Chapter 31 and 33

Chapter 31 Plant Structure, Reproduction, and Development (Sections 7 and 8) 0

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[object Object],[object Object],0

TALKING ABOUT SCIENCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.1A

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.1B

PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.2 Fibrous root system MONOCOTS Seed leaves Leaf veins Stems Flowers Roots One cotyledon Main veins usually parallel Vascular bundles in complex arrangement Floral parts usually in multiples of three Two cotyledons Main veins usually branched Vascular bundles arranged in ring Floral parts usually in multiples of four or five Taproot usually present DICOTS

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[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Figure 31.3 Terminal bud Blade Petiole Axillary bud Stem Taproot Root hairs Epidermal cell Root hair Internode Node Flower Shoot system Root system Leaf

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.4A

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.4B Strawberry plant Potato plant Stolon (runner) Taproot Rhizome Tuber Ginger plant Rhizome Root

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.4C

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.5A Chloroplast Central vacuole Cell walls Primary cell wall Middle lamella Secondary cell wall Plasma membrane Cell walls of adjoining cells Plasmodesmata Pit Plasma membrane Microtubules Ribosomes Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.5B Figure 31.5C Primary cell wall (thin) Pit Starch-storing vesicles LM 270  Primary cell wall (thick) LM 270 

[object Object],Figure 31.5D Secondary cell wall Pits Fiber cells Primary cell wall Secondary cell wall Primary cell wall Pits Sclereid cells Fiber Sclereid LM 266  LM 200 

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.5E Pits Openings in end wall Vessel element Tracheids Pits Colorized SEM 150 

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.5F Sieve plate Companion cell Primary cell wall Cytoplasm

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.6 Vein Guard cells Cuticle Upper epidermis Mesophyll Lower epidermis Stoma Xylem Phloem Dicot leaf Dicot stem Sheath Vascular bundle Cortex Pith Epidermis Monocot stem Vascular bundle Epidermis Epidermis Vascular cylinder Xylem Phloem Cortex Endodermis Dicot root Key Dermal tissue system Ground tissue system Vascular tissue system

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PLANT GROWTH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.7A Terminal bud Axillary buds Root tips Arrows = direction of growth

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.7B Vascular cylinder Root hair Cortex Epidermis Zone of maturation Zone of elongation Zone of cell division Root cap Apical meristem region Cellulose fibers Key Dermal tissue system Ground tissue system Vascular tissue system

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.7C Apical meristem Leaves Axillary bud meristems 1 2 LM 103 

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.8A Year 1 Early Spring Year 1 Late Summer Year 2 Late Summer Growth Growth Growth Primary xylem Vascular cambium Primary phloem Cor tex Epidermis Secondary xylem (wood) Cork Cork cambium Secondary phloem Bark Shed epidermis Secondary xylem (2 years’ growth) Key Dermal tissue system Ground tissue system Vascular tissue system

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 31.8B Heartwood Sapwood Rings Wood rays Heartwood Vascular cambium Sapwood Secondary phloem Cork cambium Cork Bark

Chapter 33 Control Systems in Plants 0

[object Object],[object Object],CH 3 OH HO HO O OH OH O Estrogen (Estradiol) Phytoestrogen (Genistein) Chemical structures of a human estrogen and a plant phytoestrogen

[object Object],[object Object],Soybeans

PLANT HORMONES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.1A

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.1B Shaded side of shoot Illuminated side of shoot Light

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.1C Light Control Tip removed Tip covered by opaque cap Tip covered by trans- parent cap Base covered by opaque shield Tip separated by gelatin block Tip separated by mica Darwin and Darwin (1880) Boysen-Jensen (1913)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.1D Agar Shoot tip placed on agar block. Chemical (later called auxin) diffuses from shoot tip into agar. Other controls: Blocks with no chemical have no effect. Offset blocks with chemical stimulate curved growth. Control Block with chemical stimulates growth. No light

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.3A, B Roots Stems 0 0.9 g/L   10 – 8 10 – 6 10 – 4 10 – 2 1 10 2 Increasing auxin concentration (g/L) Elongation Inhibition Promotion

[object Object],[object Object],Plasma membrane Cell wall H + 1 2 H + 3 H 2 O Vacuole Cell elongation Cellulose loosens; cell can elongate Cellulose molecule Cross-linking molecule Enzyme Cellulose molecule Cell wall Cytoplasm H + pump (protein) Figure 33.3C

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.4 Terminal bud No terminal bud

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.5A

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.5B

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.6

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.7A 1 2 3

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.7B Leaf stalk Stem (twig) Abscission layer Protective layer Stem Leaf stalk LM 20 

CONNECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 33.8

Chapter 31 and 33

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