1) The document proposes a theory of fundamental constants (F.C.) to explain the origin and evolution of the universe without violating conservation of mass-energy. 2) It suggests the universe began as a critical mass in 0D space and 1D imaginary time, which then evolved into higher dimensions governed by the factor Ω. 3) The theory links various F.C. like the Planck length, charge, and mass of particles. It argues this explains phenomena like the curvature and acceleration of the universe without need for concepts like inflation or dark energy.

1. By
Yogesh Vishwanath Chavan (B.E. Mechanical)
omsai_333@rediffmail.com; Mo: 9764064821

2. The Beginning …
 Once Upon a time, there was nothing; no space-
time, no mass-energy.
 God asked Himself a Question –
“Nothingness, for how long time?”
“Biggest Blunder of His Life”
 Hence, Quanta of Imaginary Time, iTq (which
Coordinate is Periodic; 2π) in 0-D space was
created for Critical Mass (Mc = Constant) with no
violation of “Law of Conservation of Mass-energy”.
Quanta of i-Space-Time = Fundamental Constant

3. Universe in 0-D Space and 1-D i-
Time
 ( iq)2 = ( iHq/2π)2 = ( G0) * ( Mc)
 (Hq/2π)2 = G0 * Mc
Where, Hq= 1/Tq and G0 = Gravitational Parameter in
0-D Space = 1. Above equation converts “i-Time” into
“Real Time” and –Ve Mass into +Ve Mass.
0-D Space
- Mc; + G0 + Mc; - G0
 Ec =  Mc * c2 and Gravity Effect
Imaginary Quanta of
in Each Universe = Mc * {1+ (3P/)}
Space = iq= c*(iTq)
= 2 * Mc; (3P/) = 1

4. Evolution of Universe and 
 During Birth of Universe, there was only one
Fundamental Force i.e. “Gravity”.
 Evolution of Universe into Higher Dimension was
governed by factor “”.
 = t /c
Where, t = Total Density of Each Universe, and
c = Critical Density of Each Universe
 For (>1), k = 1 ; Collapsed Universe
 For (=1), k = 0 ; Flat Universe
 For (<1), k = -1; Expanded Universe
(k = Space Curvature Constant)

5. N  Space-Time and 
N  Space-Time t = Total Density of c = Critical Density  = (t / c )
Each Universe of Each Universe
N=1; 0-D Space Mc * {1+ (3P/)} = 2* Mc Mc 2
N=2; 1-D Space 2* Mc / (π*q) Mc / (2*q) 4/ π = 1.273
N=3; 2-D Space 2* Mc / {2*π*(q)2} Mc / {π*(q)2} 1
N=4; 3-D Space 2* Mc / {π2*(q)3} Mc / {4*π*(q)3/3} 8/(3*π)= 0.848

6. Why 3-D Space and 1-D Time ?
Quanta of i-Space-Time = F. C.
 Saved Universe from “Singularity” in 0-D to 2-D Space.
 Projected Universe into next Higher Dimension
because of instability between gravity effect of   1
and Resistance given by “Quanta of i-Space-Time”.
For e.g.
1-D Real Space
0-D Space
=2  = 1.273

7. Variable G Theory
N  Space-Time Equation Gravitational
Parameter (G)
N=1; 0-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G0 * Mc G0 = 1
N=2; 1-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G1 * Mc / q G1 = q
N=3; 2-D Space (Hq /2π)2 = G2 * Mc / (q)2 G2 = (q)2
N=4; 3-D Space H2 = 2 * G3 * Mc / ()3 G3 = 2 * π2 * G2 * 
(Expansion of Universe) = 4 * π2 * G2 * Mc / ()2 = 2 * π2 * (q)2 * 
G3 = G  ; c2/ = G*(2*Mc)/ 2
Rotation of Universe (Machian

8. iq  Q (Charge)  F. C.
 From Current Cosmological Observations –
 k=0; T0 = Current Age of the Universe = 13.9 Gyr
 0 = Current Size of the Observable Universe  c*T0
 1.32 * 1026 m --- (c = 3 * 108 m/s)
And, t  c  9.7 * 10-27 Kg/m3.
 Mc  {c * 4 *  * 03 / 3}  8.9 * 1052 Kg
 Hq = Sqrt(4 * 2 * G0 * Mc)  1.873 * 1027 s-1
Or, iq  i * c / Hq  1.602 * 10-19 im  Q (Charge)
And, G = Gravitational Parameter = 2* 2 * (q)2 * 0
 6.68 * 10-11 m3/Kg.s2  Constant
Quanta of i-Space = Charge = F. C.

9. Why God had chosen iq  Q ?
 It was not chosen, but “Q” itself is combination of
other F. Cs like h, c and k.
 Possible combination :-
Q = h/ (c * k) = 1.602 * 10-19 im
Where, h = 6.6262 * 10-34 J.s; k = 1.380 * 10-23
J/0K and c = 2.997 * 108 m/s; Unit of k  Kg
 Other Interesting Combinations :-
Me = 2 * π2 * h/ (c2 * Q) = 9.09 * 10-31 Kg
∵ Frequency of Electron , e  1/Q
MP = π * h/ (c2 * k) = 1.673 * 10-27 Kg
∵ Frequency of Proton , e  1/k

10. Initial Condition of Universe
 From Friedmann Equations :
H2 = (å/ a)2 = (8*π*G/3)* - (k * c2/a2)
ä/ a = -(4*π*G/3)**{1+(3P/e)}
 For  = 0.848, k = -1. G  a and   a-4;
 (å)2 = c2 * {(b2/a) + 1} --- {b2 = Constant}
And, ä = - {b2*c2/(2*a2)} < 0
 Integrating above first equation gives,
a * (b2+a) - b2 * ln{a + (b2+a)} = ct
for (b2 << a); a – b2 ln{2 * a} = ct  a  ct
Initial Size of Universe in 3-D Space = R= {2**Mc/k}1/3 *
q = 5.5 * 106 m with time (T) equal to (Tq). Where, Mc=

11. Advantages of F.C. Theory
 This Unique Theory defines origin of “Big Bang” with explanation of “Why 3-D
Space and 1-D Time ?” without violation of Law of “Conservation of Mass-
Energy”.
 Defines Curvature of Space during Birth of Universe i.e. (k=-1). Not possible
with any other theory.
 Finds relation between “F.Cs” and also, their relation with contents of the
Universe like, Q (Charge)  Quanta of Space; k/(23)  125 Gev  Mass
(Higg’s Boson Mass?); c  Time; h  Energy. {Q = h/ (c*k)}
 With increase in size of the Universe “a”, (∵ b2 << a). From equations, å  c; ä
 0 and a  c * t, i.e. k  0 (No need of Fine Tuning).
 Solves “Flatness”, “Horizon” and “CMB Fluctuations” problem with no need of
“Exponential Inflation”.
 For Flat (k=0) and Matter dominated Universe (a-3) with Variable G (G  a);
å = c; ä = 0. It shows that Phase change (from radiation to matter) occurred
when Universe turned from k=-1 to k=0. Further deep study at particle
physics is required.
 Empty Space (Vacuum) is not empty, but rather filled with non interacting and
expanding matter such that its Local Density  (TU)-3 ; TU = Local Universal
Time depends upon gravity effect of mass-energy in given region.
H2 = (TU)-2 = (8/3)*G* = (8/3)*{22* (q)2} *c*TU* 

12. Dark Energy Vs Baryonic matter
 Baryonic matter (High Density Stuffs) makes Size of
Universe less than Actual Size based upon (a = ct).
High
Density
Stuffs
Volume = VA Volume = VB < VA
 Voids creates “Concave Shape; k = -1”  “Dark
Energy” and B.M. makes “Convex Shape; k= +1” 
“Dark Matter” with respect to Hubble’s Line.
Hubble’s Line; V= H0*r Space-Time Curvature
k = +1
Time k = +1
Galaxy “B”
Galaxy “A” Void; k = -1
TGalaxy < THubble < TVoids < TActual

13. CDM Model ?
 Hubble’s Reference Line solves both problem of “D.M.” and
“D.E.” with no need of “Ugly Stuff” like Cosmological Constant
(P = - ; Repulsive G. Force).
 Escapes easily from “Cosmic Coincidence” problem.
 No Danger of “Big Rip” or to remain alone in Universe.
 “Acceleration of Universe” is Illusion; ä  0.
 Changed of “Curvature of Space : k” from “-1” to current value of
“0” during evolution of Universe suggests “Fate of Universe 
Collapsed State” by increased in value of “k” to “+1” with
increase in value of “G  a”. Universe should be Periodic (i-
Time).
 CDM Model can not explain “Pioneer’s Anomaly” (ä  -
c*H0). While in this theory, for (k=0; G  a) and Matter
dominated Twin Universe (P=0), ä = - {4*2*(q)2*(2*Mc)}/(2*a)=
- c2/a  - c*H0, Gives, s = - ä * (Tyear)2 = 345 Km

14. iq  Q (Charge)  Pressure
 In Fluid Dynamics, Pressure (P)  d (Depth of Fluid)
Surface of Fluid  Pressure = 0
 Quanta of i-Space  Depth of Each Universe  P
 For Fermions, P   d   Q; and
For Fermi-Bosons, P  /3   d/3   Q/3 (Quarks)
3-D Space
+ 2Q/3 +Q
(Surface of Fluid)
Time + Q + Q/3
0
-Q - Q/3
Bosons - 2Q/3 -Q
Fermions Fermi-Bosons

15. Q (Charge) and Particles
Q
Time
Proton Meson
0
Neutron
Electron
Photon 3-D Space of Each Universe
Time
Photon  Forward Direction of Time = Reversed Direction of Time; Net Time = 0
Particles with Charge (-2Q and -2Q/3) are Impossible.
This Particles should convert into Anti-Particles.
8 Gluon  Glue Ball = 4-D Quanta Particle

16. Anti-Matter Vs Matter
 Anti–Matter : Mass remains Constant, but Sign of
Charge (Q) is Reversed.
 To annihilate Anti-Matter with Matter and to Convert
into Photons 
(Forward Direction of Time) Matter = (Reversed Direction of Time) Anti-Matter
Matter in One Universe Acts like Anti-Matter in its Twin Universe
Flat Twin Universes;
Thickness of Each
Universe = iQ
Electron in Top Universe Behaves Like Positron (Anti-Matter) in its
Bottom Universe When Both Universe Merged at that Point

17. Neutron Star  Meson Star
 Neutron Star  Chandrasekhar's Limit (MN  1.4 * MSUN)
 Neutron  Quark Confinement  Color Charge  S.N.F.
 S.N.F.  Strong  Low Energy; Weak  Higher Energy
Neutron Neutron
Meson R
R R R
Ř
G B G B G B
No Gluons Between Quarks; (S.N.F. = Weak  Higher Energy in S.G.F.)
Meson
R G R G
G B R B G B
Ğ

18. Meson Star  Black Hole
 Meson Star  Net Time = 0
 Annihilation of Up, Anti-Up Quark Pairs into Photons.
converts Meson Star  Photon Star (Black Hole)
Black Hole is a “Photon Star” which Merged Twin
Universes into Single Universe up to its “Event Horizon”
 (Gravity)Mass-Energy of B.H. = (Pressure)Photons
G * MB * MB * {1+(3P/)}/ r2 = ( * c2/ 3) * 4 *  * r2
 r = Rs = (2 * G * MB/ c2)

19. Black Hole in Twin Universe
Massive Black Holes Because
Time of Feeding From Both Universe Black Hole Gravitates
Both Universe
RS
Time
3-D Space of Both Universes
Separated By Twice Quanta
of Space
3-D Space of Both Universes Merged at Event Horizon of Black Hole. Pair
Creation of Particle & Anti-Particle; both having +Ve Mass in their
Universe. Hence, Black Hole can radiate without Loss of Informations.

20. Thank You