The document discusses the structure and function of cells. It describes that cells are the basic units of life and that all living things are composed of cells. It explains that prokaryotic cells evolved first and discusses the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It also summarizes the major organelles found in eukaryotic cells like the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, and how they function.

1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 4 Structure and Function of Cells

2. Cells Are the Basic Units of Life

4. Figure 4.2A The sizes of living things and their components

6. Figure 4.2B Surface-area-to-volume relationships

8. Figure 4.3 Comparison of three microscopes

10. Figure 4.4B Prokaryotic cell structure

11. Figure 4.4A Size comparison of a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell

14. Figure 4.5A Animal cell anatomy

15. Figure 4.5B Plant cell anatomy

16. Protein Synthesis Is a Major Function of Cells

18. Figure 4.6 Anatomy of the nucleus

20. Figure 4.7 Function of ribosomes

22. Figure 4.8 Rough ER (RER) and smooth ER (SER)

24. Figure 4.9 Golgi apparatus (gray-green) and transport vesicles

26. Vesicles and Vacuoles Have Varied Functions

31. Figure 4.14 The organelles of the endomembrane system

32. A Cell Carries Out Energy Transformations

34. Figure 4.15 Chloroplast structure

36. Figure 4.16 Mitochondrion structure

38. The Cytoskeleton Maintains Cell Shape and Assists Movement

41. Figure 4.18 The three types of protein components of the cytoskeleton

43. Figure 4.19 Flagellum

44. In Multicellular Organisms, Cells Join Together

46. Figure 4.20A Plant cells are joined by plasmodesmata

47. Figure 4.20B Animal cells are joined by three different types of junctions