Allergies

Chapter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],CORE CONCEPTS Sixteen

Allergic Reaction An exaggerated reaction by the body’s immune system to any substance Anaphylaxis A life-threatening allergic reaction that causes shock (hypoperfusion) and airway swelling K EY TERMS

Insect Stings Foods Medications Plants Common Causes of Allergic Reactions

Skin (Continued) Signs and Symptoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Respiratory Signs and Symptoms (Continued)

[object Object],[object Object],Cardiac (Continued) Signs and Symptoms

[object Object],Generalized Findings runny nose ,[object Object],[object Object],doom (Continued) Signs and Symptoms

[object Object],[object Object],(hypoperfusion) or respiratory distress Signs and Symptoms

Patient ASSESSMENT Allergic Reactions Signs and Symptoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],history (Continued)

Patient ASSESSMENT Allergic Reactions Signs and Symptoms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],patient have? (Continued)

Patient ASSESSMENT Allergic Reactions Signs and Symptoms ,[object Object],progressed? ,[object Object],received?

Obtain SAMPLE history. Take vital signs.

Apply high- concentration oxygen. If the patient meets criteria, assist in patient’s own epi-pen® administration.

Patient CARE Allergic Reactions Emergency Care Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],auto-injector, transport immediately. (Continued)

Patient CARE Allergic Reactions Emergency Care Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],the past. (Continued)

Patient CARE Allergic Reactions Emergency Care Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],shock (hypoperfusion) (Continued) ,[object Object],OR

Patient CARE Allergic Reactions Emergency Care Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],epinephrine auto-injector. (Continued)

Patient CARE Allergic Reactions Emergency Care Steps ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],assessment.

A IRWAY MANAGEMENT IN ALLERGIC REACTIONS

Note The patient may need aggressive airway management immediately, or very soon, because of swelling in the airway or respiratory compromise.

[object Object],Indications epinephrine to patient. ,[object Object],authorizes epinephrine. Epinephrine Auto-Injector allergic reaction. ,[object Object]

NONE, when used in life-threatening situations Contraindications Epinephrine

[object Object],Medication Form Epinephrine

[object Object],Dosage ,[object Object],One auto-injector One pediatric auto-injector Epinephrine

[object Object],Administration this patient? ,[object Object],[object Object],or discolored? Epinephrine

If medical direction authorizes epi, remove safety cap. Place injector against patient’s mid-thigh, push and hold for 10 seconds.

Dispose of injector and record administration.

Epinephrine auto-injectors use needles to administer epinephrine. Injectable drugs are not commonly used at the EMT-B level. This truly life-saving drug is an exception. There are two important points to stress to a new EMT-B: After the auto-injector is placed against the patient’s thigh, it must be held in place to allow the medication to be injected. Simply pressing and immediately removing the device will be ineffective. After the device is used, it must be considered a contaminated sharp and treated accordingly: disposed of in a sharps container! P RECEPTOR P EARL

Actions ,[object Object],[object Object],Epinephrine

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Side Effects Epinephrine

[object Object],[object Object],Reassessment Strategies assessment of airway, breathing, and circulation. Epinephrine

If patient’s condition WORSENS: Reassessment Strategies ,[object Object],about another dose. ,[object Object],[object Object],CPR/AED. Epinephrine

Reassessment Strategies If patient’s condition IMPROVES: ,[object Object],[object Object],Epinephrine

1. Explain how to identify a patient experiencing an allergic reaction. 2. What are the differences between a mild allergic reaction and anaphylaxis? 3. How is an allergic reaction treated? 4. When and how should the EMT-B assist a patient with an epinephrine auto-injector? R EVIEW QUESTIONS

Allergies

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Allergies