Michele Adams, Principal Engineer and founder of Meliora Design in Kimberton, PA, shares experiences with watershed management at a presentation in Pittsburgh, PA.
4. Two important observations:
Frequency: Most of
the time, it rains 1 inch
or less
Annual Percentages of Volume from Storms
Volume: 96% of
the annual rainfall
volume of 36
inches is from
storms 3 inches or
less
5. A New Paradigm for Water
Volume: Capture the Small Frequent Rainfalls
• Pennsylvania – Volume Increase for 2-Year Event (1 ½” -
2”)
• City of Philadelphia: 1” from Impervious Surfaces
• US Green Building Council (LEED) – 95% of Rainfall Events
EPA: Mimic Natural Hydrology
9. Restoration:
Washington National Cathedral
• Cathedral and Parking on
top of hill
• Surrounded by “Olmsted’s
Woods”
• Point Discharges eroding
hillside, creating ravines
• Lack of Recharge:
Diminished Soil Moisture
and Dying Trees
• Invasive Vegetation
10. Once the Volume is reduced
• Repair outfalls and ravines
with check dams
• Prevent to continued loss of
groundwater
• Make the structures look
natural
11. First Step:
Reduce the problem by
reducing the volume of
runoff
• Direct Runoff to Infiltration
Trenches in Lawn
Infiltration Trenches
16. Stormwater in Philadelphia
• Capture first 1-inch of rainfall from
impervious surfaces for new development
(current rule)
• Stormwater fees restructured in 2010 -
monthly charges for impervious and total
site areas.
• Stormwater measures can reduce
monthly fees
• “Green Streets” designs
• Planter boxes, tree trenches, rain
gardens, and bioswales
• Use vegetation and soils to manage
stormwater
17. Urban Schools:
Sadie Alexander
K-8 School
• Constructed in 2000
• Philadelphia Water
Department
• Reducing Volume to
Combined Sewers
• Urban Green Space:
• Porous Playground
• Playfield with
Stormwater Bed
Below
• Rain Gardens
• Education
18. Stormwater Infiltration Below Playfield
• Roof Leaders from Building to
Bed
• Old Urban Fill
• Infiltration to Reduce Volume
• Urban Green Space
Sadie Alexander School, Philadelphia
19. Rain Gardens
• Education
• Access
• Infiltration
• Urban Green Space
Porous Pavement Playground
(no puddles!)
20. Rain Gardens
Rainwater can
support the
landscape and soils,
reducing pipes and
basins.
21. Porous Paving with Infiltration
Same Detail Can be Used with Standard
Paving with Infiltration
45. Commercial and Parking Lot:
Urban Grocery Store in Wilmington
• City and Delaware
Horticultural
partnership
• Urban Heat Island
Cooling
• Capture 1” from
Street and Store
46. Bioswales and Rain
Gardens for Parking
Lot water
Tree Trenches
collect street water
50. At the Residential Level:
Downspout Disconnection
Disconnect downspout
from combined sanitary
sewer system
•Portland, OR
•Chicago, IL
•Boston, MA
•Minneapolis, MN
•Bremerton, WA
•Lynchburg, VA
•Pittsburgh Nine Mile Run!
•Pittsburgh: Nine Mile Run!
51. Portland, Oregon
• Elimination of 94% of
overflows to Willamette
River by 2011
• > 44,000 disconnected
downspouts (>1 BGY
stormwater)
• Residents can do work
themselves and earn
$53 per downspout
• Community groups earn
$13 per downspout
52. Where Does The Water Go?
• Lawns
• Other pervious
surfaces
• Vegetative swales
• Rain gardens
• Infiltration trenches
• Rain barrels
Boston Disconnect Program
53. New Residential: Village at Springbrook
• High Density Residential
• 59 acres
• 269 homes:
• 146 Townhouses
• 96 Quads
• 17 Singles
• Sinkholes and limestone
Can Water be Managed within the landscape?127 small measures, no detention basins.
54. • Each home manages its
own runoff in a Rain
Garden seepage bed,
located in the right-of-way.
58. A Private Retreat
Philadelphia PA
The property
Wissahickon Creek
in Fairmount Park
Schuylkill River
59. The Plan
Lawn
Patio
Compost
N
Existing
Vegetable Garden
Meadow
Table & chairs
Bird Feeders
Compost
Rain Garden Gathering Garden
N Street Trees
Proposed
61. From Lawn to Meadow
NATURAL AREA
Meadow Development in Progress
Roxborough Habitat Restoration Project
Beautiful Meadow Coming to your
Neighborhood!
After
Brown
Thrasher
Before Before
After After
62. The Rain Garden
Lawn
Patio
Compost
Existing
Infiltration area under bluestone
Final treatment
Planted swale
Proposed