2. VERB TO BE
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I AM I’M NOT AM I...?
YOU ARE YOU AREN’T ARE YOU...?
HE IS HE ISN’T IS HE ...?
SHE IS SHE ISN’T IS SHE...?
IT IS IT ISN’T IS IT...?
WE ARE WE AREN’T ARE WE...?
YOU ARE YOU AREN’T ARE YOU...?
THEY ARE THEY AREN’T ARE THEY...?
3. VERB TO BE (PAST)
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I WAS I WASN’T WAS I...?
YOU WERE YOU WEREN’T WERE YOU...?
HE WAS HE WASN’T WAS HE...?
SHE WAS SHE WASN’T WAS SHE...?
IT WAS IT WASN’T WAS IT...?
WE WERE WE WEREN’T WERE WE...?
YOU WERE YOU WERE WERE YOU...?
THEY WERE THEY WEREN’T WERE THEY...?
4. PRESENT SIMPLE
USAGE
L’utlitzem per parlar de RUTINES i veritats generals
EXAMPLES:
Mary goes to school every day
Peter doesn’t study French, he studies English
Water boils at 100º C
My parents work in a bank in the mornings
5. PRESENT SIMPLE
FORM:
AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + verb + complements (I/ you/we/they)
Subject + verb-s/ -es + complements (he/she/it)
Verb _ o : go – goes Verb_ consonant + y Verb_ i + es
_ ss: kiss – kisses study studies
_ sh: wash - washes
_ch: watch – watches Verb_ vowel + y Verb _ y +s
_ x: fix – fixes play plays
6. PRESENT SIMPLE
NEGATIVE
Subject + DON’T + verb + complements (I/ you/ we/they)
Subject + DOESN’T + verb + complements (He/she/it)
They DON’T play tennis
She DOESN’T eat meat.
INTERROGATIVE
(wh-word) + DO + subject + verb + complements? (I/you/we/they)
(wh-word) + DOES + subject + verb + complements? (he/she/it)
Where DO you study?
How often DOES your sister go to the gym?
7. PRESENT SIMPLE
ADVERBS OF EXPRESSIONS OF
FREQUENCY FREQUENCY
Always sempre Every day cada dia
Usually normalment Once a day un cop al dia
Often sovint Twice a week dos cops a la …
Sometimes a vegades Every now and then tot sovint
Hardly ever gairebé mai
Never mai
8. PRESENT SIMPLE
POSITIONS WITHIN THE SENTENCE:
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Subject + verb TO BE + adverb + complement
Subject + adverb + verb + complement
Subject + verb TO BE + NOT + adverb + complements
Subject + DON’T/ DOESN’T + adverb + verb + complements
Verb TO BE + subject + adverb + complements?
(wh-word) + DO/DOES + subject + adverb + verb + complements?
9. PRESENT SIMPLE
EXPRESSIONS OF FREQUENCY:
SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS + EXPRESSION OF FREQUENCY
(ALWAYS at the end of the sentence)
My friends have karate lessons twice a week
She doesn’t go to the gym every day
10. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
USAGE
L’utilitzem per parlar sobre coses que estan
passant en el precís moment en el que es
diu/parla, és a dir, ARA.
EXAMPLES:
Emily is having a coffee now
The students are taking notes right now
My father is not reading the newspaper, he’s reading a magazine.
11. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + VERB TO BE + Verb_ing + complements
NEGATIVE
Subject + VERB TO BE + NOT + Verb_ing + complements
INTERROGATIVE
(wh-word) + VERB TO BE + subject + Verb_ing + complements?
12. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
SPELLING CHANGES WHEN ADDING _ING
1.- Verb _ ie Verb_ y + ing 2.- Verb_e Verb_ +
ing
lie lying dance
dancing
3.- Verb _CVC Verb_CVCC + ing
traveltravelling
run running
13. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Some verbs can never be used with the ING form
COST
BELIEVE
THINK (when it means to have an opinion)
LOVE
LIKE
HATE
ENJOY
DISLIKE
UNDERSTAND, COMPREHEND…
14. PAST SIMPLE
• USAGE
L’utilitzem per parlar sobre coses que van passar
en un punt del passat. Són accions completades
i acabades.
• EXAMPLES
• Emily BROKE her arm last summer
• The students HAD an exam yesterday
• My father WASHED his car two days ago
17. PAST SIMPLE
• CLUES
– Yesterday ahir
– Last _____ passat (last week setmana passada)
– _____ ago enrere/ fa (three years ago fa tres anys)
– Data en passat in 1999
18. PAST CONTINUOUS
• USAGE
1.- L’utilitzem per parlar sobre accions llargues
que ocorren en un punt ESPECÍFIC del
passat (us diran una hora, una part del
dia…)
My sister watched TV yesterday (past simple)
My sister WAS WATCHING TV Yesterday at 9 (past continuous)
19. PAST CONTINOUS
2.- També per dues accions llargues que passen
SIMULTÀNIAMENT (generalment unides
per while/meanwhile/ whereas…)
My mother was cooking WHILE I was setting the table
20. PAST CONTINUOUS
3.- També l’utilitzem per parlar sobre accions
llargues (past continous) que són
interrompudes per una acció curta (past
simple)
Catherine was sleeping WHEN the phone rang
Peter arrived WHILE they were having dinner
22. PAST CONTINUOUS
• WHILE + Una frase en PAST CONTINOUS
• WHEN + Una frase en PAST SIMPLE
• CLUES
• Un moment específic del passat
• While mentre
23. PRESENT PERFECT
USAGE
(a) L’utilitzem per parlar sobre accions que van començar en el
passat i segueixen en el present
(b) També per accions que fa tan poc que han acabat que no es
poden considerar passades, però tampoc presents.
Generalement es diferencien perquè els resultats són encara
visibles.
EXAMPLES
(e) They have lived in this house since 1999.
(f) Look! The ground is wet. It has rained!
25. PRESENT PERFECT
ADVERBS (Clues)
NEVER/EVER mai
Never in affirmative sentences (she has NEVER lived in China)
Ever in negative and interrogative sentences (She hasn’t ever lived in China)
(Has she ever lived in China?)
ALREADY/JUST ja/ acabat de...
In affirmative sentences only (she has already/just bought an icecream)
YET encara no...
In negative and interrogative sentences and at the end of sentences
(she hasn’t finished her homework yet./ Has she finished her homework yet?)
26. PAST PERFECT
USAGE
Quan tenim dues accions en passat, una succeeix abans que l’altra.
Doncs bé, aquesta s’expresa en past perfect (1st action)
EXAMPLES
When the police ARRIVED (2nd action), the thieves HAD LEFT (1st
action)
She HAD EATEN DINNER (1st action) when James GOT home (2nd
action)
28. PAST PERFECT
ADVERBS (Clues)
SINCE/FOR des de / durant
Emily hasn’t painted her house since 2010/ Emily hasn’t painted her house for an year.
NEVER/EVER mai
Never in affirmative sentences (she has NEVER lived in China)
Ever in negative and interrogative sentences (She hasn’t ever lived in China)
(Has she ever lived in China?)
ALREADY/JUST ja/ acabat de...
In affirmative sentences only (she has already/just bought an icecream)
YET encara no...
In negative and interrogative sentences and at the end of sentences
(she hasn’t finished her homework yet./ Has she finished her homework yet?)
29. FUTURE
Hi ha tres tipus de futur:
- will/won’t
- be going to
- present continous
30. FUTURE
WILL/WON’T
L’utilitzem per parlar sobre accions futures que NO
han estat planejades
E.g: She thinks she will go to Italy
També per parlar sobre prediccions que NO es basen
en cap evidència present
E.g: (it’s a sunny day). I think it will rain
32. FUTURE
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I will study I won’t study Will I study?
You will study You won’t study Will you study?
He will study He won’t study Will he study?
She will study She won’t study Will she study?
It will study It won’t study Will it study?
We will study We won’t study Will we study?
You will study You won’t study Will you study?
They will study They won’t study Will they study?
won’t = will not
33. FUTURE
BE GOING TO
L’utilitzem per parlar sobre accions futures que SI
han estat planejades
E.g: She is going to go to Italy (she has planned it)
També per parlar sobre prediccions que SI es basen
en cap evidència present
E.g: (it’s a cloudy day). It is going to rain
35. FUTURE
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am going to buy I’m not going to buy Am I going to
buy?
You are going to buy You aren’t going to buy Are you going to buy?
He is going to buy He isn’t going to buy Is he going to buy?
She is going to buy She isn’t going to buy Is she going to buy?
It is going to buy It isn’t going to buy Is it going to buy?
We are going to buy We aren’t going to buy Are we going to buy?
You are going to buy You aren’t going to buy Are you going to buy?
They are going to buy They aren’t going to buy Are they going to buy?
36. FUTURE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
L’utilitzem per parlar sobre accions que SEGUR
tindran lloc.
E.g. The wedding is taking place on Sunday at 1
38. FUTURE
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
I am travelling I’m not travelling Am I travelling?
You are travelling You aren’t travelling Are you travelling?
He is travelling He isn’t travelling Is he travelling?
She is travelling She isn’t travelling Is she travelling?
It is travelling It isn’t travelling Is it travelling?
We are travelling We aren’t travelling Are we travelling?
You are travelling You aren’t travelling Are you travelling?
They are travelling They aren’t travelling Are they travelling?
39. MODAL VERBS
Hi ha 5 tipus de MODAL VERBS:
TO EXPRESS ABILITY
TO EXPRESS POSSIBILITY
TO EXPRESS OBLIGATION
TO EXPRESS PROHIBITION
TO GIVE ADVICE
40. MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS ABILTY
Present Past Future
Can/ Can’t Could/couldn’t Will be able to
puc/pots... Podia/podies/podíem... podré
Subject + MODAL VERB + verb + complement
She can’t fly
41. MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS POSSIBILITY
MAY/ MIGHT és possible que...
Subject + MODAL VERB + verb + complement
They may come to the party
42. MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS OBLIGATION
PRESENT PAST FUTURE
Must/ Have to Had to Will have to
He de.../has de... Havia de... Haurà de....
Subject + MODAL VERB + verb + complement
She has to clean the floor
I must do the project
43. MODAL VERBS
TO EXPRESS PROHIBITION
MUSTN’T tens prohibit...
Subject + MODAL VERB + verb + complement
You mustn’t take photos
44. MODAL VERBS
TO GIVE ADVICE
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Should Shouldn’t
Ought to Ought not to
Subject + MODAL VERB + verb + complement
She shouldn’t smoke
You ought to go to the doctor
45. CONDITIONALS
THERE ARE 4 CONDITIONALS
- ZERO CONDITIONAL
- FIRST CONDITIONAL
- SECOND CONDITIONAL
- THIRD CONDITIONAL
46. CONDITIONALS
ZERO CONDITIONAL
(EXPRESSA FETS QUE OCORREN SEGUR DONADA LA CONDICIÓ NECESSÀRIA)
If____________, _______________
present simple present simple
E.g. If you heat water at 100º C, it boils
47. CONDITIONALS
FIRST CONDITIONAL
(EXPRESSA FETS QUE ÉS MOLT POSSIBLE QUE OCORRIN DONADA LA CONDICIÓ
NECESSÀRIA)
If____________, _______________
present simple future (will/won’t)
E.g. If you study hard, you will pass your exams
48. CONDITIONALS
SECOND CONDITIONAL
(EXPRESSA FETS FETS IRREALS, HIP`ÒTESIS, SOMNIS)
If____________, _______________
past simple (-ed/2nd column) would/wouldn’t + verb
E.g. If she was rich, she would buy a house
If I WERE you, I wouldn’t go to the party
