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INTRODUCTION

Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power
microwave wireless link
technology, designed to connect
phones, laptops, and other portable
equipment together with little or no
work by the user.
Guest Author - Cathy Spearmon



        Since the development of Bluetooth in 1994
        by Swedish telecommunications firm Ericsson


        There have been more than 1800 companies
        worldwide who have signed as members of the
        Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in order
        to build products to the wireless specification.
Bluetooth is the name for a short-range radio
frequency (RF) technology that operates at 2.4
GHz and is capable of transmitting voice and
data.


 Bluetooth is a wireless communication
technology that allows devices, within a 10
meter proximity, to communicate with each
other.
EXAMPLES OF BLUETOOTH
BLUETOOTH COMPONENTS
 Any Bluetooth solution consists of four
 major components are:

 antenna/RF
 Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack
 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband
 Bluetooth application
Antenna/RF

   The antenna and RF design portion is interesting
    in that it requires a unique solution for each
    device.

   Even single chip solutions require specialized
    antenna design, depending on the device.
    Antenna design requires specialized skills to
    ensure that the Bluetooth radio will operate within
    its specification.
BLUETOOTH APPLICATIONS
   The Bluetooth radio is the hardware transceiver unit .
    The purpose of the specification is to provide
    compatibility between Bluetooth devices that operate
    in the 2.4GHz ISM band.



   Data synchronisation need never again be a problem
    as your Bluetooth enabled PDA, PC or laptop all talk
    to each other and update their respective files to the
    most recent ones.
Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack

    The Bluetooth software protocol stack can be
     thought of as driver code GNU license code .
     This code allows the application software to
     send and receive information from the
     Bluetooth module.

    Major components of the protocol stack are the
     Link Manager (LM), Logical Link
     Control, Human Interface Device (HID) and
     other high level protocols.
Bluetooth Radio and Baseband

 TheBluetooth radio is the hardware
 transceiver unit that implements the Bluetooth
 radio specification. The purpose of the
 specification is to provide compatibility
 between Bluetooth devices that operate in the
 2.4 GHz ISM band, and to define the quality of
 the system.
SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES


The Bluetooth specification was developed in
1994 by Jalap Hearten and Sven Mattisson, who
were working for Ericsson .

The specifications were formalized by
the bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG). The
SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998.
BLUETOOTH V1.0 & V1.0B
Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many
problems, and manufacturers had difficulty
making their products interoperable.

Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also included
mandatory Bluetooth hardware device
address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the
Connecting process.
BLUETOOTH V1.1

 Many errors found in the 1.0B
 specifications were fixed.

 Addedsupport for non-encrypted
 channels.

 (RSSI)Received Signal Strength
 Indicator.
BLUETOOTH V1.2

 Faster   connection and discovery

 AdaptiveFrequency Hopping (AFH)
 spread spectrum which improves
 resistance to radio frequency interface.

 (HCI)Host Controller Interface support
 for three-wire (uart).
BLUETOOTH V2.0 + EDR
   The main difference is the introduction of an
    Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data
    transfer. The nominal rate of EDR is about 3
    megabits per second.

   The specification is published as "bluetooth v2.0
    + EDR" which implies that EDR is an optional
    feature.
BLUETOOTH V2.1 + EDR
   This improves the pairing experience for
    bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and
    strength of security. See the section on
    pairing below for more details.


   2.1 allows various other
    improvements, including "extended inquiry
    response" (EIR), which provides more
    information during the inquiry procedure to
    allow better filtering of devices before
    connection.
BLUETOOTH V4.0

   On June 12, 2007, nokia and bluetooth SIG had
    announced that WIBREE will be a part of the
    bluetooth specification, as an ultra-low power
    bluetooth technology.


   On December 17, 2009, the bluetooth SIG
    adopted bluetooth low energy technology as the
    hallmark feature of the version 4.0 the provisional
    names wibree and bluetooth ULP (ultra low
    power) are abandoned.
BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY
 In bluetooth v4.0. It allows two types of
  implementation.
       dual-mode and single-mode.
 In a dual-mode implementation, bluetooth low
  energy functionality is integrated into an existing
  classic bluetooth controller.


  Single-mode chips, which will enable highly
 integrated and compact devices and secure encrypted
 connections at the lowest possible cost.
Bluetooth Technology & Its
Challenges
    Technology
     Bluetooth has evolved over time. As user needs
    increased, the Bluetooth standards expanded to
    accommodate user needs.

     Standards improved frequency-hopping technology
    to help with audio quality.

     Bluetooth has continued to improve audio
    quality, data reliability and security through
    improvements to encryption system and frequency
    hopping technology.
Bluetooth Technology & Its
Challenges
    Usually Single Device

    Although some Bluetooth devices support connecting
    more than one device, most will only pair to a single
    device. In some cases, this is a security consideration.



        Range
    Many current models and older devices are limited
    to a 30-foot radius. This limits Bluetooth usability
    for close, room-based networking.
Bluetooth Technology & Its
Challenges
       Pairing Issues
     Sometimes a device will not recognize another
      device. In rare cases, two devices that are paired
      will not communicate properly. These issues are
      rare and usually be solved by consulting
      technical support.
       Battery Consumption
        Bluetooth devices use very low power.
        However, battery consumption can still be a
        problem. Rechargeable devices with built-in
        batteries   often run out of power and require
        specialized charging systems.
Bluetooth is one among many proximity technologies, like
Infrared, RFID, and contact less Smart cards. They are
concerned about
usefulness, acceptance, applications, security, usability, an
d reliability of technology. In order to overcome these
risks, Bluetooth Special Interest Group is continuously
working to add or improve profiles into this. Bluetooth
version 2 can handle many of the above issues. Bluetooth
can provide auto connections between devices, with
compromise to security. Though independently Bluetooth
most advanced and useful technologies.
REFERENCES
    We want to thank all those resources which help
     us in completing our project.
     Following websites help us:-
1)   www.google.com
2)   www.ieee.com
3)   www.bluetoothwikipedia.com
     Other resources like Newspaper, Magazines
     text books like Information technology and our
      textbook (foundation semester) .

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Bluetooth

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3. INTRODUCTION Bluetooth is a high-speed, low-power microwave wireless link technology, designed to connect phones, laptops, and other portable equipment together with little or no work by the user.
  • 4. Guest Author - Cathy Spearmon Since the development of Bluetooth in 1994 by Swedish telecommunications firm Ericsson There have been more than 1800 companies worldwide who have signed as members of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) in order to build products to the wireless specification.
  • 5. Bluetooth is the name for a short-range radio frequency (RF) technology that operates at 2.4 GHz and is capable of transmitting voice and data.  Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology that allows devices, within a 10 meter proximity, to communicate with each other.
  • 7. BLUETOOTH COMPONENTS Any Bluetooth solution consists of four major components are:  antenna/RF  Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack  Bluetooth Radio and Baseband  Bluetooth application
  • 8. Antenna/RF  The antenna and RF design portion is interesting in that it requires a unique solution for each device.  Even single chip solutions require specialized antenna design, depending on the device. Antenna design requires specialized skills to ensure that the Bluetooth radio will operate within its specification.
  • 9. BLUETOOTH APPLICATIONS  The Bluetooth radio is the hardware transceiver unit . The purpose of the specification is to provide compatibility between Bluetooth devices that operate in the 2.4GHz ISM band.  Data synchronisation need never again be a problem as your Bluetooth enabled PDA, PC or laptop all talk to each other and update their respective files to the most recent ones.
  • 10. Bluetooth Software Protocol Stack  The Bluetooth software protocol stack can be thought of as driver code GNU license code . This code allows the application software to send and receive information from the Bluetooth module.  Major components of the protocol stack are the Link Manager (LM), Logical Link Control, Human Interface Device (HID) and other high level protocols.
  • 11. Bluetooth Radio and Baseband  TheBluetooth radio is the hardware transceiver unit that implements the Bluetooth radio specification. The purpose of the specification is to provide compatibility between Bluetooth devices that operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, and to define the quality of the system.
  • 12. SPECIFICATIONS AND FEATURES The Bluetooth specification was developed in 1994 by Jalap Hearten and Sven Mattisson, who were working for Ericsson . The specifications were formalized by the bluetooth Special Interest Group(SIG). The SIG was formally announced on May 20, 1998.
  • 13. BLUETOOTH V1.0 & V1.0B Versions 1.0 and 1.0B had many problems, and manufacturers had difficulty making their products interoperable. Versions 1.0 and 1.0B also included mandatory Bluetooth hardware device address (BD_ADDR) transmission in the Connecting process.
  • 14. BLUETOOTH V1.1  Many errors found in the 1.0B specifications were fixed.  Addedsupport for non-encrypted channels.  (RSSI)Received Signal Strength Indicator.
  • 15. BLUETOOTH V1.2  Faster connection and discovery  AdaptiveFrequency Hopping (AFH) spread spectrum which improves resistance to radio frequency interface.  (HCI)Host Controller Interface support for three-wire (uart).
  • 16. BLUETOOTH V2.0 + EDR  The main difference is the introduction of an Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) for faster data transfer. The nominal rate of EDR is about 3 megabits per second.  The specification is published as "bluetooth v2.0 + EDR" which implies that EDR is an optional feature.
  • 17. BLUETOOTH V2.1 + EDR  This improves the pairing experience for bluetooth devices, while increasing the use and strength of security. See the section on pairing below for more details.  2.1 allows various other improvements, including "extended inquiry response" (EIR), which provides more information during the inquiry procedure to allow better filtering of devices before connection.
  • 18. BLUETOOTH V4.0  On June 12, 2007, nokia and bluetooth SIG had announced that WIBREE will be a part of the bluetooth specification, as an ultra-low power bluetooth technology.  On December 17, 2009, the bluetooth SIG adopted bluetooth low energy technology as the hallmark feature of the version 4.0 the provisional names wibree and bluetooth ULP (ultra low power) are abandoned.
  • 19. BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY In bluetooth v4.0. It allows two types of implementation. dual-mode and single-mode.  In a dual-mode implementation, bluetooth low energy functionality is integrated into an existing classic bluetooth controller.  Single-mode chips, which will enable highly integrated and compact devices and secure encrypted connections at the lowest possible cost.
  • 20. Bluetooth Technology & Its Challenges  Technology Bluetooth has evolved over time. As user needs increased, the Bluetooth standards expanded to accommodate user needs. Standards improved frequency-hopping technology to help with audio quality. Bluetooth has continued to improve audio quality, data reliability and security through improvements to encryption system and frequency hopping technology.
  • 21. Bluetooth Technology & Its Challenges Usually Single Device Although some Bluetooth devices support connecting more than one device, most will only pair to a single device. In some cases, this is a security consideration.  Range Many current models and older devices are limited to a 30-foot radius. This limits Bluetooth usability for close, room-based networking.
  • 22. Bluetooth Technology & Its Challenges  Pairing Issues Sometimes a device will not recognize another device. In rare cases, two devices that are paired will not communicate properly. These issues are rare and usually be solved by consulting technical support.  Battery Consumption Bluetooth devices use very low power. However, battery consumption can still be a problem. Rechargeable devices with built-in batteries often run out of power and require specialized charging systems.
  • 23. Bluetooth is one among many proximity technologies, like Infrared, RFID, and contact less Smart cards. They are concerned about usefulness, acceptance, applications, security, usability, an d reliability of technology. In order to overcome these risks, Bluetooth Special Interest Group is continuously working to add or improve profiles into this. Bluetooth version 2 can handle many of the above issues. Bluetooth can provide auto connections between devices, with compromise to security. Though independently Bluetooth most advanced and useful technologies.
  • 24. REFERENCES  We want to thank all those resources which help us in completing our project. Following websites help us:- 1) www.google.com 2) www.ieee.com 3) www.bluetoothwikipedia.com Other resources like Newspaper, Magazines text books like Information technology and our textbook (foundation semester) .