19. Output Prozess Input Forschung & Entwicklung Beteiligung & Zusammenarbeit Open Sourcing Open Data für Apps & Evaluierung Beteiligung & Zusammenarbeit Vgl. Müller vgl. Philipp Müller
Quelle: » Offene Staatskunst « Bessere Politik durch ≫ Open Government ≪ ? http://www.collaboratory.de/open-government/abschlussbericht2
Quelle: » Offene Staatskunst « Bessere Politik durch ≫ Open Government ≪ ? http://www.collaboratory.de/open-government/abschlussbericht2 Eine mogliche Struktur einer offenen Wertschopfungskette (im Public Management) : 1. Offene Plattformen im Research und Development 2. Offenes Sourcing von Inputs 3. Expert Communities, die am Prozess beteiligt sind 4. Offene Datenschnittstellen zu Mehrwertdienstleistungen & Offene Datenschnittstellen fur effektive Evaluierung und Lernen
Haythornthwaite defined the difference between crowds and communities and described it as two ends of a spectrum: Where are the successful administration & policy making portals? one single customer has saved Dell $ 1 million in support costs in 1 year: 10,000 fixes viewed 2.5 million times Communities: Communities form and define knowledge through the continued efforts of known participants . Each community has different patterns of contribution (participation , aggregation and evaluation) in their organizational structures. Heavyweight = The members have a high commitment to the community and are willing to learn about the topic, equipment, methods, and norms of production around this domain of knowledge. Crowdsourcing Crowdsourcing is about harnessing the knowledge and talents of many (relatively) anonymous individuals through online systems , Crowdsourcing contributions range from isolated, minimal, discrete, objective and often anonymous contributions (e.g., the NASA ClickWorkers) Crowdsourcing projects are described as “lightweight”, because: the types of input are limited and the visibility of individual contributors and contributions is not very high