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The evolution of integration
              QCon London 2012
                     Paul Fremantle
               CTO and Co-Founder, WSO2
                    paul@wso2.com




© WSO2 2012                               @pzfreo #wso2
© WSO2 2012   @pzfreo #wso2
Batch file transfer -
              the cockroach of integration




© WSO2 2012                              @pzfreo #wso2
File transfer lives on


   Exis%ng	
  
   System	
  
                                          XML/JMS


   legacy  
   flat  file                                              Exis%ng	
  
                                                         System	
  
                           WSO2 ESB
                          Split/Iterate
                        DBLookup/Filter
                        Transform to MQ
                              Send


        
        
  WSO2 ESB                 Database  
     Poll
Record->XML
 XML->XML
    Send
 © WSO2 2012                                        @pzfreo #wso2
NEW YORK                LONDON
EAI




              Hub  


© WSO2 2012           @pzfreo #wso2
EAI hub
•  Many integration models still uses the “hub
   model” today (even with an ESB)
     –  Most vendors renamed their hub to ESB
•  Why?
     –  Well understood pattern
     –  Easy to manage
•  Why not?
     –  Too many meetings with the “EAI Hub Team”
     –  MQSI experiences
© WSO2 2012                                     @pzfreo #wso2
Hub approach with an ESB




© WSO2 2012                     @pzfreo #wso2
“Message Oriented Middleware”




              http://www.flickr.com/photos/robeast/
© WSO2 2012                                 @pzfreo #wso2
MOM model
•  Decouple message producers from
   consumers
     –  Decoupled in addressing and in time
•  Not inherently decoupled in message format
     –  Though in many cases that too
•  One-way asynchronous messages
     –  But request-reply possible using “Reply Queues”
•  Usually used with reliable delivery
© WSO2 2012                                     @pzfreo #wso2
Queued Transaction Processing

    System  
                                               Queue  
       A  



               Transac%on	
  1:	
       Transac%on	
  2:	
  
               Add  entry  to  DB1      Add  entry  to  DB2  
               Enqueue  Message         Dequeue  Message  
      DB1  


                                                                System    
                                       DB2                         B  



© WSO2 2012                                                                  @pzfreo #wso2
AMQP




© WSO2 2012          @pzfreo #wso2
Event Driven Architecture

                                 Event  
                               Consumer  


          Event  
                     Event  
        Producer  

                                 Event  
                               Consumer  




© WSO2 2012                                 @pzfreo #wso2
“Event Driven Architecture”
•  Actually how Apache (and WSO2) work(s)
     –  Mailing lists = topics
•  Can be layered with reliable delivery
•  Used a lot in high-volume logging, trading
   environments, fraud detection, etc
•  Requires a very different mindset



© WSO2 2012                              @pzfreo #wso2
EDA




© WSO2 2012         @pzfreo #wso2
Feedback loops
                                      Event  Broker  



                          Adapter  




                                                               Adapter  
          Black                                                             Black  
           Box                                                               Box  
         system                                                            system  



hEp://pzf.fremantle.org/2008/09/interesOng-­‐problem-­‐in-­‐event-­‐driven.html  



  © WSO2 2012                                                                         @pzfreo #wso2
Solution




© WSO2 2012              @pzfreo #wso2
Why did SOA evolve?
•  Directly came out of XML
     –  Understanding the schema and structure of
        messages
     –  Especially within the “fabric” not just at the
        endpoints
•  What’s different?
     –  Metadata
     –  Policies
     –  Security

© WSO2 2012                                        @pzfreo #wso2
Service




                 http://www.flickr.com/photos/yjv/
© WSO2 2012                                 @pzfreo #wso2
SOA failures



              One consumer per service




© WSO2 2012                          @pzfreo #wso2
SOA failures



     “Just buy an ESB from me”



© WSO2 2012                  @pzfreo #wso2
SOA failures



     Vendor Driven Architecture



© WSO2 2012                  @pzfreo #wso2
“soa” successes




© WSO2 2012                     @pzfreo #wso2
© WSO2 2012   @pzfreo #wso2
Why ESB/SOA model isn’t just EAI
•  Policy based
     –  XACML, Throttling Policy, etc
     –  eBay’s Internal Service Router
•  Independent management
     –  Loose coupling of configuration
     –  Hot deploy / re-deploy / continuous delivery
•  Governance
     –  Lifecycle and Dependency management
     –  Analysis and reporting on the meta-model
•  Non-blocking asynchronous routing
•  Distributed architecture

© WSO2 2012                                            @pzfreo #wso2
Running your SOA like a Web startup




© WSO2 2012                                                        @pzfreo #wso2
  http://www.zdnet.com/blog/hinchcliffe/running-your-soa-like-a-web-startup/525
API
•  An API is a business capability delivered
   over the Internet to internal or external
   consumers
     –  Network accessible function
     –  Available using standard web protocols
     –  With well-defined interfaces
     –  Designed for access by third-parties


© WSO2 2012                                      @pzfreo #wso2
What is different from an API and a
               Service?
•  Publishing your API in a Portal
•  Expecting people to use it without them
   having to meet with you
•  Making it easy to consume (JSON? Ready
   built clients in Github?)
•  Governance
     –  Caring who uses it
     –  Letting them know when you version it
     –  Meeting an SLA
© WSO2 2012                                     @pzfreo #wso2
Key API technologies
•    json / rest
•    OAuth / OAuth2 keys
•    SLA management
•    API portal / API Store
     –  Catalogue, subscription/purchase
     –  Monetization
     –  Forum, Ratings, Social
•  Analytics
© WSO2 2012                                @pzfreo #wso2
© WSO2 2012   @pzfreo #wso2
REST description




© WSO2 2012                      @pzfreo #wso2
High volume integration @ eBay




© WSO2 2012                @pzfreo #wso2
Change in focus
•    Security, tokens, access control/entitlement
•    Throttling, caching
•    Latency and CPU usage
•    Monitoring, BAM and CEP




© WSO2 2012                                 @pzfreo #wso2
© WSO2 2012   Intel  Xeon  CPU  E5520  @  2.27GHz,  4  Cores,  
                                            @pzfreo #wso2
              8192  KB  Cache.  2  CPU  system.  
API management




© WSO2 2012                    @pzfreo #wso2
Scalable analytics




© WSO2 2012                        @pzfreo #wso2
Cloud integration

                                                                           Database  




                                           Cloud  Service  Gateway  
                ESB-­‐as-­‐a-­‐Service  




                                                                              SAP  




© WSO2 2012                                                            @pzfreo #wso2
Cloud integration
•  APIs are the right approach
     –  Use a “cloud gateway” to bridge into internal
        systems
•  “Push-me pull-you” pattern
     –  Use an active ESB in the cloud
•  Analytics
     –  See what is happening


© WSO2 2012                                      @pzfreo #wso2
What’s next?
•  Still a long way from canonical models
•  Successful systems are using “soa” and
   “rest” at scale
     –  Architecture is more important than dogma
•  Governance sounds boring but is key
•  Applying monetization approaches and
   “API Store” models
•  Analytics and feedback loops
© WSO2 2012                                    @pzfreo #wso2
Summary
•  Integration has evolved in some interesting
   ways
     –  Async messaging, EDA, APIs, High Volume
•  Evolution isn’t monotonic
•  Doing APIs right is about the mindset as
   much as the technology



© WSO2 2012                                 @pzfreo #wso2
© WSO2 2012
              ?   @pzfreo #wso2

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The Evolution of Integration

  • 1. The evolution of integration QCon London 2012 Paul Fremantle CTO and Co-Founder, WSO2 paul@wso2.com © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 2. © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 3. Batch file transfer - the cockroach of integration © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 4. File transfer lives on Exis%ng   System   XML/JMS legacy   flat  file   Exis%ng   System   WSO2 ESB Split/Iterate DBLookup/Filter Transform to MQ Send     WSO2 ESB Database   Poll Record->XML XML->XML Send © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 NEW YORK LONDON
  • 5. EAI Hub   © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 6. EAI hub •  Many integration models still uses the “hub model” today (even with an ESB) –  Most vendors renamed their hub to ESB •  Why? –  Well understood pattern –  Easy to manage •  Why not? –  Too many meetings with the “EAI Hub Team” –  MQSI experiences © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 7. Hub approach with an ESB © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 8. “Message Oriented Middleware” http://www.flickr.com/photos/robeast/ © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 9. MOM model •  Decouple message producers from consumers –  Decoupled in addressing and in time •  Not inherently decoupled in message format –  Though in many cases that too •  One-way asynchronous messages –  But request-reply possible using “Reply Queues” •  Usually used with reliable delivery © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 10. Queued Transaction Processing System   Queue   A   Transac%on  1:   Transac%on  2:   Add  entry  to  DB1   Add  entry  to  DB2   Enqueue  Message   Dequeue  Message   DB1   System     DB2   B   © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 11. AMQP © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 12. Event Driven Architecture Event   Consumer   Event   Event   Producer   Event   Consumer   © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 13. “Event Driven Architecture” •  Actually how Apache (and WSO2) work(s) –  Mailing lists = topics •  Can be layered with reliable delivery •  Used a lot in high-volume logging, trading environments, fraud detection, etc •  Requires a very different mindset © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 14. EDA © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 15. Feedback loops Event  Broker   Adapter   Adapter   Black   Black   Box   Box   system   system   hEp://pzf.fremantle.org/2008/09/interesOng-­‐problem-­‐in-­‐event-­‐driven.html   © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 16. Solution © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 17. Why did SOA evolve? •  Directly came out of XML –  Understanding the schema and structure of messages –  Especially within the “fabric” not just at the endpoints •  What’s different? –  Metadata –  Policies –  Security © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 18. Service http://www.flickr.com/photos/yjv/ © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 19. SOA failures One consumer per service © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 20. SOA failures “Just buy an ESB from me” © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 21. SOA failures Vendor Driven Architecture © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 22. “soa” successes © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 23. © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 24. Why ESB/SOA model isn’t just EAI •  Policy based –  XACML, Throttling Policy, etc –  eBay’s Internal Service Router •  Independent management –  Loose coupling of configuration –  Hot deploy / re-deploy / continuous delivery •  Governance –  Lifecycle and Dependency management –  Analysis and reporting on the meta-model •  Non-blocking asynchronous routing •  Distributed architecture © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 25. Running your SOA like a Web startup © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2 http://www.zdnet.com/blog/hinchcliffe/running-your-soa-like-a-web-startup/525
  • 26. API •  An API is a business capability delivered over the Internet to internal or external consumers –  Network accessible function –  Available using standard web protocols –  With well-defined interfaces –  Designed for access by third-parties © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 27. What is different from an API and a Service? •  Publishing your API in a Portal •  Expecting people to use it without them having to meet with you •  Making it easy to consume (JSON? Ready built clients in Github?) •  Governance –  Caring who uses it –  Letting them know when you version it –  Meeting an SLA © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 28. Key API technologies •  json / rest •  OAuth / OAuth2 keys •  SLA management •  API portal / API Store –  Catalogue, subscription/purchase –  Monetization –  Forum, Ratings, Social •  Analytics © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 29. © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 30. REST description © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 31. High volume integration @ eBay © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 32. Change in focus •  Security, tokens, access control/entitlement •  Throttling, caching •  Latency and CPU usage •  Monitoring, BAM and CEP © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 33. © WSO2 2012 Intel  Xeon  CPU  E5520  @  2.27GHz,  4  Cores,   @pzfreo #wso2 8192  KB  Cache.  2  CPU  system.  
  • 34. API management © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 35. Scalable analytics © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 36. Cloud integration Database   Cloud  Service  Gateway   ESB-­‐as-­‐a-­‐Service   SAP   © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 37. Cloud integration •  APIs are the right approach –  Use a “cloud gateway” to bridge into internal systems •  “Push-me pull-you” pattern –  Use an active ESB in the cloud •  Analytics –  See what is happening © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 38. What’s next? •  Still a long way from canonical models •  Successful systems are using “soa” and “rest” at scale –  Architecture is more important than dogma •  Governance sounds boring but is key •  Applying monetization approaches and “API Store” models •  Analytics and feedback loops © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 39. Summary •  Integration has evolved in some interesting ways –  Async messaging, EDA, APIs, High Volume •  Evolution isn’t monotonic •  Doing APIs right is about the mindset as much as the technology © WSO2 2012 @pzfreo #wso2
  • 40. © WSO2 2012 ? @pzfreo #wso2