2. 1.
BEHAVIOURISM
Learning is a mechanical process of habit formation
and proceeds by means of the frequent.
Precepts are :
o Never Translet
o New language should always dealt within the
squence : hear, speak, read, write
o Frequent repetition is essential to effective learning
o An errors must be immediately corrects.
3. 2. MENTALISM
Chomsky conclude :
o Thinking must be rule-governed
• A finite
• Fairly small
• Set of rules enables the mind to deal with the
potentially infinite range of experience it may
encounter
o Learning is consist not of forming habits, but
acquiring rules.
4. 3. COGNITIVE CODE : LEARNERS AS THINKING
BEINGS
Learning is a process in which the learner actively
tries to make sense of data
The cognitive view takes :
the learner to be an active processor of information
require learners to think
actively tries to make sense of data
managed to impose some sort of meaningful
interpretation on pattern on the data
Task : Problem-Solving activities
5. 4. THE AFFECTIVE FACTOR : LEARNERS AS
EMOTIONAL BEINGS
The importance of the emotional factor
Gardner and Lambert’s identified two form of
motifation :
o Instrumental Motivation
o Integrative Motivation
Conclusion of Gardner and Lambert
6. 5. LEARNING AND ACQUISITION
Learning seen as a conscious process, while
acquisition proceeds unconsciously.
7. 6. A MODEL FOR LEARNING
Picture the mind as a network conditions, rather like a
road map (see figure below)
8. In figure above, for example town X is unlokely to be
connected into the network, unless towns Y and Z are
already connected.
Why have we pictured the mind as operating like
this?
a.
Individual items of knowledge, like the towns,
have little significance on their own
b.
It is the existing network that makes it possible
to construct new connections
c.
Items of knowledge are not equal significance
d.
Roads and railways are not built haphazardly
e.
A communication network is a system
f.
Last, but by no means least, before anyone
builds a road, crosses a river or climbs a
mountain, they must have some kind of
mountain, they must have some kinds of
motivation to do so.
