Week 8 landscape architecture

LANDSCAPE
ARCHITECTURE
WEEK 8
AED1313 INTRODUCTION TO BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Compiled by
Department of Architecture and Environmental Design
Centre for Foundation Studies
International Islamic University Malaysia

ContentsContents
Introduction
Definitions
 Landscape
 Landscape Design
 Profession
Hard and Soft Landscape
A. Hard Landscape
B. Soft Landscape
Sustainable Landscape
 Sustainable Landscape

IntroductionIntroduction
 Landscape architects have become increasingly important as
people desire their living and work spaces to be not only functional,
but also beautiful and environmentally sound.
 Landscape architects use equal parts of design, mathematics,
horticulture, and environmental studies to plan parks, golf courses,
and the outdoor areas of building complexes.
 Landscape architects may also work to reclaim land, such as at
former landfills and strip-mines, and at sites of historical restoration.
Video 1 Video 2

DefinitionDefinition
 Landscape
 Exterior spaces and /or settings for
planned groupings of structures and
spaces
(courtyards, malls, parks; sites for homes
or other structures; farms, countryside,
national forests, etc)
 Is combination of both natural and built
environment
 Landscape Design
 The art of changing the natural feature
of the outdoor with the intention of
making the environment more attractive
and functional.
 It is meant for human physical needs,
mental health and divine comfort.
A farm
Sutera Harbour Resort,
Kota Kinabalu

 Profession
A landscape architect is a person involved in the planning,
design and sometimes oversight of an exterior landscape or
space. Their professional practice is known as landscape
architecture.
The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects states that
"Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on
the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of
development of the environment and spaces, both within
and beyond the built environment".
Chinese landscape English landscapeIslamic landscape
Landscape ArchitectLandscape Architect

Being A Landscape ArchitectBeing A Landscape Architect
 Landscape architects create places for people to live, work and
play and places for plants and animals to thrive. Landscape
architects also speak up for and care for our landscapes.
 Landscape architects study, plan, design and manage spaces
which are both sustainable and aesthetically pleasing.
 Landscape architects design landscape areas so that they are not
only functional but also beautiful and harmonious with the natural
environment.

 Increasingly, landscape architects are working in environmental
remediation, such as preserving and restoring wetlands or
managing storm-water runoff in new developments.
 They are also increasingly playing a role in preserving and
restoring historic landscapes.

 Landscape architects plan the locations of buildings, roads, and
walkways. They also plan where to plant flowers, shrubs, and
trees.
 Many landscape architects specialize in a particular area, such as
beautifying or otherwise improving streets and highways,
waterfronts, parks and playgrounds, or shopping centers.
 Landscape architects work with architects, town planners, civil
engineers and a host of other professionals. They are leading the
way in tackling climate change and also helping to regenerate
towns and cities across the world.

 Landscape architects typically do the following:
 Confer with clients, engineers, and building architects to
understand a project
 Prepare site plans, specifications, and cost estimates
 Coordinate the arrangement of existing and proposed land
features and structures
 Prepare graphic representations and drawings of proposed
plans and designs
 Analyze environmental reports and data on land conditions, such
as drainage
 Inspect landscape work to ensure that it adheres to original
plans
 Approve the quality of work that others do
 Seek new work through marketing or by giving presentations

Landscape Architect ProfessionLandscape Architect Profession
More on landscape architecture ? Visit
http://asla.org/design/index.html

The Landscape Architecture profession in Malaysia
was initially formed under the name Angkatan
Landskap Arkitek Malaysia (ALAM) on 24 September
1981.
ALAM was represented by various professions and
privates individuals. With the increasing number of
graduates from local and aboard, there was a need to
move the association forward, hence then ALAM
became Institute of Landscape Architects Malaysia
(ILAM).
In 1984, ILAM gained international recognition by becoming a member of the
International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA) and the
International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and also accepted as
a member of the Malaysian Professional Centre (BIM) in 1992.
Professional BodyProfessional Body

Hard Landscape ElementsHard Landscape Elements
 Definition
The term hard landscape is used by practitioners of landscape
architecture and garden design to describe the construction
materials which are used to improve a landscape by design.
Hard landscape can also describe outdoor furniture and other
landscape products.
A wide range of hard landscape materials can be used, such as brick,
gravel, stone, concrete, timber, bitumen, glass, metals, etc.

A. Hard Landscape Elements
 Functions of Hard Landscape Elements
 to provide physical visual interest, i.e. texture, colours,
materials
 to satisfy practical needs of user, i.e. seating, safety, comfort
 to protect landscape plantings, i.e. retaining walls, for
example, can help prevent erosion and porous paving material
limits water runoff.

 Gazebos/Pavillions
Japanese
Chinese
English
Islamic

 Sculptures
Chinese
English
Japanese
Japanese
English

 Other Elements
Pergola (English)
Bridge (Japanese)
Moon Gate (Chinese)
Fountain (Islamic)
Bollard

B. Soft Landscape Elements
 Definition
The term soft landscape is used by practitioners of landscape design,
landscape architecture, and garden design; and gardeners to describe
the vegetative materials which are used to improve a landscape
by design.
The range of soft landscape materials includes each layer of the
ecological sequence: aquatic plants, semi-aquatic plants, field layer
plants (including grasses and herbaceous plants) shrubs and trees.

 Ground Covers & Grasses
 Some ground cover plants make good
alternatives to turfgrasses in some
locations, especially in the xeriscaped
landscape.
 They provide variety of texture and
color, reduce soil erosion, and serve as a
transition between grass areas and shrub
or flower beds.
 Grasses add variety to many types of
gardens, including water, Japanese, rock,
wildlife, craft, xeriscape, container and
others.
 Ornamental grasses add two elements to
the garden experience that are not readily
obtained from many other plants:
movement and sound.

 Shrubs
 Shrubs are the primary way gardeners can
diversify the garden horizontally.
 Shrubs are also a useful source for food
and cover for wildlife on a smaller scale,
often down to ground level.
 Shrubs provide cover for some smaller
shade-loving plants.
 Some flowering shrubs attract birds with
their fruit and some shrubs even provide
colorful fall foliage rivaling any tree.

 Trees
 Besides the economic value a quality tree
can add, it also provides shade, privacy,
and beauty.
 Trees provide dramatic vertical layering
within the landscape and garden.
 Trees create shady microclimates in the
landscape, protecting shrubs and
groundcovers from direct exposure to the
natural elements.

Fragrant and flowering
shrubs

Ornamental Garden (English & French)
Pattern using evergreen shrubs called
parterres and knots.
Shape of geometry, box, yew are
frequently trimmed.
Topiary
As an art form it is a type of
living sculpture

Annual Plant
Plants that lasting only for a few months
and normally planted at the strategic
location.

SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPESUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE
 Sustainable landscaping encompasses a variety of practices that
have developed in response to environmental issues.
 These practices are used in every phase of landscaping, including
design, construction, implementation and management of residential
and commercial landscapes.
 Sustainability issues for landscaping include:
 Carbon Sequestration
 Global Climate Change
 Air Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Pesticide Toxicity
 Non-Renewable Resources
 Energy Usage
 Native plant

 Non-sustainable practices in landscape design include:
 Soil contamination
 air and water contamination
 persistence of toxic compounds in the environment
 non-sustainable consumption of natural resources
 Greenhouse gas emissions
 Invasive species

 Some of the effects of non-sustainable practices are:
 Severe degradation of the surrounding ecosystem;
 harm to human health, especially in the case of degraded drinking
water supplies;
 harm to flora and fauna and their habitats;
 sedimentation of surface waters caused by stormwater runoff;
 chemical pollutants in drinking water caused by pesticide runoff;
 health problems caused by toxic fertilizers,
 toxic pesticides, improper use, handling, storage and disposal of
pesticides;
 air and noise pollution caused by landscape equipment;
 invasion of wild lands by non-native weeds and insect pests;
 and over-use of limited natural resources.

 Some of the solutions being developed
are:
 Reduction of stormwater run-off through
the use of bio-swales, rain gardens and
green roofs and walls.
 Reduction of water use in landscapes
through design of water-wise garden
techniques (sometimes known as
xeriscapingTM
)
 Bio-filtering of wastes through
constructed wetlands
 Landscape irrigation using water from
showers and sinks, known as gray water

 Creating and enhancing wildlife habitat
in urban environments
 Energy-efficient landscape design in the
form of proper placement and selection of
shade trees and creation of wind breaks
 Permeable paving materials to reduce
stormwater run-off and allow rain water to
infiltrate into the ground and replenish
groundwater rather than run into surface
water

 Use of sustainably harvested wood,
composite wood products for decking and
other landscape projects, as well as use of
plastic lumber
 Recycling of products, such as glass,
rubber from tires and other materials to
create landscape products such as paving
stones, mulch and other materials
 Soil management techniques, including
composting kitchen and yard wastes, to
maintain and enhance healthy soil that
supports a diversity of soil life
 Integration and adoption of renewable
energy, including solar-powered landscape
lighting

Explore more on sustainable landscape and sample of case studies
http://www.asla.org/sustainablelandscapes/index.html

Discussion
In groups of 3, read through the article provided and share your
findings/thoughts with the class.
Article 1

Week 8 landscape architecture

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