Buccal drug delivery systems provide a non-invasive route for delivering drugs through the buccal mucosa for both local and systemic effects. The buccal mucosa offers advantages over oral administration such as avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Various buccal formulations have been developed including tablets, patches, gels, and powders using bioadhesive polymers. Evaluation of these systems involves studies of swelling, drug release, permeation, and residence time. Several drugs have been delivered using buccal systems including analgesics, antihistamines, and cardiovascular drugs for both local and systemic outcomes.

1. BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY
SYSTEMS
Under the guidance of
Dr.B.Vasudha
M.pharm,Ph.D
Professor
Department of pharmaceutics
Presented by
P.Jeevan reddy
M.Pharm 1styear
Pharmaceutics
Roll no :12H61S0320

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Buccal drug delivary
• Physiology of buccal environment
• Types
• Bio adhesion
• Mechanism
• Buccal drug delivery systems
• Evaluation
• Conclusion
• References

3. INTRODUCTION
Adhesion : is the bond produced by interaction between an adhesive and a
surface.
Bioadhesion : is the state of bond formation in which either adhesive or surface is
of biological origin.
 Mucoadhesion : is the interaction of the mucin layer with a polymer .

4. Buccal Drug Delivery
 The buccal mucosa lines the inner cheek, and buccal
formulations are placed in the mouth between the upper gingivae
(gums) and cheek to treat local and systemic conditions.
 The buccal route provides one of the potential route for typically
large, hydrophilic and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides and
polysaccharides, as well as conventional small drug molecules.
 The oral cavity has been used as a site for local and systemic
drug delivery.

5. Structure Of Oral Mucosa

6. Anatomy of oral mucosa
 Structure of oral mucosa
1) Epithelium
- stratum distendum
- stratum filamentosum
- stratum suprabasale
- stratum basale
2) Basal lamina
3) Connective tissue
- lamina propria
- submucosa

7. ADVANTAGES

8. LIMITATIONS
Drugs with large dose are difficult to be administered
 Eating and drinking may be restricted
 Possibility of the patient to swallow the tablet
 This route cannot administer drugs,which are unstable at buccal pH.
 This route cannot administer drugs,which irritate,bitter or unpleasant taste
 Small surface area is available for absorption

9. Buccal drug delivery and mucoadhesivity: :
The term ‘mucoadhesive’ is commonly used for materials that bind to the mucin
layer of a biological membrane.
Mucoadhesive polymers have been utilized in many different dosage forms in
efforts to achieve systemic delivery of drugs through the different mucosae.
These dosage forms include
Tablets, patches, tapes, films, semisolids and powders

10. Mechanisms of bioadhesion
 Wetting theory
 Diffusion theory
 Electronic theory
 Adsorption theory
 Fracture theory

12. FORMULATION OF BDDS
The basic components of buccal drug delivery system
Drug substance
Bioadhesive polymers
Backing membrane
Permeation enhancers

13. Bioadhesive polymers
IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS:
 Non toxic, non irritable, free from leachable impurities.
Polymer pH should be biocompatible.
Quick adherence, and suffice mechanical strength.
 Bioadhesive in both dry and liquid state.
Acceptable shelf life.
Optimum molecular weight.
TYPES:
1 st generation polymers : PAA, NaCMC , HPMC, Carbapol , Chitosan ,
Xanthan gum, PVA etc.
2 nd generation polymers : Lectins , Multifunctional polymers, Thiolated
polymers etc.

14. Backing membrane
Backing membrane plays a major role in the attachment of bioadhesive devices to the
mucus membrane.
The materials used as backing membrane should be inert, and impermeable to the
drug and penetration enhancer.
Such impermeable membrane on buccalbioadhesive patches prevents the drug loss and
offers better patient compliance.
The commonly used materials in backing membrane include carbopol, magnesium
Stearate, HPMC, HPC, CMC, polycarbophil etc

15. Permeation enhancers
Substances that help to promote drug permeation through the buccal epithelium are
referred to as penetration enhancers, permeation promoters or absorption enhancers.
 Most of the compounds used as buccal mucosal penetration enhancers are the ones
generally used to compromise barrier function.
sodium lauryl sulfate,
sodiumlaurate
Bile salts:
Sodium glycodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, sodium
taurocholate

17. Types of buccal
formulation
1) Buccal Tablets
2) Buccal Patches and Films
3) Buccal Semisolids (ointments and gels)
4) Buccal Powders

18. Evaluation of buccal
tablets
In vitro
 Swelling rate and bioadhesion studies
Surface pH studies
 Drug release studies
 Permeation studies
Mucoadhesion strength
 Residence time
In vivo
Drug release studies
Stability studies in human saliva
Ex vivo
Mucoadhesion time
Mucoadhesion force
 Transmucosal permeation studied.

19. Possible designs of buccal drug
delivery systems

20. Drugs given as buccal tablets
• Propranalol
• Metoprolol
• Metoclopromide
• Insulin
• Nitroglycerine
• Codeine
• Morphine
• Diltiazem
• Chlorpheniramine maleate

21. Types of Buccal Dosage
forms
Matrix type :
Drug, Adhesive, Additives are mixed together. Bidirectional patches. i.e.
release drug both in Mucosa, and Mouth.
Reservoir type :
Contains a cavity for drug, and additives separate from drug adhesive. Has an
impermeable backing. For regulating direction of drug flow. Also prevents
patch deformation, disintegration in mouth. Prevents drug loss.

23. Patch designs

24. Commercially available bioadhesive
buccal delivery systems
• Buccal mucosal delivery of Proclorperazine: Buccastem
• Buccal mucosal delivery of nicotine: Nicorette

25. Reported buccoadhesive drug delivery system
Drug
Dosage
Action
polymer
Benzydamine
Patch
Local
Pectin, PAA
Benzocaine
Bioadhesive gel
Local
HPMC
Carvedilol
Buccal patch
Systemic
HPMC
Clotrimazole
liposome gel
Local
Carbopol
Captopril
Tablet
Systemic
Carbopol, chitosan
Clotrimazole
Diltiazem HCL
Disk
local
Carbopol, HPMC

26. Conclusion
The buccal mucosa offers several advantages over controlled drug delivery for
extended periods of time.
First pass metabolism in the liver and presystemic elimination in the
gastrointestinal tract are avoided.
With the right dosage form design and formulation, the permeability and the
local environment of the mucosa can be controlled and manipulated in order to
accommodate drug permeation.
Buccal drug delivery is a promising area for continued research with the aim of
systemic delivery of orally inefficient drugs as well as a feasible and attractive
alternative for non-invasive delivery of potent peptide and protein drug
molecules. However, the need for safe and effective buccal permeation absorption
enhancers is a crucial component for a prospective future in the area of buccal
drug delivery

27. References
 Edith mathiowitz. Encyclopedia of controlled drug delivery.In: mucosal
drug delivery, buccal.A wiley-interscience publication.P.555-557
 Yie W.Chien.Novel drug delivery systems.In: buccal drug delivery.2 nd
ed.CBS publishers & distributors.New Delhi.P.210-215
 S.P Vyas,Roop K.Khar.controlled drug delivery,concepts and
advances.vallabh prakashan.P.291-299
 Anay R.patel,Dhagash v. patel,sharad v. choudry.Mucoadhesive drug
delivery system,International journal of pharmacy and life
sciences.2(6).2011.848-856

28. • Kumar V, Aggarwal G,Zakir F,Choudry A.Buccal bioadhesive
drug delivery-A novel technique.International journal of
pharmacy and biological sciences.1(3).2011.89-102