The document summarizes key events and figures of the civil rights movement and counterculture era of the 1960s. It discusses Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X's approaches to challenging racism and segregation, the rise of the hippie movement among college students in the 1960s who experimented with drugs and free love, and the women's movement led by Betty Friedan advocating for women's independence. It also outlines developments in music and the 1969 Woodstock festival before noting the end of the hippie era with the 1970 Kent State shootings and winding down of the Vietnam War.

1. Dr. Martin Luther King
• Challenged racism &
segregation w/ non-
violence and passive
resistance-
• Beliefs of Gandhi

2. Malcolm X
• Family moved to Lansing,
Michigan to escape racism
• Dad murdered at 3, “reported
suicide”
• Orphaned, life of crime, while
in jail met Elijah Mohammed-
Nation of Islam
• God was Black & great war
would occur between races
• Believed in Black Power
• African-American movement
that focused on gaining control
of economic and political
power, by force if necessary.

3. Malcolm X continued
• Beliefs
• The white man was the
devil with whom blacks
could not live.
• “Integration was dead.
Absolute segregation of
the races was the goal.”
• Killed Feb. 21, 1965 after
he broke w/ the nation of
Islam

4. Hippies!!!!!!
 The “beats” of
the 1950’s
become the
hippies of the
1960’s
• “Don’t Trust
Anyone Over
30!”

5. The Hippie Counterculture
• Who? Young, Middle Class,
College Students
• Where? College campuses
• Cal-Berkeley, 70% of the
campus went on strike
• When? 1964
• Why? Challenge established
society, question
mainstream society, focus
on Vietnam

6. Hippies!!!
• How? Tried to shock
America
• Nudity
• Profanity
• Permissive Sexual
Behavior
• Experimenting w/ mind-
altering drugs

7. Negatives to the Hippie Movement
• 1. Large
Increase in
Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases
(STD’s)
• 2. Large
Increase in the
amount of drug
addictions

8. Women’s Movement
• Betty Friedan
• The Feminine Mystique
(1963)
• Challenged the
traditional view of
woman
• Women should not give
up their dreams for their
husbands & children
• “A woman needs a man
like a fish needs a
bicycle.” – Betty Friedan

9. Art-Pop Art
• Pop Art is the use of
everyday objects in art!
• Andy Warhol-”Art should
be for everyone!”
• Soup cans!

10. Musical Revolution
• British Invasion
• The Beatles
• The Rolling Stones
• The Who
• Jimi Hendrix-use of the
electric guitar
• Music began to
challenge the Vietnam
War!!!

11. Woodstock (August 1969)

12. The End of the Hippies!
• 1. Kent State (April 4, 1970)
• 4 Dead, 9 Wounded
• College campuses are no longer the safe havens that they were!
• 2. Vietnam War was winding down!
• Remember, LBJ announced that there would be no more bombing of
North Vietnam.
• 3. Counterculture is becoming part of accepted culture-no longer
different