This document discusses result clauses in English grammar. It explains that result clauses use words like "so" and "so that" to indicate the result of an action or situation. It provides examples like "He speaks very little English, so I talked to him through an interpreter." It also discusses using "so...that" or "such...that" to talk about results, and how "that" is often omitted. The document outlines different structures for talking about results, including using "too" and "enough" as well as phrases like "and as a result", "and so", and "therefore". It provides examples of how to use these structures and place words like "therefore" in sentences.

1. Result Clauses

2. Result Clauses
You use ‘so’ or ‘so that’ to say what the result
of an action or situation is.
He speaks very little English, so I talked to
him through an interpreter.
My suitcase had become damaged on the
journey home, so that the lid would not stay
closed.

3. Result Clauses
You can also use ‘so … that’ or ‘such … that’
to talk about the result of an action or
situation.
He dressed so quickly that he put his boots
on the wrong feet.
She got such a shock that she dropped the
bag.

4. Result Clauses
‘That’ is often omitted.
They were so surprised they didn’t try to stop
him.
They got such a fright they ran away again.

5. Result Clauses
You only use ‘such’ before a noun, with or
without an adjective.
They obeyed him with such willingness that
the strike went on for over a year.
Sometimes they say such stupid things that I
don’t even bother to listen.

6. Result Clauses
If the noun is a singular count noun, you put
‘a’ or ‘an’ in front of it.
I was in such a panic that I didn’t know it was
him

7. Result Clauses
Note: You only use ‘so’ before an adjective or
an adverb.
It all sounded so crazy that I laughed out
loud.
They worked so quickly that there was no
time for talking.

8. Result Clauses
When you want to say that something does
not happen because something or someone
has an excessive amount of a quality, you use
‘too’ with an adjective and a ‘to’-infinitive. For
example, if you say ‘They were too tired to
walk’, you mean that they did not walk
because they were too tired.

9. Result Clauses
He was too proud to apologize.
She was too weak to lift me.

10. Result Clauses
You also use ‘too’ with an adverb and a ‘to’-
infinitive.
They had been walking too silently to be
heard.
She spoke too quickly for me to understand.

11. Result Clauses
When you want to say that a situation
happens or is possible because someone or
something has a sufficient amount of quality,
you use ‘enough’ after adjectives and
adverbs, followed by a ‘to’-infinitive.
He was old enough to understand.
I could see well enough to know we were
losing.

12. Result Clauses
You normally put ‘enough’ in front of a noun,
not after it.
I don’t think I have got enough information to
speak confidently.

13. Result Clauses
You also use ‘and as a result’, ‘and so’, or
‘and so’, and ‘therefore’ to talk about the
result of an action or situation.
He had been ill for six months, and as a result
had lost his job.
She was having great difficulty getting her car
out, and so I had to move my car to let her
out.

14. Result Clauses
We have a growing population and therefore
we need more and more food.

15. Result Clauses
You can also put ‘therefore’ after the subject
of the clause. For example, you can say ‘We
have a growing population and we therefore
need more food’.
‘As a result’ and ‘therefore’ can also be used
at the beginning of a separate sentence.

16. Result Clauses
In a group, they are not so frightened. As a
result, patients reveal their problems more
easily.
He lacks money to invest in improving his
tools. Therefore he is poor.

17. Result Clauses
You can also put ‘therefore’ after the subject
of the separate sentence. For example, you
can say ‘He left us. He therefore loses his
share’.

18. Questions?
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