2. MOTIVATION
(YANG 1999)
-Positive correlation between motivation
level and use of LLS.
• (McIntyre and Noels 1996)
-More motivated learners used more
language strategies and more frequently
• (Chang and Huang 1999)
- Number of learning associated with motivation
level.
3. GENDER
(EHRMAN and OXFORD 1989; GREEN and
OXFORD 1995; POLITZER 1983)
- The female students are more and frequent to use
SPB rather than the male students.
• (ELLIS 1994)
- I t was defined as an effort done by the students in
the second language learning due to the interest
to be good in it.
4. PARENTAL BACKGROUND
(MOHD NADALI 1999)
- There’s a significant connection between the
parental background and strategy used overall and
following the category.
• (FAIZAHANI 2002)
- The different significant is when the parent’s
academic background including the usage of SBP.
5. FAMILY INCOME
(MACKEY 1977)
- Parents who already have the stable income can
support their children’s developing process.
- It also influence the SPB usage level during the
learning proses.
6. ETHNIC AND CULTURE
(PENNYCOOK 1997, PIERSON 1996)
- The different the culture, the different the way they
learn.
• (SURTRIDGE 1997)
- Different backgrounds culture and the education
system produce different strength and weakness
among the students.
• (CORBETT 1999)
- Some of them are very poor and weak in
communication
skills because they were trained in the open society.
