1. Intel® Architecture for
MAG
Applications
(Military – Aerospace - Government)
Michael Vierheilig

2. Legal Notices and Disclaimers
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conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. The information here is subject to change without notice. Do not finalize a design with this
information.
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• Any code names featured are used internally within Intel to identify products that are in development and not yet publicly announced for release.
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and any such use of Intel's internal code names is at the sole risk of the user.
• Intel® Hyper-Threading Technology requires a computer system with a processor supporting HT Technology and an HT Technology-enabled chipset, BIOS
and operating system. Performance will vary depending on the specific hardware and software you use. For more information including details on which
processors support HT Technology, see here
• Intel® Turbo Boost Technology requires a PC with a processor with Intel® Turbo Boost Technology capability. Intel® Turbo Boost Technology performance
varies depending on hardware, software and overall system configuration. Check with your PC manufacturer on whether your system delivers Intel® Turbo
Boost Technology. For more information, see http://www.intel.com/technology/turboboost
• Performance tests are measured using specific computer systems, components, software, operations and functions. Any change to any of those factors may
cause the results to vary. You should consult other information and performance tests to assist you in fully evaluating your contemplated purchases,
including the performance of that product when combined with other products.
• Performance tests in this presentation were conducted by NA Software*, Ltd., and GE Intelligent Platforms* from 2009-2011. Please see details on the
system configuration slides 9, 10, and 43 within this presentation. For more information please see
http://www.nasoftware.co.uk/home/attachments/018_PPC_Intel_comparison_whitepaper.pdf and www.nasoftware.co.uk/home/attachments/avx_report3.pdf
• Intel does not control or audit the design or implementation of third party benchmark data or Web sites referenced in this document. Intel encourages all of
its customers to visit the referenced Web sites or others where similar performance benchmark data are reported and confirm whether the referenced
benchmark data are accurate and reflect performance of systems available for purchase. F or more information go to http://www.intel.com/performance
• Intel®, the Intel® logo, and Intel® Core™are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
Copyright © 2011 Intel Corporation.
2

3. Military/Aerospace/Government Overview
Broad Application Spectrum – One

4. Network Centric Operations
Key: Information Advantage

5. Aerospace and Defense Applications
Communication Networks Computers
Flight Training Rack mount
Systems computers
Communication and Networking Infrastructure Rugged Laptops
Routers/Switches/Base Stations
Tactical Command Center
Ultra Mobile
Software Define
rugged tables
Full Mission Radios
Simulators
Battlefield Management
Training & Simulation
Command and Control
Intelligence, Surveillance and Unmanned Vehicles
Reconnaissance
Radar/Sonar
Radar and Image
Processor
Control and
Communication
Integrated system Observation and Modules
Intelligence
Positioning, navigation, Identification
(SIGINT, COMINT)
targeting and communication
Navigation and Communication
Soldier Systems Vehicle Electronics
Common Architecture: Core to Edge

7. Industry Trends
Reduce Cost and increase Efficiency
“Let me be clear, the task before us is not to reduce the department‟s top line
budget. Rather, it is to significantly reduce its excess overhead costs and
apply the savings to force structure and modernization.”
“Fourth, there are great benefits to be gained – in cost and efficiency – from
taking advantage of economies of scale. The problem is that too many parts
of the department, especially in the information technology arena, cling to
separate infrastructure and processes.”
Dr. Robert M. Gates
Statement on Department Efficiencies Initiative Secretary of Defense
The Pentagon, Monday, August 09, 2010
Commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) Technologies

8. Industry Trends
Open Architecture, Modular Systems
“We need to encourage the use of commercial technology. We need to
emphasize open design protocols that make systems easy to modify, and we
need to adopt service-oriented architectures that will allow vendors to be
unable to monopolize systems with proprietary technology. “
“This approach to IT acquisition is already working inside the department.
The Navy is applying it to its combat systems on submarines. With the
exception of transducers and water-cooled racks, all of the hardware and 60
percent of the software is commercial. With an open architecture, new
capabilities can be inserted each time a sub returns to base. A program that
began with one submarine has now expanded to them all” William J. Lynn, III
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Remarks at the Defense Information Technology Acquisition Summit
Grand Hyatt, Washington D.C., Thursday, November 12, 2009
Interoperable, open-architected, Modular systems

9. Industry Trends
Industry Trends
• DOD focus on cost control and efficiency will result in accelerate adoption of COTs
• Network Centric Operations vision will drive demand for connected computing
• Increased focus on Information Assurance and Cyber Attacks will drive demand for Intel
Security Technologies
System Level Trends
…. Best met with Intel based Solutions

10. Meeting the
Trends/Requirements/Challeng
es

11. Intel for MAG
MAG Customer Performance
Intel Solutions
Requirements Density
Highest Performance/Size-
Industry Leader
Weight-and Power (SWAP)
7 yr Silicon
Long lifecycle support Availability + Early
Access Security
Intel Platform Technologie
Stringent security and anti-tamper s
Security
requirements
Technologies
Ruggedization and Extended
Ecosystem
Temp.
Mostly RTOS/near real-time WindRiver, Green Strong
applications Hill, LynuxWorks Ecosystem
Security Certifications Ecosystem

12. Intel® Solutions for MAG Applications
Mobile Consolidated
Power & Form Factor Power Optimized
Performance Optimized
Optimized Performance
2W-8W 10-35W 38-60W
Maximum Thermal
Design Power (TDP)
Highlights
Ultra Low • Large L2 Caches High
Power • Industry Leading Performance Per Watt Performance
• Enhanced Digital Signal and Media Processing
• Ultra Fine-Grained Power Management
... All on one common Architecture
12

13. Ultra Low power Platform – Typical Applications
Handheld
Solder Wearable System
Robotics
Digital Surveillance
Biometrics

14. Low Power Platform – Typical Applications
Missile and Fire Control
Tactical communications backbone
Unmanned Vehicles
Radar systems
Sonar systems
LADAR systems
Vehicle Electronics

15. High Performance Platform - Typical Applications
Ground Station
Radar, Sonar, LADAR
Data/Image Processing
Command Center
Information Assurance

16. ISR and Unmanned Vehicle System
Requirements
 Highest possible performance in lowest size-weight-power possible
 Image Signal Processing workload
 Most systems are highly rugged and compact
 High percentage of real-time/near real-time applications
 Minimum 7-year product availability
 Most stringent security and anti-tamper requirements
AWACS
Radar
Radar and Image Processor

17. Performance Stack
Full Performance
>100W (CPU + Chipset)
Comm Networks
Blades
50-100W
Thin Blades, Mezzanines
Training & Simulation
Command & Control
35-50W
Vehicle Electronics
Low Power Performance
Unmanned Vehicles
30-45W
Intel & Recon
Computers
Avionics
ULV / Fanless
15-25W
Low Power Value
~40W
Low Power Entry
10-20W
Entry Performance (LPIA)
UXV
8-10W
Systems
Avionics
Soldier
Ultra Low Power (LPIA)
<5W

18. Platform Technologies

19. Platform Technologies: Overview
Intel® Multi-
Intel® Core Intel® Advanced Vector
Virtualization Technology
Performance/Watt - Delivering Extension (Intel®
Technology
Run multiple virtual Power Efficient Performance
execution environments AVX)
Improves floating point &
on a single HW platform vector computation for media
and high performance
Intel® Multi- computing applications.
VT Core Intel®
AVX
Intel® Turbo
Intel®
Intel® Intel®
Boost
vProTM
Intel® Trusted TXT Technology Turbo Boost Technology
Increase performance and
Execution Technology Technology
reduce power consumption
Intel® by dynamically scaling core
Hardware acceleration for
platform security Intel® HT frequency
AMT
Intel® Active
Managemen Intel® Hyper-Threading
Technology
t Technology Delivers thread-level
Remotely manage the
platform, regardless of parallelism on each
OS, apps, disks, CPU, processor.
etc.

20. Information Assurance and
System Consolidation

21. Challenge: Information Assurance
Sensitive information needs  Multiple Access levels need unified system
to be protected from with secure information and applications
unauthorized access. contained within each access level.
“Blune Pills”, “Backdoors” Un-authorized Internal
Viruses, Worms
Hackers Rogue Administrators
Result:
- Bulky information systems with multiple devices
- Duplicated data storage.

22. Information Assurance Model
Replace multiple, purpose-built computers and
communications hardware
• Replaces purpose-built operating
systems with standard, COTS OSes and
applications developed using standard
tools
Deploy a single set of COTS platforms that
allow multiple security domains to be combined
on a single computing platform
• Operating systems, programs, data, and
communications run in separate, secure
partitions
• Users can access only those partitions
for which they have clearance
General Dynamics C4 Systems
(Public)
See GD Press Release:
http://www.gdc4s.com/news/detail.cfm?prid=298

23. Solution: Intel® Virtualization and Trusted
Execution Technology™
Intel® Virtualization Technology™ Intel® Trusted Execution
(VT) + Technology™ (TXT)
Hardware-based, with new instructions Sealed storage for encryption keys,
HW/SW configuration policies, etc. --
Multiple independent operating systems Helps to enable hardware and software
and applications share system lockdown
resources in a controlled manner
Protected launch and registration of
Applications and operating systems run operating system and system software
independently in protected, isolated
NON-
environments ROOT Protected memory   

time
 
areas  
Initiating SENTER MVMM
Apps Apps Apps Logical Processor (ILP) Instr /
Apps Apps SINIT Initialization
Apps
Apps Apps Apps Event
All
… Load SINIT MVMM
Threads
3D & MVMM ops
OS OS OS Responding Logical SENTE MVM
Processor (RLP) R M
0D Event Join
Min All threads
Light-Weight Virtual Machine Monitor Ring 0 process issues Each RLP participating
0P GETSEC [SENTER] instruction issues ACK
ROOT ILP broadcasts All ACKs received
MVMM wakes each
RLP for initialization
SENTER message ILP continues
Platform Hardware
ILP loads, authenticates SINIT measures VMM, stores
TPM 1.2 & launches SINIT, ILP stores VMM measurement, then
Memory Graphics
Processors SINIT measurement in TPM passes control to the MVMM
PCR 17
Network Storage Keyboard / Mouse PCR 18

24. Information Assurance
Multiple Levels of Security on a Single Platform
Problem: Secret Top Secret Unclassified Optional System Management
Ring 3
App App App App App
• Need for information App App App App App
assurance
Middleware Secure Middleware
• Consolidate multiple
Linux* RTOS Windows* Unmodified Linux*
security level platforms into
Ring 0
Virtual BOIS/Driver Virtual BOIS/Driver Virtual BOIS/Driver Virtual BOIS/Drivers
a single platform
Non Root Mode
Intel® Virtualization
Technology Solution: Root Mode
Light weight-Highly Trusted Separation Kernel (Virtual Machine Monitor)
• Create separate domains for
Ring 0P
all applications and OS‟s Cores 0 1 2 3
• Isolate network traffic and Physical
access domains Memory
- Top Secret
Assigned
- Secret Devices
- Unclassified
Shared
Devices

25. Information Assurance
Information Protection Windows*
High Assurance
running in Top (Multiple Security Levels)
Secret domain
Classification
indicators
Un-authorized
Internal
+ Display
Monitor
Disgruntled
Users
Windows running
in Secret domain
Data or security techniques can
not be compromised under any
conditions
Multiple security domains on a single platform
Note: security classification labels in this briefing are for example purposes and DO NOT reflect any actual classification; all information in this brief is unclassified.

26. Application Convergence

27. Application Convergence
Non-Real Time Data, Real-Time
Applications Streaming System Control,
Voice & Signal Processing
(Maps, Navigation, Video (Visual
Visibility, etc.) over IP Enhancement)
GPOS
(Windows*, RTOS
Linux*)
Thin Hypervisor
Multi-Core Intel® Architecture with
Intel® Virtualization Technology
• Converge communication applications and real-time system control and applications (e.g.
maps, navigation) on fewer hardware platforms
• Same reliability packed on less hardware

28. Digital Image/Signal
Processing

29. Why Intel® Processors for Digital Signal and
Image Processing?
Intel® SSE SIMD performance/watt
• For processors based on the Intel Core™ micro-architecture
– Includes all processors branded “Core”, “Core 2” and Xeon® since 2006
• Intel Atom™ branded processors also have good SIMD performance per watt but
(not covered here)
• Intel has strong roadmap support for SSE SIMD going forward
• 32nm 2nd Generation Intel® Core ™ processors support SSE4.2 instructions
• Continually improving performance/watt ratios generation to generation
Intel Advanced Vector Extensions™ (AVX): 256 bit SIMD registers
• Older Intel and PPC processors have 128-bit wide registers
• Available on 2nd Generation Intel® Core™ processors “(Sandy Bridge” )
SIMD=Single Instruction Multiple Data
SSE=Streaming SIMD Extensions --Intel‟s term for an Instruction Set Architecture similar to AltiVec. There have been six extensions to Intel MMX and SSE
technologies since they debuted on Intel Pentium® with MMX and Intel Pentium 2 processors.

30. 2nd Generation Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture
Highlights
Two Load/Store ports, greater instruction fetch bandwidth, and Intel® AVX
all serve to increase performance on many image processing algorithms
~2X Instruction Fetch B/W
Instruction Fetch & Decode Allocate/Rename/Retire Zeroing Idioms
New in Sandy
Bridge
Scheduler (Port names as used by VTune)
Port 0 Port 1 Port 5 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4
ALU
VI MUL ALU
ALU Load Load Store
SSE MUL VI ADD
JMP Store Address Store Address Data
DIV * SSE ADD AVX FP Shuf
AVX FP Blend, MV AVX FP ADD AVX FP Bool
AVX FP MUL, DIV Imm Blend Imm Blend
0 63 127 255
Memory Control
1-per-cycle 256-bit floating point multiply, add,
and shuffle available 48 bytes/cycle
L1 Data Cache
4-wide instruction pipeline: instructions scheduled across 6
possible execution ports * Not fully pipelined
31

31. DSIP Performance
Digital Signal and Image Processing (DSIP) Applications:
Software Defined Radio, Radar, Sonar, LADAR, Electronic Warfare,
Signal Intelligence, 2D/3D graphics processing, Wireless BTS, Tactical
communications backbone, Unmanned Vehicle
other
Industry-leading Vector Performance per Watt

32. Performance gains with 2nd Gen Intel® Core™
N.A. 2 4
Software*, Threads (cores) Threads
Ltd.
System (cores)
Algorithm
Seconds
Intel® Core™ i7-2710QE with Intel® AVX 0.059 0.027
1.0
SAR Intel® Core™ i5-430M with Intel SSE 4.2 0.135 0.121*
Intel® Core™ i7-2710QE Speed Up 2.3X 4.4X*
Intel® Core™ i7-2710QE with Intel® AVX 6.03 3.841
1.0
SARMTI Intel® Core™ i5-430M with Intel SSE 4.2 15.197 13.667*
Results shown for the 2011 Intel processor formerly codenamed „Sandy Bridge‟.
Intel® Core™ i7-2710QE Speed Up 2.5X 3.5X*
The Intel® Core™ i5-430M processor (formerly code named “Arrandale”) was released in Q1 2010; the Intel Core i7-
2710QE (formerly code named “Sandy Bridge”) was released in Q1, 2011. Sandy Bridge utilizes Intel‟s 2 nd Generation
“Core™” Microarchitecture, including Intel AVX.
Timings with graphics rendering turned off; Relative speedup with graphics on is equivalent.
* Note: Arrandale 4 thread timings utilize hyperthreading since only a 2-core version is available. SNB 4-
thread timings use all 4 cores. 4C Sandy Bridge’s maximum Thermal Design Power is roughly 12W more than
a 2-core Arrandale processor. Please see system configuration information in backup.
Intel Confidential

33. Converting Code to AVX

34. AltiVec*-based digital signal & image
processing portion of application
Wind River* VxWorks*, Linux*
VSIPL AltiVec.h PPC Assembly
1. VSIPL for IA-32 3. PPC Assembler Source to
2. AltiVec.h for IA-32
from NA Software*, RunTime Computing*, SSE Assembler
(Released)
Code Sourcery*, etc (Alpha Release March, 2011)
Convert non-DSP code; Tune DSIP code if necessary
Intel® Architecture Application
Intel® and the Intel logo are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others
35

35. How to Migrate from PowerPC* to Next Gen
Intel® Architecture
PowerPC* to Intel® Architecture Migration Guide (White Paper)
• http://download.intel.com/design/intarch/papers/321079.pdf (Public version)
• Check http://edc.intel.com for the private version (share under Intel NDA)
Tools and Support
• Translation of PowerPC AltiVec* SIMD Macros to Intel Architecture (SSE and AVX)
http://www.intel.com/p/en_US/embedded/designcenter/migration/powerpc/technical-
documents
• Intel Signal Processing Development Kit
http://www.intel.com/p/en_US/embedded/hwsw/technology/signal-processing
• IA signal processing performance libraries (VSIPL*) are available from a range of vendors,
including
Code Sourcery* http://www.codesourcery.com/vsiplplusplus/benefits.html
Curtiss Wright* Controls Embedded Computing http://www.cwcembedded.com/
GE Intelligent Platforms* AXISLib-AVX http://defense.ge-ip.com/axisdemo
N.A. Software, Ltd* http://www.nasoftware.co.uk/
RunTime Computing* http://www.runtimecomputing.com
…. test IA easily with help of migration tools

36. VSIPL* For Intel® Architecture
VSIPL performance libraries for Intel® Architecture are available from the
following, among others
Code Sourcery*
• http://www.codesourcery.com/vsiplplusplus/benefits.html
Curtiss Wright* Controls Embedded Computing
• http://www.cwcembedded.com/
GE Intelligent Platforms* AXISLib-AVX
• http://defense.ge-ip.com/axisdemo
N.A. Software, Ltd*
• http://www.nasoftware.co.uk/
RunTime Computing*
• http://www.runtimecomputing.com

37. Coupling FPGAs
Loosely Coupled FPGA
accelerators (PCIe)
Tightly Coupled FPGA accelerators
(QPI Bus)
Front Side Bus and PCIe products illustrated with a 4-socket “
Caneland” board (2009)
Intel® and the Intel logo are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and other countries
* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others
38

38. Strong Ecosystem
Standards based, ruggedized platforms including
Extended Temperature Support
IPP/MKL
TBB, Cilk, icc,
VTune
QuickAssist
ISV Performance
Libraries
MathWorks
OpenCL
Standards Platforms RTOS/OS Software
Faster Time to Deployment/Money

39. Unparalleled OS Vendor Ecosystem
®
Novell

40. More info
www.intel.com/go/military

41. …. Intel Is Setting The Pace
Next:
Leapfrog with wide
vectorization, ISA extensions: Future Extensions
scalable performance & • Hardware FMA
Performance / core
excellent power efficiency • Memory Latency/BW
• Many Other Features
Now:
Sandy Bridge
Improved upcoming Intel® Intel® Advanced Vector
microarchitectures Extensions (Intel® AVX)
• 2X FP Throughput
Westmere • 2X Load Throughput
Nehalem • 3-Operand instructions
• Intel® Streaming SIMD
AESNI
Extensions 4 (Intel® SSE4) • Cryptographic
• Memory latency, BW Acceleration
• Fast Unaligned support
Core
NEHALEM: Intel® Core™ i7 Processor, Intel® Xeon® Processor 5500 Series
WESTMERE: Intel® Xeon® Processor 5600 Series

42. Summary
• Trends: Why Intel?
• Network Centric • One Scalable Architecture
• COTS • HW based security building blocks
from enterprise to edge
• Consolidation
• SW and HW ecosystem leads to
• Standards faster time to market
• Industry-leading performance/size
weight and power … and capabilities
• Enhanced Signal Processing and
Media capabilities
• 7+ years of product supply to systems
integrators
• Industry-specific solution teams

43. Thank You!
www.intel.com/go/military