. How a Culture Begins
• Culture is created in three ways:
Founders hire and keep those who think and
feel the same way they do
They indoctrinate and socialize these
employees to their way of thinking and feeling
Their behavior acts as a role model
encouraging employees to identify with them
15-9
10. Keeping a Culture Alive
• Selection – seek out those who would fit in
• Top Management – Senior executives
establish norms of behavior through what
they say and do
• Socialization – process that adapts
employees to the organization culture
15-10
13. How Employees Learn Culture
•
•
•
•
Stories
Rituals
Material Symbols
Language
15-13
14. Managing Cultural Change
• Cultural change is most likely to take when
the following conditions exist:
Dramatic crisis exists or is created
Turnover
Young and small organization
Weak culture
15-14
15. Creating an Ethical
Organizational Culture
•
•
•
•
Be a visible role model
Communicate ethical expectations
Provide ethical training
Visibly reward ethical acts and punish
unethical ones
• Provide protective mechanisms
15-15
16. Managerial Action to Make Culture
More Customer Responsive
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Selection
Training
Structural design
Empowerment
Leadership
Performance evaluation
Reward systems
15-16
17. Implications for Managers
• Create the culture you want when the
organization is small
• If established culture needs to be changed,
expect it to take years
15-17