2. We are running out of IP addresses
World Connectivity vs Population
“Internet Protocol”
Population Size
6 767 805 208 6.7 Billion people on earth
Population Size 1.7 Billion Internet users
N°Internet Users N°Internet Users
1 733 993 741
Middle East Connectivity vs Population
Population Size
202 687 005
More ways to access the Internet
Population Size
N°Internet Users
N°Internet Users
57 425 046
Page 2 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
3. We are running out of IP addresses
today
http://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4/index.html
When we reach this point, it will be too late since
there will be no more “free” IPv4 addresses!
Real time data collected 1 Mar 2010
Page 3 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
4. We are running out of IP addresses
In the future, communication will go everywhere
Page 4 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
5. IPv6 Adoption
The Question is: where are we now?
Page 5 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
6. IPv6 Matrix Project
ISOC England was awarded a Community
Grants Programme award in November
2009
Design and implementation of an “IPv6
Crawler,” software on a computer that
would crawl through the DNS at regular
intervals in order to detect:
IPv6 DNS servers
IPv6 compliant Web servers
IPv6 compliant SMTP mailers
IPv6 compliant NTP servers.
Page 6 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
7. Project Rationale
Today, the vast majority of internet traffic is generated
by a small number of data sources – i.e. the world’s
busiest Web Sites
Without IPv6 accessible content, IPv6 has no chance
of being used - ever.
Take the 1 Million most popular Web site list from
alexa.com as a starting point for the domains to be
tested. Add more domains later.
This is equivalent to testing about 6.3 million hosts
worldwide
Use GeoIP database to estimate real host location
Page 7 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
8. Teams
London, UK:
Project Management and support
Hardware supply and installation
Data Centre and IPv6 connectivity
Nile University, Egypt:
Programming
Page 8 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
9. IPv6 Matrix Project: London
Two servers: a back end Crawler, and a
front end Web server.
They function entirely independently of each
other.
The Crawler works through connectivity
tests and generates huge quantities of data
which are stored as text-based data files.
The Web server integrates this data into an
SQL database which can then be
interrogated by Web pages to make the
results available worldwide.
Page 9 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
10. Crawler (back
end)
Crawler Model
Name (eth0)
HP DL360p
turtle.ipv6matrix.org ;
crawler.ipv6matrix.org
turtle.ipv6matrix.com ;
crawler.ipv6matrix.com
turtle.ipv6matrix.net ;
crawler.ipv6matrix.net
IPv4 address 212.124.204.162 / 100 Mb/s
(eth0) /
speed
IPv6 address 2a00:19e8:20:1::a2 / 100 Mb/s
(eth0) /
speed
Name (eth1) shell.ipv6matrix.org
IPv4 address 194.33.63.250 / 1 Gb/s (GIH
(eth1) / private address space)
speed
CPU 2 x Dual Core Intel(R)
Xeon(TM) CPU 3.60GHz
RAM 4 Gb DDR2 SDRAM
HD Storage 146 Gb hardware SATA 2-disk
RAID (hot swappable)
PSU 2 x hot-swappable redundant
535W.
Operating CENTOS 5 Linux / updated
System
Page 10 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
11. Web Server
(front end)
Web Server Model
Name (eth0)
HP DL140
elephant.ipv6matrix.org ;
www.ipv6matrix.org
elephant.ipv6matrix.com ;
www.ipv6matrix.com
elephant.ipv6matrix.net ;
www.ipv6matrix.net
IPv4 address 212.124.204.170 / 100 Mb/s
(eth0) /
speed
IPv6 address 2a00:19e8:20:1::aa / 100 Mb/s
(eth0) /
speed
Name (eth1) tusk.ipv6matrix.org
IPv4 address 194.33.63.251 / 1 Gb/s (GIH
(eth1) / private address space)
speed
CPU 2 x Dual Core Intel(R) Xeon(TM)
CPU 3.40GHz
RAM 4 Gb DDR2 SDRAM
HD Storage 2 x 1 Tb fast SATA
PSU Single 500W
Operating System Ubuntu 4.4 Linux / updated
Page 11 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
12. Router
Router
Model CISCO 2811
Operating Advanced IP Services IOS
System
DRAM 64 Mb
Ethernet Ports / 2 / 100 Mb/s
speed
Interface card / MN-16ESW 16 port / 100
speed Mb/s
Page 12 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
17. Using the filter
Use the filter to select by Top Level Domain, or by type of service tested.
Page 17 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
21. Compare Historical data on
African Internet Connectivity
June 1994 May 1997
Source: Internetology - http://www.nsrc.org/codes/bymap/ntlgy/ntlgy.htm
Page 21 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
22. Dual IPv4/IPv6 general Statistics
Use the filters to check for data specific
to a single Top Level Domain, or to a set
of Top Level Domains.
It is also possible to filter by type of
service tested.
Page 22 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
23. Data Archives
Selecting Data Archives provides
a link to the detailed information
Table.
Click on “Search”, to go
directly to the Top Level Domain,
or scroll down to the desired
Top Level Domain.
Page 23 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
24. Data Archives
Example Data in Data Archives (stop
at date)
Click on the “+” to the left of the
Top Level Domain to gain
access the sub-menu containing
the dates of all the data runs,
and so on, to reveal results.
year-month-day__hour-min-sec
Page 24 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
25. Data Archives - results
Click on the links to open a
new window containing
all of the detailed results
formatted in a table.
Page 25 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
26. Data Archives - results
Basic IPv4/IPv6 connectivity table
Domain penetration summary table
Geographical IP database
Type of IPv6 access (tunnels etc.)
Trace path, hop count, MTU IPv4 & IPv6
Ping count IPv4 and IPv6
Reverse IPv4 and IPv6
SOA for Nameserver
Service detection for SMTP, HTTP and HTTPs
TLS detection for SMTP
Page 26 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
27. Detailed Data for .AE
Clicked on tcp80_WWW_ae: connection to http port
Page 27 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
28. Search for IPv6 address
Performing a search using the search menu: ipv6 not equal to n/a
shows all of the ipv6 compatible domains in the table.
The Web site is The Web site
accessible on is not accessible
IPv4 on IPv6
Page 28 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
29. Example 1: Ping delays for IPv6
Country specific results? /P1
(examples from the report / finding
errors etc.)
Search for site with no IPv4 address
and an IPv6 address starting with “2”.
At present, all valid, routable IPv6
It is possible to combine addresses start with “2”.
search items together
In this case, we looked at the UK
ping table, and combined a search
for domains which have a web site
who address is pure IPv6.
Page 29 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
30. Example 2: fake IPv6 AAAA record
Country specific results? /P2
These “ipv6” addresses are AAAA records
which pretend to denote an IPv6 address,
(examples from the report / finding
but are actually IPv4 addresses.
errors etc.)
There are plenty of examples of such mis-
configuration in the DNS.
Worse problems are caused by commas in domain
names, ie. www.domain,com as well as IP
addresses returning localhost 127.0.0.1 or ::1 etc.
Comma!
Perform a search for ipv6 field starting with ::ffff
Page 30 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
31. Machine readable output
Command directly to SQL database
http://www.ipv6matrix.org:4444/getTable?crawl=2010-07-18_12-24-48&tld=com&table=WWW_com
It is therefore possible to use an entirely new user interface with the back end database
Page 31 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
32. Problems / Possible Errors
Lots of errors in the DNS – commas, no A, no AAAA
record, looping MX, etc.
Firewalls and security software:
Blocking of network segments
detecting denial of service attack (DoS) by error:
• Unusual UDP traffic. Trace-path / ping, SMTP, HTTP,
Secure HTTP, NTP port testing.
Internet snapshot from one location only
Less accurate results with small input data size (small
number of domains tested)
Disputed accuracy of Geographical IP database
Page 32 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
33. Future Work – funding required
Add more domains to be tested
Add more features to be tested
Current front end Web Pages are only an
example of possible analysis
Develop new data visualisation
Perform further analysis
Perform historical/time analysis from archives
Develop an engine to write automated reports
Duplicate Crawler to other regions
Page 33 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org
34. Thank you
Contact: Dr. Olivier MJ Crépin-Leblond – ocl@gih.com
CTM
International
Page 34 IPv6 Matrix Project - http://www.ipv6matrix.org