Farmers manage large areas of landscapes that are altogether designed by heterogeneous actors. Conflicts may eventually arise in complex regions like the Mediterranean where the urban and agricultural actors’ spaces for action easily overlap and concur for the use and management of soil and water. A territorial or landscape perspective is therefore required to inform the design of land management systems capable to meet the place-based development goals. A greater involvement of agronomy in the landscape arena would help to design landscape management policies that are better informed of farming systems. Our aim is to present a territorial approach that supported a prospective analysis for the design of shared land management actions using the territory game. - - - Oral communication presented at the 14th conference of the European Society for Agronomy, Edinburgh 5-9 September 2016: "Growing landscapes: cultivating innovative agricultural systems"

1. EDINBURG H
7.9.2016 • session 8
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Participatory scenario building
RIZZO
MARRACCINI
FILIPPINI
GENNAI-SCHOTT
JOHANY
LARDON
Session 8 Landscape management

2. EDINBURG H
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Landscape management
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Participatory scenario building
Davide RIZZO ¹
E MARRACCINI ²
R FILIPPINI ¹,³
S GENNAI-SCHOTT ¹
F JOHANY ³
S LARDON ³
¹ Institute of Life Sciences,
Sant’AnnaSchoolofAdvancedStudies,ITA
² UP 2012-10-103 PICAR-T,
Institut Polytechnique LaSalle, FRA
³ UMR 1273 Métafort,
INRA & AgroParisTech, FRA
2
Sustainability of the
urban agricultures in
the Mediterranean
http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/daume

3. EDINBURG H
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Participatory scenario building 3
50 researchers from
10 research teams
Comparative &
multidisciplinary
Ended in 2015
FundedbytheFrench
ResearchAgency
Which agricultural-urban dynamics
protect, threaten, improve or create
urban and periurban agricultures ?
Towards Sustainable
Urban-Agricultural
Systems
How the relations between agriculture
and city are managed? through which
integrating projects and public policies?
Sustainability of the
urban agricultures in
the Mediterranean

4. EDINBURG H
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Landscape management
RIZZO et al.
Participatory scenario building 4
a territorial
perspective*
with the
landscape
agronomy
framework**
*Lardon et al. 2012
Boiffin et al., 2014
** Benoit, Rizzo et al. 2012
Rizzo et al. 2013

5. EDINBURG H
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Participatory scenario building 5
Opportunity to deal with complex
land management issues
Increasing attention for the
territorial aspects of agriculture
and agrofood industries
→ landscape perspective
Benoit, Rizzo et al. 2012
Lardon et al. 2012
→ landscape approach
Sayer et al. 2013
Kissinger et al., 2013
Boiffin et al. 2014

6. EDINBURG H
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Participatory scenario building 6
6 municipalities in the
urban region of Pisa
200,000 inhab. (431 /km²)
Regional natural park
Reclaimed area
(dense drainage network
and pumping system)
Agriculture
476 km², 49% agriculture
Average UAA 7 ha
Dominant arable farms
Others: livestock,
vegetables
Issues
Decrease of UAA and farm
number of vegetables +
urban sprawl
Water protection
reclaimed area
Local food production
urbanized area

7. EDINBURG H
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Participatory scenario building 7
17%
49%, 23,440 ha
31%
3%
82% arable (crops & vegetables)
6% olive groves
6% mixed/complex areas
2% grasslands
+ vineyards, nurseries, fruit groves
Artificial
Agricultural
Natural
Humid areas
Source: Land use and cover
map, Region Tuscany, 2013
Tyrrhenian sea
PISA
Italy Tuscany

8. EDINBURG H
7.9.2016 • session 8
Landscape management
RIZZO et al.
Participatory scenario building 8
Imaging scenarios
of change
Sets of
possible
actions
building a shared vision of territory for collective action
1
2
3
Use and production
of spatial
representations as
intermediate
objects* between
experts and actors’
knowledge
* Buller et al. 2009
Easing the
expression of actors’
point of view, to
clarify tacit
knowledge and
issues.
Cards summarizing
the available data
and information
Diagnosis
(territorial issues)

9. EDINBURG H
7.9.2016 • session 8
Landscape management
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Participatory scenario building 9
Lardon S., Piveteau V., 2005. Méthodologie de
diagnostic pour le projet de territoire : une approche
par les modèles spatiaux. Géocarrefour, Vol 80
Spatializing the information
Articulating the scales
Eliciting transversality
Mixing knowledge
Personal expression
Providing arguments
Being creative
LardonS., 2013. Developing a territorialproject.The
'territorygame', a coordinationtoolforlocalstakeholders.
FaçSADe,Researchresults, No2013 /38, 4p.
Territorial diagnosis Participatory approach&

10. EDINBURG H
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Landscape management
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Participatory scenario building 10
key question on
a territorial issue
cards (played) &
maps (drawn)
PLAYERS
(more groups)
ORGANISERS
1
SharedDIAGNOSIS
ofcurrentissues
SCENARIOS
Co-drawn maps
exaggerating the
desired traits of
future land systems
PROPOSALS for
(feasible) actions
Reports and
notes on the
DYNAMICS
2
3
results

11. EDINBURG H
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Participatory scenario building 11
title
legend
diagnosis
scenarios
proposals
reports
Chorematic
analysis*
* Lardon Roche 2008
Occurrence
analysis
outputs

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Participatory scenario building
natural areas with
ecological functions
fruit and vegetables
livestocks & cereals
agriculture to
maintain landscape
new wind mills to be
placed by the actors
cycle and pedestrian
network
periurban areas with
social gardens &
educational farms
farmers markets
grid
contact
hierarchy
tropism
transformation
attraction
« Pisa: the new agri-eco-learning center »
Chorème: symbolic
representation of territorial
features and dynamics

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WATER: drainage channels
(element cross-cutting the actions of various actors of the agri-urban system).
FOOD: diversification
(e.g., with herbals that could valorize the prized local olive oil)
& shortening of supply chains
to improve coordination between agriculture and urban actors and
expectations
Each game session dealt with 1
of two main territorial issues:
- water management
- local food production
For each we counted the
landscape elements mentioned
by actors
LAND SYSTEM COMPONENTS mentioned by players
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION mentioned by players

14. EDINBURG H
7.9.2016 • session 8
Landscape management
RIZZO et al.
Participatory scenario building 14
35 actors involved
Including farmers, policy-
makers and advisers
7 diagnoses
27 proposals
for management actions
12 scenarios
Exaggerating desired traits

15. EDINBURG H
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RIZZO et al.
Participatory scenario building 15
Analysis and comment of the territorial dynamics by involving both
farmers and other decision (policy) makers.
Applicable in different regions and on various territorial issues.
Exploring the narrative scenarios issued from the different games
(e.g., elaborated by experts or researchers).
Using game outputs to feed models of land use change (e.g. CLUE)
or farming system change (e.g. APSIM).
Verifying and enriching territorial data with local actors
Creating an informal learning environment for local actors
Plus: using the approach as educational platform for students
(Moonen et al., 2016)
…and perspectives
1
2
3

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Davide Rizzo
ridavide@gmail.com

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Boiffin J, Benoît M, Le Bail M, Papy F, Stengel P, 2014.
Agronomie, espace, territoire : travailler « pour et
sur » le développement territorial, un enjeu pour
l’agronomie. Cahiers Agricultures, 23:72–83.
Debolini M, Valette E, François M, Chéry JP, 2015.
Mapping land use competition in the rural–urban
fringe and future perspectives on land policies: A
case study of Meknès (Morocco). Land Use Policy,
47:373–381. doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.01.035.
Kissinger G, Brasser A, Gross L, 2013. Reducing Risk:
Landscape Approaches to Sustainable Sourcing.
EcoAgriculture Partners, on behalf of the Landscapes
for People, Food and Nature Initiative, Washington
DC, USA
Lardon S, 2013. Developing a territorial project. The
'territory game', a coordination tool for local
stakeholders. FaçSADe, Research results, No 2013 /
38, 4p.
Lardon S, Piveteau V, 2005. Méthodologie de
diagnostic pour le projet de territoire : une
approche par les modèles spatiaux. Géocarrefour,
Vol 80
Lardon S, Roche S, 2008. Représentations spatiales
dans les démarches participatives. Production et
usages. Revue Internationale de Géomatique,
18(4), 423-428.
Lardon S, Moonen C, Marraccini E, Debolini M, Galli M,
Loudiyi S, 2012. The territory agronomy approach in
research education and training. In Farming System
Research in the 21st Century, pp. 257–280. Eds I.
Darnhofer, D. Gibbon and B. Dedieu. Springer.
Lardon S, Marraccini E, Filippini R, Gennai Schott S, Johany
F, Rizzo D, (under review). Prospective participative
pour la zone urbaine de Pise (Italie) : l’eau et
l’alimentation comme enjeux de développement
territorial. Cahiers de Géographie du Québec
Marraccini E, Lardon S, Loudiyi S, Giacché G, Bonari E, 2013.
Durabilité de l’agriculture dans les territoires
périurbains méditerranéens : enjeux et projets
agriurbains dans la région de Pise (Toscane, Italie).
Cahiers Agricultures, 22:517–525.
Moonen AC, Lardon S, Marraccini E, Pinto-Correia T, Rizzo
D, 2016. From Action Research to Action Learning –
Ecosystem services assessment as a learning platform
for students, local land users and researchers. In: Wilcox
A, Vinall S (eds) Social and technological transformation
in farming systems - Diverging and converging
pathways. Harper Adam University, UK, p 8
Rizzo D, Marraccini E, Lardon S, Rapey H, Debolini M, Benoit
M, Thenail C, 2013. Farming systems designing
landscapes: land management units at the interface
between agronomy and geography. Geografisk
Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 113:71–86. doi:
10.1080/00167223.2013.849391

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to involve farmers and other local
actors in a shared discussion about the
management issues of the common
space of action
to foster the multifunctionality of
agriculture through exploring the
effective integration of activities
(services) different from production
to address the land as an integrative
platform of decision-making processes
spatial approach
Boiffin J, Benoît M, Le Bail M, et al. (2014)
Agronomie, espace, territoire : travailler « pour et sur » le
développement territorial, un enjeu pour l’agronomie.
Cahiers Agricultures 23:72–83. doi: 10.1684/agr.2014.0688
local
territorial development
land use management

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5 km
19
Mixed
Forage
Ceral
Industrial crop
Olive grove
Horticultural
other agric. (2010)
urban
Usable
Agricultural Area:
17,622 ha
Farms: 2,614
Source: ISV elaboration on
ARTEA database 2012
park

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