Primary immunodeficiencies are caused by genetic defects that impair the immune system's ability to fight infections. They can be classified as humoral, affecting antibody production; cellular, affecting T cells and cell-mediated immunity; or combined. Common primary immunodeficiencies include X-linked agammaglobulinemia, isolated IgA deficiency, common variable immunodeficiency, hyper IgM syndrome, and severe combined immunodeficiency. Secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired, having underlying causes like infections, malnutrition, aging, or drugs. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

1. IMMUNE DISORDERS Noel C. Santos, M.D.

25. Mast Cells and the Allergic Response

26. Mast Cells and the Allergic Response

29. Immune Complex Mediated Hypersensitivity

31. Allergic Contact Dermatitis Response to Poison Ivy Hapten

40. Autoimmune Diseases Organ-Specific: Hashimoto thyroiditis Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Rheumatoid arthritis Autoimmune atrophic gastritis (pernicious anemia) Multiple sclerosis Reiter syndrome Autoimmune orchitis Inflammatory myopathies* Goodpasture syndrome Autoimmune thrombocytopenia Polyarteritis nodosa* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Myasthenia gravis Graves disease Primary biliary cirrhosis* Systemic: Systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)* Sjögren syndrome Autoimmune (chronic active) hepatitis* Ulcerative colitis*

42. centromere homogenous speckled nucleolar rim

44. Clinical and Pathologic Manifestations of SLE Clin Mfnx Prevalence in Pts (%) Hematologic 100 Arthritis 90 Skin 85 Fever 83 Fatigue 81 Weight loss 63 Renal 50 CNS 50 Pleuritis 46 Myalgia 33 Pericarditis 25 Gastrointestinal 21 Raynaud phenomenon 20 Ocular 15 Peripheral neuropathy 14

46. Pericarditis and valvular deposits (Libman-Sacks)

49. Thank you very much for listening……