This document discusses climate change considerations for urban planning. It outlines an analytical framework covering the relationship between climate and planning at both the micro and macro levels. It also discusses key climate-related planning organizations and how climatic data should be interpreted in city development plans. The document examines types of climatic changes and their impacts on urban areas. It provides an example of how Surat, India incorporates climate vulnerability into its master plan, and discusses various adaptation responses and disaster management strategies.

1. INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
Climate and Planning
Professional Practice
Omkar Parishwad
2010MURP007

2. ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
 Climate and its relation to Planning
 Micro: Buildings and Climate
 Macro: Climatic data interpretation for CDP
 Climatic changes: Vulnerability and Adaptation
 Case Study: Climate vs. Master Plan (Adaptability)
of Surat

3. CLIMATE RELATED PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS
 Min. of Environment and Forests (MoEF)
 Min. of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE)
 Min. of Power (MoP)
 Min. of Urban Development (MoUD)
 Department of Science and Technology (DST)
 Central Statistical Office (CSO)
 Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC)
 Integrated Research and Action for Development (IRADe)
 Gov. funded Urban Projects: JNNURM, National Urban Sanitation Policy,
Service level Benchmarking..
 International: United Nations Development Program, Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change (IPCC), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC or
FCCC), etc.

4. CLIMATIC DATA INTERPRETATION IN CDP
 Sustainable Planning
 Inclusive Growth
 This preparation includes risk assessments, prioritization
of projects, funding and allocation of both financial and
human resources, solution development and
implementation, and rapid deployment of information
sharing and decision support tools as part of climate risk
management and disaster preparedness.
 This should be mainstreamed into development plans
like City Development Plans and Master plans.

5. TYPES AND LEVELS OF CLIMATIC CHANGES..
Change in Climate Impact on Urban areas
Temperature Increased Energy Demands (heating/cooling)
Air quality/ urban heat islands..
Precipitation Increased Risk of Flooding, Landslides, distress
migration..
Sea level Rise Coastal Flooding, agriculture & tourism affected,
salinization..
Extreme Rainfall/ More intense flooding, landslides, disruption to
Cyclones livelihoods, damage to city economies..
Drought Water shortage, high food price, disruption of hydro-
electricity, migration from rural areas..
Heat/Cold waves Increase in energy demands (heating/cooling)
Abrupt/Extreme Population movements, significant impacts from sea-
climate Changes level rise, temperature change, Biological changes..
Source: Compiled from various sources

6. SURAT MASTERPLAN: FLOOD PRONE AREAS
The city is vulnerable to extreme weather events (cyclones, flooding and drought), sea
level rise and salinity, and increased temperature.
Direct Climatic Impact:
Economic, social, and
environmental costs to city, in
part because of the physical
exposure of populations,
natural resources, and
infrastructure.
Indirect Climatic Impact:
Urban Poor, Disaster
response and recovery,
Backup systems such as
energy, water and sanitation,
food reserves, medical
supplies, weak enforcement
of policies on land use,
building codes, environmental
regulations..

7. Factors that affect investment in Hazira and adaptation strategies at various levels
Related Source: Clark MJ (1977). The relationship between coastal zone management and offshore
economic development. Maritime policy and management, 4:436, p 431-449.

8. ADAPTATION RESPONSE..
 Urban flood management – Clearing of channels; improved
solid waste and drainage management; structural controls
(e.g., dikes, flood barriers); flood adapted design and
relocation into lower risk areas (with careful consideration of
the political, social, and cultural sensitivities of relocation);
and post-disaster reconstruction planning.
 Water supply – Improved access to water for the informal
sector, policies to address cost inequities, and access to
emergency supplies; demand-side management; protection of
private and public groundwater supplies.
 Public services – Increased awareness and assistance
redundant/emergency energy and water services,
transportation, and communications.

9. DISASTER MANAGEMENT..
 Incorporate Disaster Management Plan as part of the Master
Plan.
 Build stronger database for the city to increase Preparedness.
 Frame higher safety standards for contractors and Builders.
 Flood control initiatives
 No Encroachment /Construction in risk area
 Protective hard embankment
 River trenching
 Emergency response centre
 Emergency plan – Place & training

10. VULNERABILITY VS PLANNING..
Vulnerable Vulnerability Indicators Adaptation
Sectors
Land and Low elevation Population Pressure 1. Develop flood control measures for islands.
Beach 2. Protect house reef to maintain natural
defence of islands.
Human 1. Housing designs, structures and 1. Strengthen land-use planning as a tool for
Settlements materials are not adapted to protection of human settlements.
flooding. 2. Improve building designs to increase
2. The flooring of houses does not resilience.
have adequate elevation from
the ground.
Critical 1. The infrastructure of the two 1. Installation of system of protective barriers
Infrastructure international airports is within (called tetra pods).
1.Airport 50m of the coastline 2. Diversify the tourist Impacts and
2. In the islands, 80% of the Vulnerabilities product to reduce over-
2.Power powerhouses are located dependency on marine environment.
Houses within 100m of coastline
Tourism 1. Most of the beaches are the 1. Mainstreaming adaptation in the design of
hotspots of the tourism industry. the tourism related structures like, elevating
2. The resorts catering to the the structures and use of flood resistant
tourists are at very low materials
elevation from the mean sea
level.
Water 1. The freshwater aquifer lying Promote healthy islands and healthy buildings.
resources beneath the islands is shallow,
1 to 1.5m below the surface.

11. Thank You…
“Communities around the world need better weapons — new tools, techniques, and
strategies — if they hope to tame the three-headed hydra of climate risk, poverty, and
precipitous urbanization (...) Since it may be too late to stop the global warming that’s
already occurred, we must figure out how to survive it…we must know how to adapt to
it….
- Judith Rodin, President, The Rockefeller Foundation