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Social Tagging IN Library
OPACS
Philip Whitford
Introduction & Outline
• Social Tagging
 • Basic Terms
 • Current Conversation
 • Functionality
 • How’s It Being Used
 • Search Language?
Social Tagging
Basic Terms
Web 2.0
Websites that rely heavily on
users contributing content.
Library 2.0
Library websites that rely heavily
on users contributing content.
Social Tags
User generated words and
phrases to describe online
content.
Folksonomies
The clustering of social tags
from the point of view of a
collection or community.
Social Annotations
Any form of content that is
added to an online document
(can include social tags).
The Current
Conversation
Current Conversation
Kwan, Yi, and Chan Lois Mai. 2009. "Linking folksonomy to
      Library of Congress subject headings: an exploratory
      study." Journal Of Documentation 65, no. 6:
872-900.

Compared social tags in Delicious to LCSH

“60.9 percent of the tags fall in the category of complete-
word match with at least one subject heading in the subject
authority file.”
Yi and Mai (cont.)
Current Conversation
Thomas, Marliese, Dana M. Caudle, and Cecilia Schmitz.
      "Trashy tags: problematic tags in LibraryThing."
      New Library World 111, no. 5/6 (July 2010):
223-235.

“In particular, lexical anomalies (e.g. grammatical
variations) and lack of synonym, homonym, and
homograph control could result in a high probability of
noise and recall in users’ search results at the expense of
retrieval precision, making it difficult to pull together
similar or related resources.” (emphasis mine)
Thomas et al (cont.)
Thomas et al (cont.)
How It is
Being Used
Social Tagging
How to Add a Tag to the OPAC
How to Add a Tag to the OPAC
Using Tags
Think Unlimited
    Go beyond the individual item

Connect to the collection in a new way
   Adding NL to the OPAC

Objective v. Subjective (The Best…)
Genre Tags
Age Level/Grade Level
Subgenre (Cozy Mystery)
Crossgenre (Paranormal Romance)
Fringegenre (Environmental Fiction)
Using Tags
Use single words unless necessary
   Could this be problematic?
Another Game! Name
This Book
Using LCSHs identify the book
What Book Am I?
• New York (N.Y.) — Fiction
What Book Am I?
• New York (N.Y.) — Fiction


• Runaway Teenagers — Fiction
What Book Am I?
• New York (N.Y.) — Fiction


• Runaway Teenagers — Fiction


• Caulfield, Holden (Fictitious Character) — Fictio
What Book Am I?
• New York (N.Y.) — Fiction


• Runaway Teenagers — Fiction


• Caulfield, Holden (Fictitious Character) — Fictio


• Runaway Teenagers — New York (State) — N
What Movie Am I?
• Feature Films
What Movie Am I?
• Feature Films


• World War, 1939-1945 — Refugees — Drama
What Movie Am I?
• Feature Films


• World War, 1939-1945 — Refugees — Drama


• Morocco — History — 20th Century — Drama
What Movie Am I?
• Feature Films


• World War, 1939-1945 — Refugees — Drama


• Morocco — History — 20th Century — Drama


• World War, 1939-1945 — Underground Movements —
Another Game! Name
This Book
Using Tags identify the book
What Book Am I?
• epic                  • top 100
• fantasy               • uear 9
• literature - europe   • year 10
• middle earth          • year 9
• premiers reading challenge 2009
What Book Am I?
• 1001-list
• 2011
• boston latin school
• class iv
• read 2 of required
How Social Tagging is
Being Used
Examples:
Seattle Public Library
Books That Were Evaluated
•   A Death in the Family             •   White Fang
•   My Antonia                        •   Moby Dick
•   The Last of the Mohicans          •   Tropic of Cancer
•   The Red Badge of Courage          •   The Moviegoer
•   An American Tragedy               •   Great Short Works of Edgar Allan Poe
•   Invisible Man                     •   The Catcher in the Rye
•   Light in August                   •   The Grapes of Wrath
•   The Great Gatsby                  •   Uncle Tom's Cabin
•   So Big                            •   The Magnificent Ambersons
•   The Sun Also Rises                •   The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
•   Their Eyes Were Watching God      •   Slaughterhouse-five
•   On the Road                       •   The Optimist's Daughter
•   One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest   •   Miss Lonelyhearts
•   To Kill A Mockingbird             •   The Age of Innocence
•   Babbitt                           •   Native Son
Social tagging 663
Social tagging 663
Social tagging 663
The Data:
        LCSH                    Tags
147 Subject Headings   191 Tags
4.9 SH/Book            6.4 Tags/Book
Highest # - 11 SH      Highest # - 59
93.3% Have SH          73.3 Have Tags
2 Books with 0 SH      8 Books with 0 SH
The Data: The Age of Innocents
             LCSH
•   Love Stories
                                                    Tags
•   Domestic Fiction
•   Separated People — Fiction                  • 1001-list
•   Manners and Customs — Fiction
    Triangles (Interpersonal Relations) — Fiction books made into movies
•
                                                •
•   Marriage — New York (State)                 • new york city
    — New York — Fiction
•   Upper Class — New York (State) —            • pulitzer prize winner
    New York — Fiction
•   New York (N.Y.)                             • romantic
    — Social Life and Customs — Fiction
•   Man-woman Relationships — New York (State)  • tuesday afternoon book group
    — New York — Fiction
•   United States — Social Life and Customs — turn-of-the-century
                                                •
    19th Century
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
•   si-fi               •   empathy
•   technology          •   sci-fi
•   science fiction     •   stark
•   distopia            •   science fiction
•   dark                •   dark
•   blade runner        •   grim
•   androids            •   unpredictable
•   reality             •   bleak
•   social commentary   •   androids
•   science fiction     •   future
•   androids            •   love
What about World Wars?
• World War – 104       • WWII – 50
• WWI – 20              • WW II – 13
• WW I – 2              • WW2 – 8
• WW1 – 2               • War World 2 – 19
• World War I – 16      • World War II – 61
• World War 1 – 4       • World War 2 – 19
• First World War - 2   • Second World War – 2
Popular Fiction
New Fiction
Popular Non-Fiction
New Non-Fiction
More Data:
A Search
Language?
Social Tagging
SPL – 902,662 Records
SPL – 47,552 Records Missing SH




* NOT .SW=*
Social tagging 663
No Such Luck In Bibliocommons
The Data:
Who Can Benefit?
• Alternative Publishers
• Web Born Publications
• Sub Genres
• Readings Levels
• Current Events
• Multidisciplinary Books
• Reader Advisory
Who Is The Authority?
What’s The Harm?
What’s The Harm?
What’s The Harm?
What’s The Harm?
What’s The Harm?
What’s The Harm?
What’s The Harm?
What’s The Harm?

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Social tagging 663

  • 1. Social Tagging IN Library OPACS Philip Whitford
  • 2. Introduction & Outline • Social Tagging • Basic Terms • Current Conversation • Functionality • How’s It Being Used • Search Language?
  • 4. Web 2.0 Websites that rely heavily on users contributing content.
  • 5. Library 2.0 Library websites that rely heavily on users contributing content.
  • 6. Social Tags User generated words and phrases to describe online content.
  • 7. Folksonomies The clustering of social tags from the point of view of a collection or community.
  • 8. Social Annotations Any form of content that is added to an online document (can include social tags).
  • 10. Current Conversation Kwan, Yi, and Chan Lois Mai. 2009. "Linking folksonomy to Library of Congress subject headings: an exploratory study." Journal Of Documentation 65, no. 6: 872-900. Compared social tags in Delicious to LCSH “60.9 percent of the tags fall in the category of complete- word match with at least one subject heading in the subject authority file.”
  • 11. Yi and Mai (cont.)
  • 12. Current Conversation Thomas, Marliese, Dana M. Caudle, and Cecilia Schmitz. "Trashy tags: problematic tags in LibraryThing." New Library World 111, no. 5/6 (July 2010): 223-235. “In particular, lexical anomalies (e.g. grammatical variations) and lack of synonym, homonym, and homograph control could result in a high probability of noise and recall in users’ search results at the expense of retrieval precision, making it difficult to pull together similar or related resources.” (emphasis mine)
  • 13. Thomas et al (cont.)
  • 14. Thomas et al (cont.)
  • 15. How It is Being Used Social Tagging
  • 16. How to Add a Tag to the OPAC
  • 17. How to Add a Tag to the OPAC
  • 18. Using Tags Think Unlimited Go beyond the individual item Connect to the collection in a new way Adding NL to the OPAC Objective v. Subjective (The Best…)
  • 19. Genre Tags Age Level/Grade Level Subgenre (Cozy Mystery) Crossgenre (Paranormal Romance) Fringegenre (Environmental Fiction)
  • 20. Using Tags Use single words unless necessary Could this be problematic?
  • 21. Another Game! Name This Book Using LCSHs identify the book
  • 22. What Book Am I? • New York (N.Y.) — Fiction
  • 23. What Book Am I? • New York (N.Y.) — Fiction • Runaway Teenagers — Fiction
  • 24. What Book Am I? • New York (N.Y.) — Fiction • Runaway Teenagers — Fiction • Caulfield, Holden (Fictitious Character) — Fictio
  • 25. What Book Am I? • New York (N.Y.) — Fiction • Runaway Teenagers — Fiction • Caulfield, Holden (Fictitious Character) — Fictio • Runaway Teenagers — New York (State) — N
  • 26. What Movie Am I? • Feature Films
  • 27. What Movie Am I? • Feature Films • World War, 1939-1945 — Refugees — Drama
  • 28. What Movie Am I? • Feature Films • World War, 1939-1945 — Refugees — Drama • Morocco — History — 20th Century — Drama
  • 29. What Movie Am I? • Feature Films • World War, 1939-1945 — Refugees — Drama • Morocco — History — 20th Century — Drama • World War, 1939-1945 — Underground Movements —
  • 30. Another Game! Name This Book Using Tags identify the book
  • 31. What Book Am I? • epic • top 100 • fantasy • uear 9 • literature - europe • year 10 • middle earth • year 9 • premiers reading challenge 2009
  • 32. What Book Am I? • 1001-list • 2011 • boston latin school • class iv • read 2 of required
  • 33. How Social Tagging is Being Used Examples: Seattle Public Library
  • 34. Books That Were Evaluated • A Death in the Family • White Fang • My Antonia • Moby Dick • The Last of the Mohicans • Tropic of Cancer • The Red Badge of Courage • The Moviegoer • An American Tragedy • Great Short Works of Edgar Allan Poe • Invisible Man • The Catcher in the Rye • Light in August • The Grapes of Wrath • The Great Gatsby • Uncle Tom's Cabin • So Big • The Magnificent Ambersons • The Sun Also Rises • The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn • Their Eyes Were Watching God • Slaughterhouse-five • On the Road • The Optimist's Daughter • One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest • Miss Lonelyhearts • To Kill A Mockingbird • The Age of Innocence • Babbitt • Native Son
  • 38. The Data: LCSH Tags 147 Subject Headings 191 Tags 4.9 SH/Book 6.4 Tags/Book Highest # - 11 SH Highest # - 59 93.3% Have SH 73.3 Have Tags 2 Books with 0 SH 8 Books with 0 SH
  • 39. The Data: The Age of Innocents LCSH • Love Stories Tags • Domestic Fiction • Separated People — Fiction • 1001-list • Manners and Customs — Fiction Triangles (Interpersonal Relations) — Fiction books made into movies • • • Marriage — New York (State) • new york city — New York — Fiction • Upper Class — New York (State) — • pulitzer prize winner New York — Fiction • New York (N.Y.) • romantic — Social Life and Customs — Fiction • Man-woman Relationships — New York (State) • tuesday afternoon book group — New York — Fiction • United States — Social Life and Customs — turn-of-the-century • 19th Century
  • 40. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? • si-fi • empathy • technology • sci-fi • science fiction • stark • distopia • science fiction • dark • dark • blade runner • grim • androids • unpredictable • reality • bleak • social commentary • androids • science fiction • future • androids • love
  • 41. What about World Wars? • World War – 104 • WWII – 50 • WWI – 20 • WW II – 13 • WW I – 2 • WW2 – 8 • WW1 – 2 • War World 2 – 19 • World War I – 16 • World War II – 61 • World War 1 – 4 • World War 2 – 19 • First World War - 2 • Second World War – 2
  • 48. SPL – 902,662 Records
  • 49. SPL – 47,552 Records Missing SH * NOT .SW=*
  • 51. No Such Luck In Bibliocommons
  • 53. Who Can Benefit? • Alternative Publishers • Web Born Publications • Sub Genres • Readings Levels • Current Events • Multidisciplinary Books • Reader Advisory
  • 54. Who Is The Authority?