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20/09/2014' 
1' 
Urban'' 
Economic'' 
Development' 
! 
as!Making!! 
Unfolds!Its!Poten2al! 
' 
Peter'Troxler' 
p.troxler@hr.nl' 
University'of'Applied' 
Sciences'RoEerdam' 
Research'Centre' 
CreaGng'010' 
Making' 
Fab'Lab'(Neil'Gershenfeld,'MIT,'2001)' 
Center'for'Bits'and'Atoms' 
"How'to'make'(almost)'anything"' 
CNC'milling' 
Laser'cuXng' 
3D'prinGng' 
Microcontroller'programming' 
Electronics' 
' 
Photo'©'2012'Manon'Mostert'–'van'der'Sar,'with'permission'
20/09/2014' 
2'
20/09/2014' 
3' 
Maker'Movement' 
Makerspaces' 
MAKE'magazine' 
MAKER'faire' 
MAKER'shed' 
hEp://makermedia.com'(ex'O'Reilly)' 
' 
Techshop'Inc.' 
'Bay'Area' 
The'Maker'Movement'Manifesto:' 
Rules'for'InnovaGon'in'the'new'World'of'' 
Crabers,'Hackers'and'Tinkerers' 
Duplo'Brick'to'Brio'Track'adapter'by'Zydac'
20/09/2014' 
4' 
Who'Takes'NoGce' 
Global'Players' 
Fab'Lab:'Schlumberger,'Aramco,'Chevron' 
Techshop:'Ford,'BMW' 
MAKE:'DARPA' 
' 
Regional'Players' 
Dutch'Order'of'Inventors' 
Fab'Lab'Amersfoort' 
Fab'City'Barcelona' 
©'2012'complexitys.con,'ccdbydsa' 
Inner'City'Boston' 
©'2005'NBC'News.' ©'2005'Neil'Gershenfeld' ©'2005'O’Reilly'Media'.'
20/09/2014' 
5' 
Barcelona' 
Protospace'
20/09/2014' 
6' 
Vienna' 
2010' 
2013:'1,000'regular'users'' 
growth:'1'to'2'users'/'day' 
Zurich' 
2011' 
100'%'private'funding' 
Layered'business'model' 
Expansion'2013/14' 
©'2014'Christoph'Laib'
20/09/2014' 
7' 
RoEerdam' 
• Stadslab'RoEerdam' 
• HET'LAB,'Alexander' 
• RDM'Makerspace' 
• Made'in'4Havens' 
• ….' 
• RoEerdam'Maakstad' 
• Plalorm'Digital'Manufacturing' 
• 3D'Proebuin' 
• …' 
• Fieldlab'3D'PrinGng' 
RDM'Maker'Space' 
Access' 
highdtech'manufacturing'equipment'' 
prototyping'and'manufacturing'services' 
Spur'innovaGon'and'entrepreneurship'' 
create'a'place'where'smart,'creaGve'and' 
experienced'people'with'different'skills' 
come'together'and'eventually'form'a'large' 
community'of'makers.' 
Part'of'RDM'Campus'
20/09/2014' 
8' 
Belfast'(and'Derry)' 
European'Union'Peace' 
Programme'' 
GBP'1.35'million' 
' 
100'people'/'week' 
A'few'companies' 
Sheffield' 
Access'Space'' 
• Access'Space'Media'Lab,' 
open'since'2000' 
• Refab'Space'(2012),'' 
a'DIY'FabLab' 
Sheffield'Hardware'Hackers' 
and'Makers' 
ROCO'CreaGve'Coop' 
Sheffield'Maker'and'Hackers' 
(Sheffield'Makers'Day)' 
©'2014'Sheffield'Hardware'Hackers,'all'rights'reserved.'
20/09/2014' 
9' 
ROCO'(Sheffield)' 
Bilbao' 
Bilbao'Makers'(2012)' 
• 3D'prinGng' 
• Arduino' 
Bilbao'Mini'Maker'Faire' 
©'2013'malaberto.'
20/09/2014' 
10' 
Torino' 
2011:'150'years'Italy' 
The'Future'of'Work' 
' 
Fab'Lab'Torino' 
Officine'Arduino' 
Milan' 
Frankenstein'Garage' 
Open'Dot' 
FabLab'Ventura' 
WeMake' 
''
20/09/2014' 
11' 
Leipzig' 
London' 
2'Fab'Labs' 
'(City,'Greenwich)' 
4'Hacker/Makerspaces' 
' 
InsGtute'of'Making'(UCL)'
20/09/2014' 
12' 
Saint'EGenne' 
Open'Factory'(2013)'
20/09/2014' 
13' 
Lille' 
Fab'Lab'Lille'(2011)' 
m|e|h|u'lab'(2011)' 
Everytek'(2003)' 
©'2014'Fab'Lab'Lille.' 
Phoenix'' 
Hackerspaces' 
• DARC' 
• Inventors'Warehouse' 
• Spread'the'Weird' 
Studio' 
whois thedarc.org 
NOT FOUND 
Whois inventorswarehouse.net 
Domain Name: INVENTORSWAREHOUSE.NET 
Status: pendingDelete 
Expiration Date: 29-jun-2014
20/09/2014' 
14' 
Phoenix'' 
Hackerspaces' 
• DARC' 
• Inventors'Warehouse' 
• Spread'the'Weird' 
Studio' 
The'aim'of'the'studio'is'to'encourage'Design' 
Thinking'by'applying'STEAM'EducaGon' 
concepts'to'a'series'of'handsdon'AnimaGon' 
projects'using'Open'Source'sobware.' 
City'Strategies' 
Belfast' 
Involvement' 
Lille' 
Leipzig' 
Barcelona' 
Sheffield' 
RoEerdam' 
?' 
Turin' 
Milan' London' 
Partners'
20/09/2014' 
15' 
Urban'Development' 
Actors& 
Market&&&& Areas& 
resources& 
New'Strategies'
20/09/2014' 
16' 
Not'Relevant' 
Method& 
• LiEle'to'no'involvement' 
Consequence& 
• Random'effects' 
Big'Money' 
Method& 
• Include'in'substanGal' 
priority'of'city'development' 
• Allocate'substanGal'funds' 
(>300.000/year,'3+'years)' 
• Set'clear'targets/ 
performance'indicators' 
Consequence& 
• FabLab'will'deliver'on'target' 
(as'likely'as'any'other' 
similar'operaGon)' 
• You'get'what'you'pay'for' 
• No'surprises'
20/09/2014' 
17' 
Welcoming' 
Method& 
• CreaGng'an'environment' 
Consequences& 
• Emergence'of'Fab'Labs'and' 
other'new'models' 
Hybrid' 
Method& 
• MulGdStakeholder'approach' 
• Topddown'/'boEomdup'/' 
lateral' 
• Respond'to'a'need'rather' 
deploy'an'instrument' 
Consequences& 
• Growth'potenGal' 
• Expect'the'unexpected' 
• Longdterm'effect'
20/09/2014' 
18' 
Design'PaEerns' 
Design 
Pattern 
higherdlevel' 
paEern' 
posiGve' 
consequences' 
lowerdlevel' 
paEern' 
negaGve' 
'consequences' 
knowledge' 
pracGce' 
Fab'Labs' 
autres 
fablabs 
MODèle 
Fablab projets 
territoire 
Autres 
lieux 
Principe 
(make, share, learn) 
communautés 
en ligne 
fabrication 
numérique 
organisation 
(charte) 
lieu 
equipe 
Business 
model 
Programmation 
outils 
spécifiques 
histoire / Environnement 
socio-culturel 
communautés 
locales 
compétences 
Savoir-Faire 
matériaux 
mouvement ‘makers’ 
Ecosystème au 
service du mouvement 
open source / 
open hardware 
innovation 
Nouveaux objets / 
détournement d’objets 
Projets collaboratifs 
solutions locales et 
gloables à des grandes 
problématiques 
objets pour un marché 
d’une personne 
réparation / 
réutilisation / 
recyclage 
entrepreunariat / 
Entrepreunariat social 
industries 
innovantes 
artisanat 
formation / 
EDucation 
Outils: 
- machines à commande 
numérique 
- plateformes 
programmables 
- outillage de base 
- plateformes de 
partage en ligne 
Utilisateurs: 
- designers 
- ingénieurs 
- entrepreneurs 
- architectes 
- inventeurs 
- codeurs 
- PMEs 
- artisans 
- habitants 
- artistes 
- jeunes / enfants 
- défavorisés 
... 
impact 
global 
impact 
local 
arthur Schmitt, nod-A autres types de lieux: techshops, hackerspaces, makerspaces, repair cafés, EPNs, etc. 
NETWORK: ! 
POLY-CENTRIC; LAYERED AND LATERAL 
FUNDING: ! 
DISPARITY – 10K, 100K LABS 
LABS BUILDING LABS: ! 
RISK OF FAB LAB BUBBLE 
FUNDING: ! 
CONTROVERSY OF CORPORATE MONEY 
DEVELOPING WORLD: ! 
DIFFICULT DELIVERY MECHANISMS 
MORAL/POLITICAL: ! 
NEED FOR CRITICAL POSITION, TAKING SIDES 
PARTICIPATION: ! 
REFLECT LOCAL CULTURE, ACCOUNTABILITY, COMMITMENT 
SHARING: ! 
UNDERDEVELOPED BEYOND LOCAL/PERSONAL CONTEXT 
TECHNOLOGY: ! 
NOT NEUTRAL, SOCIETY MADE DURABLE 
THIRD PLACES: ! 
INTERACTION BETWEEN PRACTICE AND STRUCTURE 
URBAN DEVELOPMENT: ! 
LATERAL INSTITUTIONS ALONGSIDE GOVERNMENT 
EDUCATION: ! 
EPISTEMOLOGICAL PLURALISM (WHAT COUNTS AS KNOWLEDGE?)
20/09/2014' 
19' 
Lab'Centric'Approaches' 
Equity' 
Fairness' 
Diversity' 
' 
Power'and'Economic'RelaGons' 
Responsible'Use'of'Resources'and' 
Sustainability' 
' 
Third'Places'' 
Distributed'and'CollaboraGve '' 
' 
Social' PoliGcal' 
Empowerment' 
Technology' 
Living'Labs?'
20/09/2014' 
20' 
Role'of'Government' 
EU' 
naGonal' 
regional' 
local' 
' 
' Interface?' 
Core'Values' 
Openness' 
'right'to'produce'' 
open'source'in'design'&'hardware' 
' 
Ownership' 
making'city' 
responsibility' 
' 
Experiment' 
fail'quickly'' 
but'cheaply' Thank'You'

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Urban Economic Development as Making Unfolds Its Potential

  • 1. 20/09/2014' 1' Urban'' Economic'' Development' ! as!Making!! Unfolds!Its!Poten2al! ' Peter'Troxler' p.troxler@hr.nl' University'of'Applied' Sciences'RoEerdam' Research'Centre' CreaGng'010' Making' Fab'Lab'(Neil'Gershenfeld,'MIT,'2001)' Center'for'Bits'and'Atoms' "How'to'make'(almost)'anything"' CNC'milling' Laser'cuXng' 3D'prinGng' Microcontroller'programming' Electronics' ' Photo'©'2012'Manon'Mostert'–'van'der'Sar,'with'permission'
  • 3. 20/09/2014' 3' Maker'Movement' Makerspaces' MAKE'magazine' MAKER'faire' MAKER'shed' hEp://makermedia.com'(ex'O'Reilly)' ' Techshop'Inc.' 'Bay'Area' The'Maker'Movement'Manifesto:' Rules'for'InnovaGon'in'the'new'World'of'' Crabers,'Hackers'and'Tinkerers' Duplo'Brick'to'Brio'Track'adapter'by'Zydac'
  • 4. 20/09/2014' 4' Who'Takes'NoGce' Global'Players' Fab'Lab:'Schlumberger,'Aramco,'Chevron' Techshop:'Ford,'BMW' MAKE:'DARPA' ' Regional'Players' Dutch'Order'of'Inventors' Fab'Lab'Amersfoort' Fab'City'Barcelona' ©'2012'complexitys.con,'ccdbydsa' Inner'City'Boston' ©'2005'NBC'News.' ©'2005'Neil'Gershenfeld' ©'2005'O’Reilly'Media'.'
  • 6. 20/09/2014' 6' Vienna' 2010' 2013:'1,000'regular'users'' growth:'1'to'2'users'/'day' Zurich' 2011' 100'%'private'funding' Layered'business'model' Expansion'2013/14' ©'2014'Christoph'Laib'
  • 7. 20/09/2014' 7' RoEerdam' • Stadslab'RoEerdam' • HET'LAB,'Alexander' • RDM'Makerspace' • Made'in'4Havens' • ….' • RoEerdam'Maakstad' • Plalorm'Digital'Manufacturing' • 3D'Proebuin' • …' • Fieldlab'3D'PrinGng' RDM'Maker'Space' Access' highdtech'manufacturing'equipment'' prototyping'and'manufacturing'services' Spur'innovaGon'and'entrepreneurship'' create'a'place'where'smart,'creaGve'and' experienced'people'with'different'skills' come'together'and'eventually'form'a'large' community'of'makers.' Part'of'RDM'Campus'
  • 8. 20/09/2014' 8' Belfast'(and'Derry)' European'Union'Peace' Programme'' GBP'1.35'million' ' 100'people'/'week' A'few'companies' Sheffield' Access'Space'' • Access'Space'Media'Lab,' open'since'2000' • Refab'Space'(2012),'' a'DIY'FabLab' Sheffield'Hardware'Hackers' and'Makers' ROCO'CreaGve'Coop' Sheffield'Maker'and'Hackers' (Sheffield'Makers'Day)' ©'2014'Sheffield'Hardware'Hackers,'all'rights'reserved.'
  • 9. 20/09/2014' 9' ROCO'(Sheffield)' Bilbao' Bilbao'Makers'(2012)' • 3D'prinGng' • Arduino' Bilbao'Mini'Maker'Faire' ©'2013'malaberto.'
  • 10. 20/09/2014' 10' Torino' 2011:'150'years'Italy' The'Future'of'Work' ' Fab'Lab'Torino' Officine'Arduino' Milan' Frankenstein'Garage' Open'Dot' FabLab'Ventura' WeMake' ''
  • 11. 20/09/2014' 11' Leipzig' London' 2'Fab'Labs' '(City,'Greenwich)' 4'Hacker/Makerspaces' ' InsGtute'of'Making'(UCL)'
  • 12. 20/09/2014' 12' Saint'EGenne' Open'Factory'(2013)'
  • 13. 20/09/2014' 13' Lille' Fab'Lab'Lille'(2011)' m|e|h|u'lab'(2011)' Everytek'(2003)' ©'2014'Fab'Lab'Lille.' Phoenix'' Hackerspaces' • DARC' • Inventors'Warehouse' • Spread'the'Weird' Studio' whois thedarc.org NOT FOUND Whois inventorswarehouse.net Domain Name: INVENTORSWAREHOUSE.NET Status: pendingDelete Expiration Date: 29-jun-2014
  • 14. 20/09/2014' 14' Phoenix'' Hackerspaces' • DARC' • Inventors'Warehouse' • Spread'the'Weird' Studio' The'aim'of'the'studio'is'to'encourage'Design' Thinking'by'applying'STEAM'EducaGon' concepts'to'a'series'of'handsdon'AnimaGon' projects'using'Open'Source'sobware.' City'Strategies' Belfast' Involvement' Lille' Leipzig' Barcelona' Sheffield' RoEerdam' ?' Turin' Milan' London' Partners'
  • 15. 20/09/2014' 15' Urban'Development' Actors& Market&&&& Areas& resources& New'Strategies'
  • 16. 20/09/2014' 16' Not'Relevant' Method& • LiEle'to'no'involvement' Consequence& • Random'effects' Big'Money' Method& • Include'in'substanGal' priority'of'city'development' • Allocate'substanGal'funds' (>300.000/year,'3+'years)' • Set'clear'targets/ performance'indicators' Consequence& • FabLab'will'deliver'on'target' (as'likely'as'any'other' similar'operaGon)' • You'get'what'you'pay'for' • No'surprises'
  • 17. 20/09/2014' 17' Welcoming' Method& • CreaGng'an'environment' Consequences& • Emergence'of'Fab'Labs'and' other'new'models' Hybrid' Method& • MulGdStakeholder'approach' • Topddown'/'boEomdup'/' lateral' • Respond'to'a'need'rather' deploy'an'instrument' Consequences& • Growth'potenGal' • Expect'the'unexpected' • Longdterm'effect'
  • 18. 20/09/2014' 18' Design'PaEerns' Design Pattern higherdlevel' paEern' posiGve' consequences' lowerdlevel' paEern' negaGve' 'consequences' knowledge' pracGce' Fab'Labs' autres fablabs MODèle Fablab projets territoire Autres lieux Principe (make, share, learn) communautés en ligne fabrication numérique organisation (charte) lieu equipe Business model Programmation outils spécifiques histoire / Environnement socio-culturel communautés locales compétences Savoir-Faire matériaux mouvement ‘makers’ Ecosystème au service du mouvement open source / open hardware innovation Nouveaux objets / détournement d’objets Projets collaboratifs solutions locales et gloables à des grandes problématiques objets pour un marché d’une personne réparation / réutilisation / recyclage entrepreunariat / Entrepreunariat social industries innovantes artisanat formation / EDucation Outils: - machines à commande numérique - plateformes programmables - outillage de base - plateformes de partage en ligne Utilisateurs: - designers - ingénieurs - entrepreneurs - architectes - inventeurs - codeurs - PMEs - artisans - habitants - artistes - jeunes / enfants - défavorisés ... impact global impact local arthur Schmitt, nod-A autres types de lieux: techshops, hackerspaces, makerspaces, repair cafés, EPNs, etc. NETWORK: ! POLY-CENTRIC; LAYERED AND LATERAL FUNDING: ! DISPARITY – 10K, 100K LABS LABS BUILDING LABS: ! RISK OF FAB LAB BUBBLE FUNDING: ! CONTROVERSY OF CORPORATE MONEY DEVELOPING WORLD: ! DIFFICULT DELIVERY MECHANISMS MORAL/POLITICAL: ! NEED FOR CRITICAL POSITION, TAKING SIDES PARTICIPATION: ! REFLECT LOCAL CULTURE, ACCOUNTABILITY, COMMITMENT SHARING: ! UNDERDEVELOPED BEYOND LOCAL/PERSONAL CONTEXT TECHNOLOGY: ! NOT NEUTRAL, SOCIETY MADE DURABLE THIRD PLACES: ! INTERACTION BETWEEN PRACTICE AND STRUCTURE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: ! LATERAL INSTITUTIONS ALONGSIDE GOVERNMENT EDUCATION: ! EPISTEMOLOGICAL PLURALISM (WHAT COUNTS AS KNOWLEDGE?)
  • 19. 20/09/2014' 19' Lab'Centric'Approaches' Equity' Fairness' Diversity' ' Power'and'Economic'RelaGons' Responsible'Use'of'Resources'and' Sustainability' ' Third'Places'' Distributed'and'CollaboraGve '' ' Social' PoliGcal' Empowerment' Technology' Living'Labs?'
  • 20. 20/09/2014' 20' Role'of'Government' EU' naGonal' regional' local' ' ' Interface?' Core'Values' Openness' 'right'to'produce'' open'source'in'design'&'hardware' ' Ownership' making'city' responsibility' ' Experiment' fail'quickly'' but'cheaply' Thank'You'