Some of the general skills that can be taught to junior secondary students.

1. Social Sciences Skills Unit

5. Polynesian Shell Map Ancient Polynesians used maps to navigate around the vastness of the Pacific. Without a written language, they instead utilised local materials to pass on information. The Shells indicate islands or island groups. The Sticks show Ocean Swells and their direction. (Swells change direction as they pass islands)

6. Ptolemy: 200AD Ptolemy a Greek who studied both Astronomy and Geography, believed the world was round and used mathematics and his observations to prove it. Later through the Dark Ages and the Authority of the Church in Europe, this idea was discouraged. Usually by burning….

7. Henricus Martellus 1490

8. Attica (New York) 19 th Century: A Map in 3D

9. Cooks Charts accuracy can be attributed to his new found ability to locate longitude using Chronometers. Until the advent of Satellites only more accurate clocks improved mapmaking. New Zealand

10. Mapping Accuracy: Mercator v Peters? The Mercator map is a standard map used in classrooms. Surprisingly it is inaccurate because it does not take into account the fact that lines of longitude move closer together as they near the Poles. The Peters projection shows the landmasses more accurately. (See Africa and South America)

13. Wellington: Maps

14. Wellington Region This map was created using radar imagery from satellites which are then stitched together by a computer and shadow is added to show depth.

15. Wellington: Roads

16. Taranaki: Maps are about Information .

17. Taranaki Radio Audiences Useful for a Radio Station selling advertising.

18. Taranaki District Health Boards Useful for anyone wanting to know which DHB they belong to.

19. State Highway 45 (Hand drawn) Useful for anyone wanting to get to the Backpackers which advertised on the Internet.

20. Taranaki Search and Rescue Useful for showing the areas covered by Taranaki SAR.

21. Taranaki Iwi Used by the Treaty of Waitangi Commission in the Claims process.

22. Taranaki Surf Beaches

23. Taranaki Oil and Gas Fields Shows areas where Oil or gas Can be found – often effects the Value of land.

24. Taranaki Vegetation Shows the types of vegetation Found in different places. Often Shows land use ie farms parks etc.

25. Taranaki TB Zones Useful for pest control especially of Bovine Tuberculosis which is carried by Possums and can be spread to cattle. Worksheet Unit 9

27. Taranaki 1:2,000,000

28. Taranaki 1:50,000

36. Now try 402428 and 375416

39. Turangi 4 Figure Grid References refer to the bottom left hand corner of a square. Grid Reference 5245 is…. Refer Unit 11 Question 5 a, b and c. Read page 23 -24 of Skills Book. Contour Lines

41. Contour Lines: page 34

44. Contour Lines : The Shortest Route from A to B. This means climbing straight up and over the Hills. The Quickest Route from A to B. This means climbing up to the 30m Contour line then walking across the shoulder of both hills and down. Using Cross-Sections

46. Wellington Topo Slide 44

48. How to Construct a Precis Sketch Identify the main areas of interest. The Mountains in the Far distance. The Wooded Hills in the Middle distance The Grassy flatlands close to us. The vegetation immediately in front is up to you. The Sky is often left BLANK.

49. Try this Precis Sketch Mountains Foothills Beach

50. Now try this Precis Sketch (Mitre Peak) Mitre Peak Mountains (Foreground) Mountains (Background) Gravel Flatland Beech Forest

51. Last Chance to get your Precis Sketch right (Petone) Western Foothills Petone Industrial Area Suburban Housing Brush (Foreground) Park

63. Age-Sex Pyramid Construction Res 2.81 Japan Page 61 0-14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-74 75+ 3 3 6 6 9 9 12 12 Male Female

64. Japan 1950-2050

67. Climograph – Wellington (P 52) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec R A I N F A L L T E M P E R A T U R E 0 10 20 25 50 75 100 125 150 Ensure the line touches BOTH axes Connect points by hand Climograph for Wellington Month Rainfall (mm) Temp ( ºC) Jan 80 19 Feb 80 19 Mar 80 18 Apr 98 15 May 120 11 Jun 120 10 Jul 140 9 Aug 120 10 Sep 99 12 Oct 104 13 Nove 90 15 Dec 90 18

68. Climograph – Wellington (P 52) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec R A I N F A L L T E M P E R A T U R E 0 10 20 25 50 75 100 125 150 Month Rainfall (mm) Temp ( ºC) Jan 80 19 Feb 80 19 Mar 80 18 Apr 98 15 May 120 11 Jun 120 10 Jul 140 9 Aug 120 10 Sep 99 12 Oct 104 13 Nove 90 15 Dec 90 18

69. Climograph – Wellington (P 52) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec R A I N F A L L T E M P E R A T U R E 0 10 20 25 50 75 100 125 150 Month Rainfall (mm) Temp ( ºC) Jan 80 19 Feb 80 19 Mar 80 18 Apr 98 15 May 120 11 Jun 120 10 Jul 140 9 Aug 120 10 Sep 99 12 Oct 104 13 Nove 90 15 Dec 90 18

75. The best program on TV is… Shortland Street Good Villains ie Dominic Develops Local Talent ie Temuera Morrison & Martin Henderson Showcases our Culture ie Pakeha Pasifika, Maori and Asian It’s shown around the world ie British TV