How Animals Move - Chapter 30

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],John Hutchinson (far left) of Stanford University paints spots on Tika, an Asian elephant

[object Object],[object Object],Groucho Marx

[object Object],[object Object]

MOVEMENT AND LOCOMOTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.1A

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.1B, C

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 Figure 30.1D 2 3 Longitudinal muscle relaxed (extended) Circular muscle contracted Circular muscle relaxed Longitudinal muscle contracted Head Bristles

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Airfoil Figure 30.1E

SKELETAL SUPPORT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.2A

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.2B

[object Object],Shell (exoskeleton) Mantle Figure 30.2C

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.2D

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.2E

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Skull Examples of joints 1 2 3 Clavicle Scapula Shoulder girdle Sternum Ribs Humerus Vertebra Radius Ulna Pelvic girdle Carpals Phalanges Metacarpals Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Figure 30.3A

[object Object],[object Object],Human (bipedal) Baboon (quadrupedal) Figure 30.3B

[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 Ball-and-socket joint Hinge joint Pivot joint Head of humerus Scapula Ulna Humerus Ulna Radius Figure 30.3C

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Cartilage Blood vessels Fibrous connective tissue Yellow bone marrow Central cavity Compact bone Spongy bone (contains red bone marrow) Cartilage Figure 30.4

CONNECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.5A

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.5B

CONNECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Colorized SEM 50  Colorized SEM 50  Figure 30.6

MUSCLE CONTRACTION AND MOVEMENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Biceps contracted, triceps relaxed (extended) Triceps contracted, biceps relaxed Biceps Triceps Triceps Biceps Tendon Figure 30.7

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.8 Sarcomere Z line Z line Thin filaments (actin) Thick filaments (myosin) Light band Dark band Light band Sarcomere TEM 26,000  Z line Light band Light band Dark band Myofibril Nuclei Single muscle fiber (cell) Bundle of muscle fibers Muscle

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sarcomere Dark band Z Z Contracted sarcomere Relaxed muscle Contracting muscle Fully contracted muscle Figure 30.9A

[object Object],Figure 30.9B Thick filament (myosin) ATP Thin filament (actin) Myosin head Z line ADP P ADP P ADP + P New position of Z line ATP binds to a myosin head, which is released from an actin filament. 1 Hydrolysis of ATP extends the myosin head. 2 The myosin head attaches to an actin binding site. 3 The power stroke slides the actin (thin) filament toward the center of the sarcomere. 4

[object Object],[object Object],Bone Tendon Muscle Neuromuscular junctions Muscle fibers (cells) Nuclei Motor neuron axon Nerve Motor neuron cell body Spinal cord Motor unit 1 Motor unit 2 Figure 30.10A

[object Object],[object Object],Ca 2+ released from ER Sarcomere Plasma membrane Myofibril Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Tubule Motor neuron axon Action potential Mitochondrion Figure 30.10B

CONNECTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.11

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 30.12

How Animals Move - Chapter 30

Recommandé

Recommandé

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Tendances (20)

En vedette

En vedette (20)

Similaire à How Animals Move - Chapter 30

Similaire à How Animals Move - Chapter 30 (20)

Plus de Wesley McCammon

Plus de Wesley McCammon (20)

Dernier

Dernier (20)

How Animals Move - Chapter 30