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PowerPoint Presentation
for
Instructor’s Online Learning Center
Thermodynamics
An Engineering Approach
Fourth Edition
Yunus A. Çengel
Michael A. Boles

2. CHAPTER
1
Basic Concepts
of Thermodynamics

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FIGURE 1–5
Some application areas of thermodynamics .
1-1

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FIGURE 1–7
The definition of the force units.
1-2

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FIGURE 1–13
System, surroundings,
and boundary.
1-3

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FIGURE 1–14
Mass cannot cross the
boundaries of a closed
system, but energy can.
1-4

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FIGURE 1–17
A control volume may involve fixed,
moving, real, and imaginary boundaries.
1-5

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FIGURE 1–25
A process
between states 1
and 2 and the
process path.
1-6

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FIGURE 1–28
The P-V diagram of a
compression process.
1-7

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FIGURE 1–32
The various forms of
microscopic energies
that make up sensible
energy.
1-8

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FIGURE 1–39
Ground-level ozone,
which is the primary
component of smog,
forms when HC and NOx
react in the presence of
sunlight in hot calm
days.
1-9

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FIGURE 1–40
Sulfuric acid and nitric
acid are formed when
sulfur oxides and nitric
oxides react with water
vapor and other
chemicals high in the
atmosphere in the
presence of sunlight.
1-10

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FIGURE 1–41
The greenhouse effect on
earth.
1-11

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FIGURE 1–45
P versus T plots of the
experimental data
obtained from a constant-
volume gas thermometer
using four different gases
at different (but low)
pressures.
1-12

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FIGURE 1–47
Comparison of
temperature scales.
1-13

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FIGURE 1–51
Absolute, gage, and vacuum
pressures.
1-14

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FIGURE 1–55
The pressure is the same at all
points on a horizontal plane in a
given fluid regardless of geometry,
provided that the points are
interconnected by the same fluid.
1-15

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FIGURE 1–57
The basic manometer.
1-16

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FIGURE 1–61
Schematic for Example 1–8.
1-17

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FIGURE 1–63
The basic barometer.
1-18

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FIGURE 1–75
Some arrangements that
supply a room the same
amount of energy as a 300-W
electric resistance heater.
1-19