1. Pachmarhi hills, Madhya Pradesh- Mesolithic stone painitngs

2. The Pachmarhi Hills are situated in the
geographical center of the Indian sub continent in
the State of Madhya Pradesh. The hills lie in the
Satpura Range, formed of the Gondwanaland
sandstone belonging to the Gondwanaland series
of the Talcher Group formations. The sandstone
sequence is of the upper Gondwanaland formation.
The sandstone is relatively friable and, on
weathering, forms the sandy solid found at the
foot of the hills. These hills form one of the most
beautiful parts of the Satpura Range. The shelters
are found all over the hills and the surrounding
forests, in the foothills and riverbanks. Many
shelters are covered with paintings made over
centuries by early inhabitants depicting a wide
range of subjects expressed by them in a variety
of styles and left as great heritage for us to
understand them and appreciate their unique
contribution.

4. MONTE VERDE- SOUTH AMERICA

5. Monte Verde is an archaeological site in southern Chile,
located near Puerto Montt, Southern Chile, which has
been dated to 14,800 years BP.[1] This dating adds to the
evidence showing that the human settlement of the
Americas pre-dates the Clovis culture by roughly 1000
years. This contradicts the previously accepted "Clovis
first" model which holds that settlement of the Americas
began after 13,500 BP. The Monte Verde findings were
initially dismissed by most of the scientific community, but
in recent years the evidence has become more widely
accepted in some archaeological circles, although vocal
"Clovis First" advocates remain.[3] Coastal migration is a
widely accepted model explaining the inhabitance of
Monte Verde. Archaeological evidence shows that people
arrived at Monte Verde about 1,800 years before the time
that the Bering Land Bridge between Alaska and Siberia
would have become impassable in 13,000 BP. This leaves
traveling down the western coast of the Americas as the
most plausible explanation for the earliest inhabitants of
Chile. Paleoecological evidence of the coastal landscape's
ability to sustain human life further supports this
model. However, no archaeological evidence has been
found of pre-Clovis humans using a coastal migration
route.

6. Clovis culture-north AMERICA

7. The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture,
named after distinct stone tools found at sites near Clovis,
New Mexico, in the 1920s and 1930s. The Clovis culture
appears around 11,050 RCYBP (radiocarbon years before
present[1]), at the end of the last glacial period,
characterized by the manufacture of "Clovis points" and
distinctive bone and ivory tools. Archaeologists' most
precise determinations at present suggest that this
radiocarbon age is equal to roughly 13,200 to 12,900
calendar years ago. Clovis people are considered to be
the ancestors of most of the indigenous cultures of North
and South America.

8. JOMON PERIOD-JAPAN

9. The Jōmon period is the time in Prehistoric
Japan from about 12,000 BC and in some cases cited
as early as 14,500 BC to about 300 BC, when Japan
was inhabited by a hunter-gatherer culture which
reached a considerable degree ofsedentism and cultural
complexity.

10. EUROPEAN MEGALITHIC TOMBS

11. Construction of megalithic grave
A megalith is a large stone that has been used to
construct a structure or monument, either alone or
together with other stones. The word "megalithic"
describes structures made of such large stones,
utilizing an interlocking system without the use of
mortar or cement, as well as representing periods
of prehistory characterised by such constructions. For
later periods the term monolith, with an overlapping
meaning, is more likely to be used.
The word "megalith" comes from the Ancient Greek "
(megas) meaning "great" and (lithos) meaning "stone."
Megalith also denotes an item consisting of rock(s)
hewn in definite shapes for special purposes. It has
been used to describe buildings built by people from
many parts of the world living in many different
periods. A variety of large stones are seen as
megaliths, with the most widely known megaliths not
being sepulchral. The construction of these structures
took place mainly in the Neolithic (though
earlier Mesolithic examples are known) and continued
into the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.

13. Machalilla-America

14. The Machalilla were a prehistoric people in Ecuador, in
southern Manabí and the Santa Elena Peninsula. The
dates when the culture thrived are uncertain, but are
generally agreed to encompass 1500 BCE to 1100 BCE.[1]
The Machalilla were an agricultural people who also
pursued fishing, hunting and gathering. Like many prehistoric
cultures of coastal Ecuador, the people practiced artificial
cranial deformation by using stones to flatten and lengthen
their skulls.[2]
Archaeologists focus on the unusual cemeteries of the
Machalilla, in which bodies were settled beneath a ceramic
turtle shell,[3] and on their ceramic work in general, which
represented artistic and technological advances in the
art.[4] The Machalilla are credited with adding to the ceramic
bottle the stirrup spout, in which two spouts join together into
one opening: an invention that would be prominent in
northwest South American pottery for centuries.[1]

15. OLMEC CULTURE-

16. The Olmec were the first major civilization
in Mexico. They lived in the tropical lowlands of
south-central Mexico, in the modern-day states
of Veracruz and Tabasco.
The Olmec flourished
during Mesoamerica's Formative period, dating
roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400
BCE. Pre-Olmec cultures had flourished in the area
since about 2500 BCE, but by 1600–1500 BCE,
Early Olmec culture had emerged centered on
the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán site near the coast in
southeast Veracruz.[1] They were the first
Mesoamerican civilization and laid many of the
foundations for the civilizations that
followed.[2] Among other "firsts", the Olmec appeared
to practice ritual bloodletting and played
the Mesoamerican ballgame, hallmarks of nearly all
subsequent Mesoamerican societies.
The most familiar aspect of the Olmecs is their artwork,
particularly the aptly named "colossal heads

17. Varanasi-OLDEST CONTINUOUSLY INHABITED CITIES

18. The earliest known archaeological evidence suggests
that settlement around Varanasi in the Ganga valley
(the seat of Aryan religion and philosophy) began in the
11th or 12th century BC,[18] placing it among theworld's
oldest continually inhabited cities. These archaeological
remains suggest that the Varanasi area was populated
by Vedic people.[21] However, the Atharvaveda (the
oldest known text referencing the city), which dates to
approximately the same period, suggests that the area
was populated by indigenous tribes.[21] It is possible
that archaeological evidence of these previous
inhabitants has yet to be discovered.[21] Varanasi was
also home to Parshva, the 23rd Jain Tirthankara and
the earliest Tirthankara accepted as a historical figure
in the 8th century BC.[22][23]
Varanasi grew as an important industrial centre, famous
for its muslin and silk fabrics, perfumes, ivory works, and
sculpture.
In ancient times, Varanasi was connected by a road starting
from Taxila and ending at Pataliputra during the Mauryan
Empire.

20. Sun temple at Amarna-Egypt

21. he Great Temple of the Aten (or the pr-Jtn, House of the Aten[1]) was located in the city of el-
Amarna, Egypt, and was the main temple for the worship of the god Atenduring the reign of Akhenaten (c.
1353-1336 BCE[2]).[3] Akhenaten ushered in a unique period of ancient Egyptian history by establishing the
new religious cult dedicated to the sun-disk Aten. Akhenaten shut down traditional worship of other deities
like Amun-Ra and brought in a new era, though short-lived, of seeming monotheism where the Aten was
worshipped as a sun god and Akhenaten and his wife, Nefertiti, represented the divinely royal couple that
connected the people with the god

22. The city of Akhetaten was built rather hastily and was constructed mostly of
mud-brick. Mud-bricks were made by drying in the sun and they measured
33-37 cm x 15-16 cm x 9-10 cm, although bricks for temple enclosure walls
were slightly larger, at 38 cm x 16 cm x 16 cm.[4] During construction, bricks
were laid down with a small amount of mortar between the rows and no
mortar between adjacent bricks. There was no rain to deteriorate the bricks
but they would wear down from wind-swept sand, so for protection walls
were plastered with a layer of mud that could be reapplied. As the bricks
dried, they often shrank leading to warping and structural problems, so a
technique was developed of arranging the rows of bricks so that every other
row was nearly hollow, allowing for air to circulate. While this helped walls
keep their form, it also acted to weaken the walls so particularly high
constructions meant to hold a lot of weight had to be made differently.[4] For
pylon towers and large surrounding walls like those at the Great Temple of
the Aten, timber was used for structural support and the public buildings
within the Temple had stone columns and were built of other stones for more
support. Stone columns conformed to the usual style found elsewhere in
Egypt, representing either palm-frond or papyrus.[4] To lay out structural
elements like offering tables and pits on a plaster floor, string was used. The
string was first dipped in black paint and stretched tightly and was allowed to
touch the ground, leaving a mark. In some instances the string was even
pushed into the plaster floor, leaving a shallow groove. A similar technique
was used to divide up wall surfaces before they were decorated with relief.[4]

23. The actual construction of the temple was accomplished in a series
of steps. Before anything was built, there was already some kind of
dedication ceremony at the site.[4] A ceremonial gateway with
receptacles for liquid offerings stood at the beginning of a paved
avenue. The avenue extended eastward and was lined
with sphinxes, but they were later replaced by trees (tree pits, some
still containing tree roots, have been excavated). The avenue led up
to a small mud-brick shrine which was later built into the main
design scheme of the Temple.The first main construction
undertaken by Akhenaten was the building of the temenos wall,
enclosing a huge area of 229m x 730m. As the wall was being
completed, the stone Sanctuary at the east end of the enclosure
was built. This Sanctuary seemed to function on its own for some
time until a few years later when Akhenaten added the Gem-Aten
on the west side of the enclosure. With this addition, the original
ceremonial gate had to be taken down and a raised causeway was
built over it. The Gem-Aten was originally constructed in stone, but it
seems that as time went on Akhenaten ran low on materials and the
latter part of the Gem-Aten was finished with mud-brick.[4] It is
unknown exactly how the Temple walls were decorated because the
entire area was destroyed later on, but fragments that have been
found show that there were many statues of Akhenaten and his
family placed all around the Temple.
One of the most distinctive aspects of the Temple
was that there was no cult image of the god.
Instead, the Temple was open-aired and had no
roof, so that people worshipped the actual sun
directly overhead as it traveled from east to west.

24. POVERTY POINT-AMERICA

25. Poverty Point is a prehistoric earthworks of the Poverty
Point culture, now a historic monument located in
the Southern United States. It is 15.5 miles (24.9 km) from
the current Mississippi River,[2]and situated on the edge of
Maçon Ridge, near the village of Epps in West Carroll
Parish in northeastern Louisiana.
Poverty Point comprises several earthworks
and mounds built between 1650 and 700 BCE, during
the Archaic period in the Americas by a group of Native
Americans of the Poverty Point culture. The culture
extended 100 miles (160 km) across the Mississippi Delta.
The original purposes of Poverty Point have not been
determined by archaeologists, although they have
proposed various possibilities including that it was: a
settlement, a trading center, and/or a ceremonial religious
complex.

26. SOLOMON'S TEMPLE

27. According to the Hebrew Bible, Solomon's Temple,
also known as the First Temple, was the Holy
Temple in ancient Jerusalem, on the Temple
Mount (also known as Mount Zion), before its
destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of
Jerusalem of 587 BCE. There is no direct
archaeological evidence for the existence of Solomon's
Temple, and no mention of it in the surviving
contemporary extra-biblical literature

28. KUSHAN EMPIRE

29. The Kushan Empirewas an empire in South
Asia originally formed in the early 1st century CE
under Kujula Kadphisesin the territories of
ancient Bactria around the Oxus River (Amu Darya), and
later based near Kabul, Afghanistan. The Kushans spread
from the Kabul River Valley to defeat other Central
Asian tribes that had previously conquered parts of the
northern central Iranian Plateau once ruled by
the Parthians, and reached their peak under
the Buddhist emperorKanishka (127–151), whose realm
stretched from Turfan in the Tarim Basin to Pataliputra on
the Gangetic Plain.

30. Teuchitlan tradition- COLUMBIA

31. The Teuchitlan tradition was a pre-Columbian complex
society that occupied areas of the modern-day Mexican
states of Nayarit and Jalisco. Although evidence of
Teuchitlan tradition architecture appears as early as
300 BCE, its rise is generally dated to the end of
the Formative period, 200 CE.[1] The tradition is rather
abruptly extinguished at the end of the Classic
era, ca. 900 CE

32. KOFUN PERIOD-JAPAN

33. Kofun are defined as the burial mounds built for the
people of the ruling class during the 3rd to 7th
centuries in Japan,[3] and the Kofun period takes its
name from these distinctive earthen mounds. The
mounds contained large stone burial chambers. Some
are surrounded by moats.
The Kofun period (古墳時代 Kofun jidai?) is an era in
the history of Japan from around 250 to 538. It follows
the Yayoi period. The word kofun is Japanese for the
type of burial mounds dating from this era. The Kofun
and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes
referred to collectively as the Yamato period. The Kofun
period is the oldest era of recorded history in Japan

34. MAHABODI TEMPLE

35. The Mahabodhi Temple Literally: "Great Awakening
Temple"), a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is
a Buddhisttemple in Bodh Gaya, marking the location
where Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, is said to have
attained enlightenment. Bodh Gaya (located in Gaya
district) is located about 96 km (60 mi)
from Patna, Bihar state, India.
Next to the temple, on its western side, is the holy Bodhi tree.
In the Pali Canon, the site is called Bodhimanda,[1] and the
monastery there the Bodhimanda Vihara. The tallest tower is
55 metres (180 ft) tall.
Traditional accounts say that, around 530 BC, Siddhartha
Gautama, a young prince who saw the suffering of the world
and wanted to end it, reached the forested banks of Falgu
River, near the city of Gaya, India. There he sat in meditation
under a peepul tree (Ficus religiosa or Sacred Fig),[3] which later
became known as the Bodhi tree. According to Buddhist
scriptures, after three days and three nights, Siddharta
attained enlightenment and the answers that he had sought. In
that location, Mahabodhi Temple was built by Emperor Ashoka
in around 260 BC