3. OSI REFERENCE MODEL
Created by ISO year of 1977
Framework for creating and
implementing networking standards,
devices, and internetworking schemes
To assist data transfer between disparate
hosts (different vendors)
Divided into Upper and Lower Layer
5. TRANSPORT LAYER
Segments and reassembles data into data stream to
provide end to end data transport services and
establish a logical connection between source and
destination
Well known protocol in this layer is TCP and UDP
Two types of transport layer is connection oriented
and connection less
PDU: Segment
6. CONNECTION ORIENTED
Provide reliable connection between hosts
Use 3-way handshake to establish session
There are flow control, windowing, and acknowledge
to better provide the connection
TCP is the sample of connection oriented protocol
7. NETWORK LAYER
Network layer provide device addressing, tracking of device
location in the network, determines best path to move data.
IP Address is the well-known network layer logical addressing
Two types of packets at network layer:
Data packet (IP, IPX, Novell, AppleTalk) usually called Routed
Protocol
Route update packet (RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, ISIS, BGP) usually called
Routing Protocol
PDU: Packet
8. DATA LINK LAYER
Provide physical transmission of the data and handles error
detection and flow control.
This layer will ensure messages are delivered to the proper
device on LAN using hardware address
Two pars of Data Link are:
LLC
MAC
PDU: Frame
9. PHYSICAL LAYER
Specify electrical, mechanical, procedural, and
functional requirements for activating, maintaining,
and deactivating a physical link between end systems.
PDU: Byte/Bits
10. TCP/IP DOD STACK
DoD model is the condensed version of the OSI
Model, composed of four layers:
Process/Application Layer
Host-to-Host Layer
Internet Layer
Network Access layer
Worldwide internet is built based on this DoD Stack
11. DATA ENCAPSULATION
Data to be delivered through network will be encapsulated as the data
goes down the layer:
1.
User information is converted to data for transmission on the
network
2. Data is converted into segments and a reliable connection is establish
between source and destination hosts
3. Segments are converted to packets, and logical address is placed in
the header so each packet can be routed through an internetwork
4. Packets are converted to frames for transmission on the network.
Hardware address are used to uniquely identify host on local
network segments
5. Frame are converted into bits, and digital encoding and clocking
scheme are used.
13. HUB
Device for connecting multiple devices (usually
computer) together and making them act as a single
network segment
Works at OSI Layer 1
Obsolete and not recommended to be used in large
network
Dumb Terminal and only broadcast every packet its
received
14. SWITCH
Central part of LAN Network
Intelligent device with switching capability
Stored switching information in CAM Table
Not able to break broadcast domain (except using
VLAN)
Do not forward packet to other network
Work at OSI Layer 2
15. ROUTER
Use to connect networks together and router packets
from one network to another
Break broadcast domain
Use routing protocol to build routing table to make
path selection
Works in OSI Layer 3
16. COLLISION & BROADCAST DOMAIN
Collision domain is a scenario where in only one
particular device can send a packet on a network
segment, if there are two devices send packets in the
same time there will be a collision
Broadcast domain is a domain where a broadcast
packet will be send to every devices sit in the same
domain
17. COLLISION & BROADCAST DOMAIN
Hub has 1 collision domain and 1 broadcast domain
Switch have many collision domain (depends on
number of ports) and 1 Broadcast domain
Router have many collision domain (depends on
number of ports) and many broadcast domain
(depends on number of ports)
18. INTRODUCTION TO ETHERNET
Is a contention media access method that allows all
host on a network to share the same bandwith of a
link, usually called broadcast media.
Has a collision prevention method called Carrier Sense
Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).
19. HALF AND FULL-DUPLEX ETHERNET
Ethernet can have two mode of operation:
Half-duplex
Uses only one wire pair with a digital signal running in both
directions of the wire
Hub must use half-duplex so that end user is able to detect collision
Bandwidth can not be use to the maximum, usually only 30-40% of
the link bandwidth
Full-duplex
Uses two pairs of wires instead of one pair.
No collisions will occur
Faster data transfer rate (eg. 10Mbps link will get 20Mbps rate)
20. ETHERNET CABLING
Types of ethernet cabling are:
Straight-Through Cabling
Crossover cabling
Rolled over Cabling
24. OPTICAL ETHERNET
Divided into two type:
Multimode (MMF)
Wavelength: 850nm
Distance: up to 550m
Nickname : S or SX (usually being called “short”)
Singlemode (SMF)
Wavelength: 1310-1550nm
Distance: 10km (1310nm) up to 70km (1550nm)
Code: L/LX/LH for 1310nm (usually called “long”)and Z/ZX for
1550nm (usually called “extended long”)
25. REVIEW QUESTIONS
At which layer is routing occurs in TCP/IP stack?
Which OSI layer can determine the availability of the
receiving program and check whether there are enough
resources for that communication?
What Is CSMA/CD?
Different between Half and Full Duplex?
Presentation: Present Data, Handles Processing such as encryption
TCP: Transmission Control ProtocolUDP: User Datagram Protocol
LLC: logical link control
Denganmetodeini, sebuahnodejaringan yang akanmengirimdatakenodetujuanpertama-tama akanmemastikanbahwajaringansedangtidakdipakaiuntuk transfer daridanolehnodelainnya. Jikapadatahappengecekanditemukantransmisidata lain danterjaditabrakan (collision), makanodetersebutdiharuskanmengulangpermohonan (request) pengirimanpadaselangwaktuberikutnya yang dilakukansecaraacak (random). Dengandemikianmakajaringanefektifbisadigunakansecarabergantian.