1. Euro Zone Crisis
-JATIN PARMAR (JP)

2. CONTENTS
• What is Euro Zone?
• What is Euro Zone Crisis?
• Countries affected and impact on them(PIIGS).
• Effect on Greece.
• Present condition.
• Solution.
• Conclusion.

3. Euro Zone
• It is an economic and monetary union (EMU) of 16
European Union (EU) member states
• They have adopted the euro as their sole trading
currency.
• Euro became a reality on Jan 1, 1998 , but came for the
European consumers on Jan 1 2002.
• It currently consists of
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, G
reece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

4. Introduction to Euro Zone
crisis
• It is the biggest challenge Europe has faced since 1990.
• Due to global financial crisis that began in 2007-08 the
euro zone entered its first official recession in third
quarter of 2008.
• The official figures were released in 2009 Jan.
• On 11 Oct 2008, a summit was held in Paris by the Euro
group heads of state and Govt. , to define a joint action
plan for euro zone and central banks of Europe to
stabilize the economy.

5. Beginning of Crisis
• Started in – Oct 2009 in Greece
• Its immediate causes lie with the US crisis of 2007-
09.
• The result in Euro Zone was Sovereign debt crisis.
PIIGS:
Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, Spain.

6. What Happened and Why?
• Greece: Sharp Budget Deficit
• Large government and External Debts in PIIGS.
• Greece credit rating downgraded.
• Interest rates surged on government bonds.
• Need for external aid from EU and IMF
• The high debts and rising rate of interests was a
matter of concern.

7. • Reasons for rise in External Debts
• High household indebtness.
• Large current account deficit:
 Excessive growth in domestic demand.
 Increase in wage rates.
 Lower exchange rate risk.
• Weakening export competitiveness.
• Reasons for rise in Internal Debts:
• Rising Unemployment: Lower tax
returns, higher budget deficits.

8. PRESENT SITUATION

15. GREEK DEBT CRISIS
• In the first quarter of 2010, the national debt of
Greece was put at €300 billion ($413.6
billion), which is bigger than the country's
economy.
• Greece has the worst combination of high debt
level, large budget deficit and large external debt

16. GDP - $360 billion
Debt-GDP ratio – 113% of GDP
Budget Deficit – 12.9% of GDP
Current Account Deficit- 11.0% of GDP
Net Foreign Debt – 70% of GDP
Total Outstanding Public Debt- 290 billion euro

18. Countries Affected By Greek Crisis
• South-eastern Europe
• Neighboring
Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria
and Turkey

19. IMPACT
• Contagion Effect
Greek crisis has made investors nervous about
lending money to governments through buying
government bonds.
• Reduced wealth:
Take-home pay is likely to fall as it is eroded by
rising taxes.
• Impact on private individuals

21. COUNTRIES AFFECTED
Moderate Risk Lower Risk
High Risk
Bulgaria, Czech Republic,
Latvia , Hungary, Romania Estonia and Poland
Lithuania, Slovakia, Slovenia

22. Resolutions
• European governments and the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) have stunned global stock
markets with a 750bn-euro.
• France agrees to pitch in with 17 billion euro.

23. Situation of other countries
• Spain is experiencing the highest unemployment
rate of 20%.
• Italy- has already taken austerity measures. The
lower house of parliament has voted for 25 billion
Euros of cuts to reduce the country’s deficit. The
govt. aims to reduce budget deficits down from
5.3% of GDP to 2.7% by 2012.

24. Effect on India
• India’s exports to Europe could witness a slump
close to 10%.
• Export driven sectors such as textiles and software
are likely to bear the brunt.
• About 22-28 percent of revenues of India’s top
tech majors come from Europe whose revenues
will definitely be affected.
• Government’s overall target of $200 billion for the
fiscal could be at stake.

25. FUTURE PREDICTED
• Either the euro zone should go for integrating
their economic policies.
OR
• It collapses, and the Greeks and other profligate
,
countries devalue and the banks
(German, French, British and American) lose
hundreds of billions.

26. PROBLEMS
• It combines efficient and indiscipline economies.
• Too high debts.
• Political problems.

27. SOLUTIONS
Countries affected must:
Grind down Wages
Raise Productivity
Slash Spending
Raise taxes
Transparent Banking system
Endure such Austerity Drives for many years

28. CONCLUSION
• The US crisis led to Global financial crisis, which
further spread to Euro zone and caused Euro
zone crisis, as these countries were most
affected.
• Hence the Big Brothers should help the
countries in problem to come out from the crisis.

29. Thank you very much for your
attention!!!
Looking forward to receive your
questions…………