5. Social Presence
Social presence is the
degree of salience (i.e.,
quality or state of
being there) between
two communicators
using a communication
medium.
14. Importance of Presence
[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]
Important to
perceive
instructor as
“real” & “there”
Strongly Agree 4.46
Importance to
perceive
classmates as
“real” & “there”
Agree 3.93
15. Communication Media
Video: 4.23
Audio: 3.55
Text: 3.45
[1 Poor --- Excellent 5]
Rate video, audio, & text in
their ability to establish a
communicator as a “real”
person and being “there”
(i.e., social presence)
16. Lonely
Sometimes feel alone or
isolated when taking online
courses
[1 Strongly Disagree --- Strongly Agree 5]
Neither Agree or Disagree 3.10
19. Video Announcements
I read every
announcement
instructor posts
I watched all
announcements
Agree 4.18 Agree 4.03
20. Video Announcements
When / given a video
announcement and a text
transcription, which are
you more likely to do:
Only read; don’t watch
Read and watch video
Watch but don’t read
24%
45%
31%
21. Video Announcements
What reasons influence you to watch a
video announcement?
“If I have time”
“If there is instruction I watch. If it is simply an
announcement I will not watch”
“Internet connection speed”
“I always watch the video announcements because
they are critical to success in the class”
23. Instructional Videos
Like it when my
instructor uses
instructional
videos
Instructional
videos are a good
way to learn
Strongly Agree 4.53 Strongly Agree 4.49
24. Instructional Videos
I watched most of the
instructional videos
created by my instructor
this semester?
Strongly / Agree 4.53
34. Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
Group synchronous audio 3.18
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
35. Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
Group synchronous audio 3.18
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
36. Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
Group synchronous audio 3.18
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
37. Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
Group synchronous audio 3.18
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
38. Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
Group synchronous audio 3.18
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
39. Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
Group synchronous audio 3.18
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
40. Media Ranked
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group synchronous audio 3.18
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
41. Media Ranked
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group synchronous audio 3.18
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
42. Media Compared
One-on-one two-way synchronous video 4.22
Group two-way synchronous video 3.83
Personal asynchronous video 4.12
General asynchronous video 3.76
One-on-one synchronous audio 3.64
Group synchronous audio 3.18
One-on-one asynchronous audio 3.27
Group asynchronous audio 3.10
One-on-one synchronous text-based 3.61
Group synchronous text-based 3.00
One-on-one asynchronous text-based 3.48
Group asynchronous text-based 3.10
43. Video & Social Presence
Videos can establish instructor presence 4.29
Video announcements can establish instructor
presence 4.18
Video feedback can establish instructor
presence 4.10
Instructional videos can establish instructor
presence 4.22
I know my instructor better as a result of his
use of video 3.96
Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45
Agree
44. Video & Social Presence
Videos can establish instructor presence 4.29
Video announcements can establish instructor
presence 4.18
Video feedback can establish instructor
presence 4.10
Instructional videos can establish instructor
presence 4.22
I know my instructor better as a result of his
use of video 3.96
Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45
Agree
45. Video & Social Presence
Videos can establish instructor presence 4.29
Video announcements can establish instructor
presence 4.18
Video feedback can establish instructor
presence 4.10
Instructional videos can establish instructor
presence 4.22
I know my instructor better as a result of his
use of video 3.96
Enjoyed the use of video in this course 4.45
Agree
46. Video, audio, and text are all tools for
distance communications. Other factors
also contribute to the feeling of a real
person. Most critical for me is timeliness of
the communications. I'd rather have a more
immediate text reply that suffer digital
silence - even if the communication after the
delay is in a high quality video format.
47. When videos are kept short and focused they
can be a very effective tool for learning. Not
all information needs to be presented in a
video.
48. The courses where there was some element
of video communication, helped me to feel
more connected to the instructor (or in the
case of 502 not my instructor, but the video
instructor). This semester, I do not feel
connected to my instructors who have not
used any form of video communication.